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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ferritin was demonstrated by immunohistochemical method in 95 patients with normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium in order to distinguish among these conditions. Fifteen patients with normal endometrium (NE), 28 with hyperplasia (AH), 12 with atypical hyperplasia (AAH), and 40 with endometrial carcinoma (CA) were studied. Paraffin section tissues were subjected to immunostaining according to the avidin-biotin complex method. CEA was found in 33% of NE cases, 46% of AH, 75% of AAH, and 83% of CA (P less than 0.01). Ferritin was not detected in any case of NE; however, it was detected in one case (4%) of AH, in one case (8%) of AAH, and in 88% of CAs (P less than 0.001). Both tumor markers exhibited a heterogeneous staining pattern, and for a given histologic hyperplastic or malignant lesion, corresponded to several phenotypes. There was no significant correlation between clinical stage or tumor grade and CEA or ferritin expression. In conclusion, ferritin seems to be a better biological marker than CEA in distinguishing between hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial lesions and it is also more reliable than CEA for endometrial malignancy since it was absent in normal and hyperplastic endometria.
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PMID:Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and ferritin in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium. 186 94

Paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 256 patients who received primary treatment (surgical staging, reduction of tumor size, and adjuvant therapy based on surgical and pathologic risk factors) for endometrial carcinoma at the Mayo Clinic between 1979 and 1983 were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine DNA ploidy characteristics. Diploid patterns constituted 78% of the cases, whereas aneuploid and tetraploid patterns accounted for 17% and 5%, respectively. Only 10% of patients with diploid tumors had a relapse in comparison with 39% of those with nondiploid lesions (34% with aneuploid; 58% with tetraploid). Significant differences (P less than 0.001) were noted in estimated 4-year progression-free survivals--88% for patients with diploid and 57% for those with nondiploid tumors. Stage, grade, depth of myometrial invasion, histologic subtype, peritoneal cytology, and DNA ploidy all demonstrated independent prognostic significance (P less than 0.001) in this study population. When subjected to multivariate analysis, however, grade and depth of myometrial penetration failed to retain prognostic significance (P greater than 0.15) and surgical stage was marginally significant (P = 0.05), whereas histologic subtype and DNA ploidy maintained significant predictive powers (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively). We conclude that DNA ploidy is a major objective prognostic factor and therapeutic determinant for endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:DNA ploidy in endometrial carcinoma: major objective prognostic factor. 234 28

In a retrospective analysis of 106 cases of endometrial carcinoma stages I-IV (FIGO), the prognostic value of DNA ploidy and nuclear morphometry of tumor cells was evaluated and compared with that of conventional clinical and histopathologic parameters. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from the original curettage specimens was used. A flow cytometric technique was employed to distinguish diploid from aneuploid tumors. It was not possible to estimate S-phase rates by this method. Eight different nucleus-related morphometric parameters were computed from representative tumor regions on the original slides. All histologic specimens were reviewed by on the pathologist and graded according to FIGO; nuclear grade was determined separately. Tumor stage, depth of myometrial infiltration, and nuclear grade were the most important prognostic factors with regard to tumor-related survival. DNA ploidy and nuclear morphometry did not add significant prognostic information that could be used to distinguish high-risk and low-risk populations with endometrial carcinomas. The simple nuclear grading system should be further evaluated in prospective studies and compared with DNA analysis and nuclear morphometry performed on fresh-frozen tissue.
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PMID:DNA ploidy, morphometry, and nuclear grade as prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma. 235 22

Paraffin-embedded curettage material from 120 patients with stage I and II endometrial cancer were analyzed by flow cytometry. The follow-up time in all cases was at least 5 years or until death. It was possible to determine DNA ploidy in 111 cases and S-phase was also evaluated in 92/111 cases. DNA ploidy and S-phase were then compared with the FIGO grading and clinical outcome. DNA ploidy results showed that 11% of grade 1 tumors were aneuploid, 14% of grade 2, 42% of grade 3, and 85% of the cases of uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) were aneuploid. Patients with tumors that showed an S-phase fraction below 5% had a cumulative 5-year cancer mortality of 7% whereas 49% of the patients with tumors having S-phase fraction above 10% died of their cancer. The prognostic significance of DNA and S-phase correlated fairly well with the FIGO grading as determined by a pathologist with special interest in gynecologic oncology and the DNA parameters added prognostic information independent of the FIGO grading.
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PMID:Flow cytometric measurements of DNA index and S-phase on paraffin-embedded early stage endometrial cancer: an important prognostic indicator. 279 2

