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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of uterine endometrial carcinoma 15 months post-partum, who did have none of typical risk factors of uterine endometrial carcinoma, is presented. The occurrence of post-partum uterine endometrial carcinoma is extremely rare condition probably due to anti-carcinogenic effects of progesterone. Progesterone refractory cells in the uterine endometrium, which could be an origin of the endometrial carcinoma, might have existed.
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PMID:A case of uterine endometrial carcinoma 15 months post-partum. 1115 26

-It has been shown that ovarian steroid hormones can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. As hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women, progestins are added to estrogens to eliminate the increased risk of endometrial cancer. However, the effects of progestins on the atherogenic process have not been well understood. In the present study, we examined the effects of progestins on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Immunocytochemical analysis revealed the presence of progesterone receptors in HUVECs. Progesterone clearly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated expression of VCAM-1 protein and its mRNA in HUVECs. Synthetic progesterone receptor agonist R5020 also inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated VCAM-1 expression, whereas medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) failed to do so. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that progesterone, but not MPA, inhibited DNA binding of the transcription nuclear factor-kappaB, which is critical for the inducible expression of VCAM-1. Because the expression of VCAM-1 is one of the earliest events that occurs in the atherogenic process, this adhesion molecule might be a target molecule for progesterone on vascular walls. The contrasting effects of progesterone and MPA seem clinically important, inasmuch as MPA is a widely used progestin in the regimen of hormone replacement therapy.
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PMID:Progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone, inhibits vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human vascular endothelial cells. 1115 60

Fifteen cases of endometrial cancer were administered daily doses of 600 mg of MPA after surgery to prevent the recurrence of cancer. The initiation times of coagulation (time necessary for fibrin network formation) were measured with a highly sensitive damped oscillation rheometer and compared with those of 15 control patients who were not administered MPA. Biochemical studies of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were also done. The initiation times of coagulation were 19.0+/-1.8 minutes (min mean +/- standard deviation) after 3-6 months and 16.0+/-2.0 min after 9-12 months of MPA administration, both times being significantly shorter compared with the controls (24.0+/-2.5 min). Hematocrit values, platelet counts and fibrinogen levels were similar between the two groups. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was significantly decreased and antithrombin III activity (AT III), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasminogen level, plasmin-alpha(2) plasmin inhibitor complex level (PIC) and the fibrin degradation product level (FDP) were significantly increased in the MPA group compared with the control group. Accelerated coagulation of blood was definitely induced by high-dose MPA but antithrombin and fibrinolytic activities were also induced, and, thus, thromboembolic complications were prevented.
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PMID:Effect of high-dose progestogen on hemostatic properties of blood in patients with endometrial cancer. 1138 Nov 84

Recently, the number of cases of endometrial cancer has increased in Japan. Most of the increase are accounted for by premenopausal cases, which are frequently positive for ER or PR. Hormonal treatment using progestins such as MPA has been widely applied to endometrial cancer patients under 40 years old under the conditions of grade 1 well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma without myometrial invasion. In our hospital, we applied high-dose (600 mg/day) MPA for over 8 weeks in 14 cases of endometrial cancer, of which adenocarcinoma disappeared in 12 cases (86%), followed by cyclic administrations of low-dose MPA, with 7 subsequent recurrences. We think that a protocol for improving ovarian function, such as active induction of ovulation, should be established to induce intrinsic progesterone sufficient for the prevention of the recurrence of endometrial cancers. In the 2 cases, in which adenocarcinoma remained even after long administrations of MPA, myometrial invasion was noted in the surgically resected specimens. For advanced or recurrent endometrial cancers, MPA has been reported to be effective in an average of 26% in several reports, and effective in 42% cases when applied with combination chemotherapy, such as CAP, by virtue of the "chemical modulator" effect, which can delay the acquired resistance against ADM or CDDP. Furthermore, MPA has resulted in a significant improvement of 5-year disease-free survival rate when used as adjuvant therapy after complete operations and whole pelvic irradiation, compared with administrations of 5-FU in a randomized controlled study in Japan. Thus, in the future, we consider that hormonal therapy will play a more important role in endometrial cancer treatment.
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PMID:[Hormonal therapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma]. 1147 42

Two injectable forms of hormonal contraception, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera) and medroxyprogesterone acetate/estradiol cypionate (MPA/E(2)C, Lunelle), are now available to American women. Both formulations have demonstrated high degrees of efficacy, safety, and ease of use in international and U.S. trials. Data on DMPA have shown a number of noncontraceptive and therapeutic benefits, the most prominent of which is an 80% reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer. Although such benefits are less documented for MPA/E(2)C, they are expected to be similar to those seen with DMPA and oral contraceptives. Minor side effects of both formulations include menstrual irregularities in the early months of treatment and amenorrhea with DMPA. Patient counseling about the potential for these side effects, as well as possible risks, is important to long-term successful use of these contraceptive methods.
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PMID:Current options for injectable contraception in the United States. 1172 75

