UMLS:C0476089 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Target Concepts:

Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to identify amplified oncogenes in endometrial cancer using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Despite its prevalence, the molecular mechanisms of endometrial carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. The selected array CGH allows the simultaneous examination of 58 oncogenes commonly amplified in human cancers and is capable of achieving increased mapping resolution compared with conventional CGH. A subset of 8 specimens from a bank of 60 malignant and normal specimens was selected for array analysis to identify potential genes of interest. TaqMan polymerase chain reaction was carried out on the 60 specimens to examine if aberrations at the genomic level correlated with gene expression and to compare expression in normal and malignant samples. Oncogenes amplified in the endometrial cancers included AR, PIK3CA, MET, HRAS, NRAS, D17S1670, FGFR1, CTSB, RPS6KB1, LAMC2, MYC, PDGFRA, FGF4/FGF3, PAKI, and FGR. Three genes were examined at the messenger RNA level. AR and PIK3CA were higher in normal specimens, and MET was higher in malignant samples, suggesting a role for MET in endometrial cancer. Newer arrays examining more genes and larger sample numbers are necessary to elucidate the carcinogenic pathway in endometrial cancer.
...
PMID:Genome-wide analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid in endometrial cancer using comparative genomic hybridization microarrays. 1668 70

Epidemiological evidence suggests that carotenoids prevent several types of cancer, including mammary and endometrial cancers. On the other hand, such studies have also shown that estrogens are the most important risk factors for these cancer types. Genistein, the phytoestrogen mainly found in soy, also shows significant estrogenic activity when tested at concentrations found in human blood. The aim of this study was to determine whether carotenoids inhibit signaling of steroidal estrogen and phytoestrogen which could explain their cancer preventive activity. Similar to the known effect of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), treatment of breast (T47D and MCF-7) and endometrial (ECC-1) cancer cells with phytoestrogens induced cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression and transactivation of the estrogen response element (ERE). However, each of the tested carotenoids (lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, and beta-carotene) inhibited cancer cell proliferation induced by either E(2) or genistein. The inhibition of cell growth by lycopene was accompanied by slow down of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Moreover, the carotenoids inhibited estrogen-induced transactivation of ERE that was mediated by both estrogen receptors (ERs) ERalpha and ERbeta. The possibility that this inhibition results from competition of carotenoid-activated transcription systems on a limited pool of shared coactivators with the ERE transcription system was tested. Although cotransfection of breast and endometrial cancer cells with four different coactivators (SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3, and DRIP) strongly stimulated ERE reporter gene activity, it did not oppose the inhibitory effect of carotenoids. These results suggest that dietary carotenoids inhibit estrogen signaling of both 17beta-estradiol and genistein, and attenuate their deleterious effect in hormone-dependent malignancies.
...
PMID:Lycopene and other carotenoids inhibit estrogenic activity of 17beta-estradiol and genistein in cancer cells. 1705 25

To investigate whether PTEN can augment doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in PTEN-null Ishikawa cells. We previously demonstrated that Ishikawa cells do not possess functional PTEN protein because of protein truncations. Clones expressing the steady-state level of the PTEN protein from PTEN-null Ishikawa cells have been established and were used in this study. Doxorubicin is a commonly used anticancer drug in endometrial carcinoma. The cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin was evaluated using the methyl thiazoleterazolium (MTT) assay. We used the Hoechst 33258 staining to confirm the induction of apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the effects of doxorubicin on phosphorylation of Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (Bad) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB). Doxorubicin induced death of all cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, but the death was more significant in PTEN-expressing clones than in parent Ishikawa cells. A low concentration of doxorubicin (0.1 muM) did not affect apoptosis in PTEN-null Ishikawa cells, but it induced apoptosis in PTEN-expressing clones. A high concentration (1 microM) induced apoptosis in all cell lines, but the percentages of apoptotic cells were higher in PTEN-expressing clones than in parent Ishikawa cells. In the clones, phospho-Akt/PKB and phospho-Bad (Ser-136) were downregulated. Doxorubicin reduced the levels of phospho-Akt/PKB and phospho-Bad (Ser-136) in all the cell lines, but the reduction was most significant in the PTEN-expressing clones. Our present results indicate that PTEN transfection significantly enhances doxorubicin chemosensitivity through effective induction of apoptosis by downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/PKB signaling pathway in Ishikawa cells.
...
PMID:PTEN augments doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in PTEN-null Ishikawa cells. 1735 93