Paraffin-embedded tissues from 15 women with breast or endometrial carcinomas were analyzed in a study designed to explore the possible value and validity of an immunoperoxidase method for the detection of estrogen receptor in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Results were compared with biochemical assays for estrogen receptor performed on cytosols of fresh tissue from the same patients. There was complete correlation in nine of 15 (60%) of the tumors analyzed. Four cases (26.7%) were judged positive for estrogen binding sites by immunoperoxidase but were negative for estrogen receptor by biochemical assays; in two cases the converse was observed. The immunohistologic technique is relatively rapid and utilizes fixed paraffin sections of the same tissue that is used for standard histologic diagnosis. The provision of a permanent record that can be kept for future reference provides an advantage over immunofluorescence methods that have been advanced for the detection of estrogen receptors. The excellent morphology achieved permits an assessment of the staining of individual cells in relation to the usual histologic criteria employed in the diagnosis of breast and endometrial cancer. This stands in contrast to biochemical cytosol-based assays that take no account of variations in receptor expression by the tumor cells or variations in the proportion of the assayed material that is in fact neoplastic as distinct from supporting stroma and connective tissue.
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PMID:Detection of estrogen receptor in breast and endometrial carcinoma by the immunoperoxidase technique. 616 43

Paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 51 endometrial cancer patients were analyzed by DNA flow cytometry to investigate relationship between DNA content and histologic prognostic factors. Twenty of the tumors were DNA aneuploid. With regard to clinical stage, DNA aneuploid tumors were observed in 22.9% of stage I, 72.7% of stage II and 80.0% of stage III cases. Concerning the histologic type, DNA aneuploid tumors were seen in 31.4% of endometrial carcinomas, 28.6% of adenosquamous cell carcinomas and 87.5% of serous adenocarcinoma cases. As to the depth of invasion, in 16.0% of cases there was invasion within 1/3 myometrium, in 42.9% of cases the middle 2/3, and in 80.0% of cases there was invasion throughout 2/3, these all being aneuploid cases. The above findings suggest that DNA aneuploidy is associated with the clinical stage, myometrial invasion and especially the histologic type. Furthermore, lymph node metastasis was detected in 3.4 and 26.3% of DNA diploid and aneuploid groups, respectively, and the frequencies were significantly different. Moreover, the 5 year survival rate was significantly higher in the DNA diploid group (96.8%) than in the aneuploid group (62.7%) (p < 0.05). The results suggest that flow cytometric ploidy determination is useful in making the prognosis for patients with endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Prognostic evaluation of endometrial carcinoma by DNA content and histologic factors]. 773 Jun 96

Paraffin-embedded materials obtained from 117 cases of endometrial hyperplasia and 84 cases of carcinoma were used for measurement of both ki-ras and p53 gene mutation and aromatase (ARO) and TGF-alpha immunostaining. The overall incidence of ki-ras mutations in the hyperplasia specimens (16%) was similar to the incidence detected in carcinomas (18%). None of 117 endometrial hyperplasias were found to have mutations in the p53 gene, whereas mutations were seen in 3 (13.3%) endometrial carcinomas. The intensity of both ARO and TGF-alpha immunostaining was increased in glands of both hyperplasia and carcinoma, and also in the interstitium of carcinoma. The positive sites of both ARO and TGF-alpha were almost the same, with an incidence below 40% in both hyperplasias and carcinomas. The cultured cells of endometrial carcinoma showed aromatase activity below MCF-7 cells, because testosterone was converted to estradiol (E2). TGF-alpha induced cell growth with at an optimal concentration. In HEC-59 cells, TGF-alpha increased both ARO-activity and mRNA. Some promoters on ARO-exon 1 in HEC-59 cells were different from those in BeWo cells. Progesterone inhibited the E2-induced excretion of pre TGF-alpha in endometrial carcinoma cells. These findings suggest that endometrial hyperplasia can be a premalignant condition of carcinoma, and can be initiated by both ki-ras codon 12 mutation and abnormal activity of ARO induced by TGF-alpha. In addition, HEC-59 cells may possess autocrine/paracrine properties involving ARO, E2 and TGF-alpha.
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PMID:[Aromatase activities of endometrial carcinomas and both basic and clinical analyses of endometrial hyperplasia as a premalignant disease]. 837 Oct 7

Expression of a neoepitope on cytokeratin 18, recognized by the monoclonal antibody M30, is an early indicator of apoptosis in epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the equilibrium between apoptosis (M30), anti-apoptosis (bcl-2), and proliferation (Ki-67) in different endometrial conditions. Paraffin-embedded samples (n = 107), representing proliferative endometrium (18), secretory endometrium (19), postmenopausal endometrium (15), disordered proliferative endometrium (6), simple hyperplasia (12), complex hyperplasia (8), and endometrial adenocarcinoma (29), were evaluated immunohistochemically. The indirect streptavidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase technique, with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole as the chromogen, was used to visualize the reactions. Proliferative endometrium showed high bcl-2 and Ki-67 expression levels with no M30. In the secretory phase, the balance was tipped in favor of M30 with a decrease of bcl-2 and Ki-67. Postmenopausal endometrium revealed high Ki-67 and bcl-2 expression levels and no M30. In complex hyperplasia, M30, bcl-2, and Ki-67 showed increased expression. In endometrial carcinoma, an increasing reactivity for M30 and Ki-67 was seen as the grade progressed. bcl-2 reacted weakly and only in grade 1 cancer. Immunohistochemistry facilitates the study of the expression of proteins related to cyclic endometrial activity. Interruption of these cyclic events is associated with specific disturbances in the expression patterns of these proteins.
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PMID:The patterns of expression of an apoptosis-related CK18 neoepitope, the bcl-2 proto-oncogene, and the Ki67 proliferation marker in normal, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrium. 1078 7

Cathepsin D (CathD), a lysosomal aspartyl protease secreted by normal and malignant cells, is considered to be involved in breakdown of the extracellular matrix. Aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and tissue distribution of CathD in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium. Paraffin-fixed endometrial tissue was obtained from premenopausal women in the proliferative phase (n = 5), early secretory phase (n = 4) and late secretory phase (n = 4) as well as glandular-cystic hyperplasia (n = 5), endometrial polyps (n = 5), endometrial polyps from the use of tamoxifen (n = 5), adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) grade I (n = 5), grade II (n = 4), grade III (n = 5) and endometroid adenocarcinoma (n = 5). CathD expression was evaluated with the IRS score and ANOVA analysis was used for statistical evaluation. CathD was primarily localised in luminal and glandular epihelium with little staining in stromal cells. The expression of CathD was significantly higher during the late secretory phase than in the proliferative phase. Highest expression of CathD was observed in the late secretory phase and in glandular-cystic hyperplasia, whereas endometroid carcinoma showed no expression. A continuous increase in CathD expression was observed in AH, with a significant difference between AH grade I and III. In conclusion, CathD was found to be expressed in normal and hyperplastic endometrial tissue. CathD immunostaining in normal endometrial glands varied on the basis of the phase of the menstrual cycle, suggesting physiological functions of CathD in endometrial maturation and degradation. Adenocarcinomas did express significant lower amounts of CathD. Therefore, the prognostic value of this parameter remains uncertain. A continuous increase in CathD immunostaining was observed in AH. Since AH grade III can be considered as a precursor of endometrial cancer, CathD could be a possible parameter for assessing malignant transformation.
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PMID:Cathepsin D expression in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial tissue: an immunohistochemical analysis. 1367 18

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been known to be related with various types of carcinoma, but we have insufficient knowledge about the association between COX-2 and endometrial cancer. Many have reported a close relationship between p53 expression and a poor prognosis in endometrial cancer, but it is unclear whether p53 is an independent prognostic factor. To clarify these uncertainties, we examined the expressions of COX-2 and p53 in endometrial cancer tissues. The study was carried on 152 endometrial cancer patients who had operation at Seoul National University Hospital. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were sectioned and immunostained using monoclonal anti-COX-2 and anti-p53 antibodies. Twenty-seven (17.8%) specimens stained as COX-2 positive. COX-2 positivity was more frequently observed in postmenopausal patients than in premenopausal patients (8.8% versus 25.0%; P = 0.009). However, COX-2 positivity did not show a statistically significant association with any other clinicopathologic characteristic (parity, body mass index, histotype, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, grade, lymph node metastasis, deep myometrial invasion, or p53 overexpression). Thirty-one (20.4%) specimens showed p53 overexpression and this was significantly correlated with an advanced stage (P = 0.001), poor differentiation (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.012), and deep myometrial invasion (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that advanced stage was an independent prognostic factor of survival, but p53 overexpression was not. COX-2 may be associated with endometrial cancer carcinogenesis during the postmenopausal period but not with tumor aggressiveness and p53 overexpression. The p53 overexpression was found to be strongly associated with endometrial cancer aggressiveness.
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PMID:Cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 expressions in endometrial cancer. 1534 58


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