In this study, we explore the therapeutic potential of lapatinib a selective inhibitor of both the EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinases for the treatment of endometrial cancer. The effect of lapatinib on tumour cell growth and receptor activation was studied in a panel of human endometrial cancer cell lines. Candidate molecular markers predicting sensitivity were assessed by baseline gene expression profiling, ELISA, and western blot analyses. Multiple drug effect/combination index (CI) isobologram analysis was used to study the interactions between chemotherapeutic drugs and lapatinib. Concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects of lapatinib were seen in all endometrial cancer cell lines tested, but varied significantly between individual cell lines (IC(50) range: 0.052-10.9 micromol). HER2 overexpression or increased expression of EGFR was significantly associated with in vitro sensitivity (P=0.024 or 0.011, respectively). Lapatinib exerts growth inhibition in a PTEN-independent manner. Sensitive cell lines also exhibited increased expression of EGFR ligands or HER3. In contrast, lapatinib-resistant cell lines exhibited high androgen receptor (AR) levels or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (post-EMT) features. In endometrial cancer cells, at a wide range of clinically achievable drug concentrations, additive and synergistic interactions were observed for lapatinib plus carboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and doxorubicin. These observations provide a clear biologic rational to test lapatinib as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy in endometrial cancer with HER2 overexpression. Expression of EGFR, its ligands, HER3, AR, and post-EMT markers warrant further evaluation to help define patients with HER2-nonoverexpressing endometrial cancer most likely to benefit from lapatinib.
...
PMID:Activity of lapatinib a novel HER2 and EGFR dual kinase inhibitor in human endometrial cancer cells. 1833 72

The human endometrium undergoes cyclical changes including proliferation, differentiation, tissue breakdown, and shedding (menstruation) throughout a woman's reproductive life. The postovulatory rise in ovarian progesterone induces profound remodeling and differentiation of the estradiol-primed endometrium. This change, termed decidualization, is crucial for embryo implantation and maintenance of the pregnancy. To date, activation and crosstalk of cAMP- and progesterone-mediated signaling pathways have emerged as key cellular events to drive integrated changes at both the transcriptome and the proteome levels. This results in the induction and maintenance of the decidual phenotype and function. Our recent series of studies highlights the critical role of SRC kinase activation (v-src sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) and STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) phosphorylation in decidualization. After separation of the functional layer of the differentiated endometrium that follows progesterone withdrawal, i.e., menstruation, the basal layer of the endometrium, under the influence of estradiol, regrows and initiates a unique form of angiogenesis and regenerates a new functional layer. The molecular and cellular mechanisms for this process remain elusive, mainly because of difficulties in reproducing menstrual tissue breakdown, shedding, and subsequent tissue regeneration in vitro. We have recently developed a "humanized" mouse model in which a functional human endometrium is reconstituted. It may be used as an in vivo experimental tool for the study of endometrial angiogenesis and regeneration. This model may also be used to identify and test new therapeutic strategies for endometriosis, endometrial cancer, implantation failure, and infertility related to endometrial dysfunction.
...
PMID:Molecular and cellular mechanisms for differentiation and regeneration of the uterine endometrium. 1858 40

Several proangiogenic/proinflammatory factors involved in endometrial cancer are regulated by leptin, but the signaling mechanisms responsible for these leptin-induced actions are largely unknown. Here, we report that in benign (primary and HES) and cancerous-endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) (An3Ca, SK-UT2 and Ishikawa), leptin in a dose-dependent manner regulates vascular endothelial growth factor, (VEGF); interleukin-1 beta, (IL-1beta); leukemia inhibitory factor, (LIF) and their respective receptors, VEGFR2, IL-1R tI and LIFR. Remarkably, leptin induces a greater increase in VEGF/VEGFR2 and LIF levels in cancer than in benign cells. However, IL-1beta was only increased by leptin in benign primary-EEC. Cancer-EEC expressed higher levels of leptin receptor (full-length OB-Rb and short isoforms) in contrast to benign primary-EEC. Leptin-mediated activation of JAK2 (janus kinase 2) was upstream to the activation of PI-3K (phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase) and/or MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways. Leptin induction of cytokines/receptors generally involved JAK2 and MAPK activation, but PI-3K phosphorylation was required for leptin increase of LIF, IL-1/IL-1R tI. Leptin-mediated activation of mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin), mainly linked to MAPK, played a central role in leptin regulation of all cytokines and receptors. These results suggest that leptin's effects are cell-specific and could confer a proliferative or cell survival advantage or possibly promote endometrial thickness. Leptin's effects on proangiogenic molecules were more evident in malignant versus benign cells and may imply that there is an underlying shift in leptin-induced cell signaling pathways in endometrial cancer cells.
...
PMID:Leptin regulation of proangiogenic molecules in benign and cancerous endometrial cells. 1879 54

Cancer invasion is an outcome of interactions of the cancer and the host cell. It is now becoming increasingly clear that ovarian hormones have a huge influence on such intercommunications in various types of cancers. Estrogen is known to aggravate the aggressiveness of the endometrial cancer whereas progesterone seems to act as a negative factor. Insight into the mode of ovarian hormonal actions could come from the studies of its regulation of the paracrine interactions between the endometrial cancer and the normal stromal cells during the cancer invasion. In this context, we report here that estrogen promotes the endometrial cancer invasion by inducing humoral interactions between the cancer and the stromal cells, i.e., estrogen stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression from the endometrial cancer cells, which, in turn, induces the stromal expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), conferring the enhanced NK4 (HGF-antagonist/angiogenesis inhibitor)-sensitive invasion characteristic of the endometrial cancer cells. Additionally, we demonstrate a close correlation of the invasion of endometrial cancer cells with the expression and dimerization of integrin alpha(v)beta(5) as well as the activation of focal adhesion kinase as the consequences of paracrine interactions. Thus, understanding of paracrine interactions of cancer cells with host stromal cells can yield new insight into the architecture and function of cancer invasion and metastasis, leading to a development of a new cancer therapeutic intervention.
...
PMID:Endometrial cancer invasion depends on cancer-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha and stromal derived hepatocyte growth factor. 1923 22

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the female genital tract, accounting for nearly one half of all gynecologic cancers in the Western world. Although intensive research on pathological phenomena of endometrial cancer is currently going on, but exact cause and biological aspects of this disease are not well described yet. In addition to well-documented roles of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in hypopituitary ovarian (HPO) axis, the agonistic or antagonistic analogs (or both) of GnRH have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of human gynecologic cancers. Thus, in the present study, we further examined the possibility that GnRH induces integrin beta3 and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK1/2 and p38, to inhibit the growth of HEC1A endometrial cancer cell line. As a result, both GnRH-I and GnRH-II resulted in a significant increase in integrin beta3 expression and evoked the activation of FAK in a time-dependent manner in these cells. In addition, these analogs induced an activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in a time-dependent manner as downstream pathways of FAK. It appears that GnRH-II has much greater effect on the activation of FAK, ERK1/2 and p38 compared to GnRH-I in these cells. Further, we demonstrated that the growth inhibition of HEC1A cells by GnRH-I or GnRH-II is involved in the activation of integrin-FAK and ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that GnRH may be involved in the inhibition of endometrial cancer cell growth via activation of integrin beta3 and FAK as a direct effect. This knowledge could contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms implicated in the therapeutic action of GnRH and its biomedical application for the treatment against endometrial cancer.
...
PMID:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and GnRH-II induce cell growth inhibition in human endometrial cancer cells: involvement of integrin beta3 and focal adhesion kinase. 1965 90

Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females with prevalence of 22 in 100,000 women. The etiology of the cancer remains unclear. Despite significant progress towards understanding the patho-mechanism of the disease, effective treatment is still lacking. The results of the study suggest that combined treatment of Ishikawa cells for 24 h with disintegrin and then for 24 h with melphalan severely inhibits important biological functions of the cells. We showed that such strategy have a potent cytotoxic effect. The mechanism of process undergoes probably through inhibition of integrin - dependent signaling. In this study we shown down regulation of Shc and FAK proteins in cells treated with echistatin and melphalan. It suggests that signaling pathways that involve Shc and FAK participation may represent target for antineoplastic strategy. The functional significance of the combined treatment of Ishikwa cells with echistatin and melphalan was found at the level of collagen biosynthesis. Decreased biosynthesis of collagen in extracellular matrix may suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis. The treatment with echistatin and melphalan also showed decreased expression of IGF receptor in comparison to the cells treated with both compounds separately. The data presented suggest that combined therapy with disintegrin - echistatin and alkyalting drug - mephalan may represent a new approach to more effective and safe cancer therapy.
...
PMID:Combined therapy with disintegrin and melphalan as a new strategy in inhibition of endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa) growth. 2006 82

The effects of oxidative stress on collagen and DNA biosynthesis, beta-galactosidase activity, the expression of the beta-integrin receptor, FAK, the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP/ERK(1), ERK(2)) were evaluated in human endometrial carcinoma cells. Subconfluent cells were subjected to oxidative stress with 30 microM t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) for 1 h per day over the course of 5 days. It was found that oxidative stress contributed to an increase in the beta-galactosidase activity as well as to the inhibition of collagen and DNA biosynthesis. The mechanism of the process was found at the level of IGF-IR and HIF-1 alpha. An increase in the expression of HIF-1 alpha and a decrease in the expression of IGF-IR were observed in the cells subjected to oxidative stress. The role of IGF-IR signalling in the process was confirmed by an experiment showing downregulation of MAP kinases ERK(1) and ERK(2) expression in the studied cells. This phenomenon is probably responsible for the drastic inhibition of protein (up to 40 % of control) and DNA biosynthesis (up to 65 % of control) in the cells. An addition of tiliroside to the cells medium restored all parameters to the control level, including IGF-IR and HIF-1 alpha expressions. The data suggest that the antioxidative activity of tiliroside isolated from Potentilla argentea may originate at the level of IGF-IR and HIF-1 alpha signalling.
...
PMID:The potential mechanism of tiliroside-dependent inhibition of t-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in endometrial carcinoma cells. 2018 56

<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>