Progesterone is a critical steroid hormone that controls cell proliferation and differentiation in the female reproductive tract. Progesterone acts through two nuclear receptor isoforms, progesterone receptors A and B (PRA and PRB, respectively), each with unique cellular effects. Loss of PRB has recently been linked to the development of poorly differentiated endometrial tumors, a lethal form of cancer. To study the molecular effects of progesterone, progesterone receptors were introduced into Hec50co endometrial cancer cells by adenoviral vectors encoding either PRA or PRB. Progesterone induced the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, thereby significantly reducing the percentage of proliferating cells. Cancer cell invasion was also markedly inhibited as measured by Matrigel invasion studies. Similarly, a differentiated, secretory phenotype was induced by progesterone in cells expressing PRB. However, replicative senescence was induced by progesterone only in cells expressing PRA. Expression array analysis followed by confirmatory semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR experiments demonstrated a significant progesterone-dependent inhibition of expression of a cadre of cellular adhesion molecules, including fibronectin, integrin alpha3, integrin beta1, integrin beta3, and cadherin 6. The level of down-regulation of adhesion molecule expression was significantly greater in the presence of the B isoform, demonstrating that progesterone acts principally through B receptors to inhibit cancer cell invasiveness modulated by adhesion molecules.
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PMID:Progesterone inhibits human endometrial cancer cell growth and invasiveness: down-regulation of cellular adhesion molecules through progesterone B receptors. 1183 May 47

Progesterone has been used in the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic progesterone receptor-positive endometrial carcinoma and breast cancer. In vitro study using a breast cancer cell line, T47D, demonstrated an increase in p53 gene expression and induction of apoptosis by the administration of progesterone. Therefore, we investigated the effect of progesterone administration on the proliferation and apoptosis in a mesothelioma cell line, 211H. The expression of the progesterone receptor gene was detected in this cell line by a nested RT-PCR method. The proliferation of the cell line was suppressed after a 10-day incubation with 30 microM progesterone. In progesterone-treated 211H cells, apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay and nuclear DNA fragmentation analysis. These results clearly demonstrated that progesterone administration suppressed the cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma cells.
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PMID:Progesterone induces apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma cells. 1191 Dec 61

A statement released by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concerning depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) (Depo-Provera) found insufficient evidence linking DMPA to certain carcinoma-in-situ to withhold it from usage as a contraceptive agent. The FDA recommends usage limited to women to whom potential hazards have been fully explained, to those who cannot use other contraceptive methods, and to those who have completed childbearing. Presently 60 countries use DMPA. A recent review suggested that it is a justifiable contraceptive agent, there are few side effects other than irregular uterine bleeding and amenorrhea, and few reports of serious complications even when DMPA is used in larger doses for treatment of endometriosis or endometrial carcinoma. Evidence suggests that although the return of ovulation is slower than after discontinuing oral contraceptives or the IUD, the return rate after 1 year is high. Further evaluations are necessary concerning carcinogenicity and reversibility.
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PMID:Injectable medroxyprogesterone. 1222 96

The Second Asian Regional Workshop on Injectable Contraceptives held in Thailand in November 1981 discussed many scientific aspects of the use of injectable contraceptives, including depot medroxyprogesterone acetate--Depo-Provera (DMPA), norethisterone oenanthate--Norigest (Net-Oen), and newer techniques such as microcapsules and subdermal implants. Injectable contraceptives are applicable for use in both developed and developing countries because they are highly effective, safe, and can be made readily available especially in areas where couples may not have access to other similarly effective methods. Injectables act primarily by temporary inhibition of ovulation. Menstrual disturbances may occur but do not pose health hazards. Delay in return of regular menstrual periods and fertility following discontinuation of DMPA averages about 6 months; the delay is somewhat less for Net-Oen. Side effects are minor and there are no observed clinically significant hormonal or metabolic disturbances. Lactation is not affected and inadvertent administration in pregnant women does not cause congenital abnormalities in the offspring. The long duration of action frees women from the responsibility of pill taking. There has never been any mortality or serious morbidity associated with DMPA and Net-Oen, and there are very few contraindications to their use. The carcinogenic potential in humans have never been established. On the contrary, DMPA may even have a protective effect against endometrial cancer, as it is used to treat this disease. DMPA is currently being used in more than 80 developed and developing countries, but not in the U.S. The ban in the U.S. has caused undue concern among women and health care professionals in developing countries, and has resulted in international criticism that the U.S. practices a "double standard" and that drugs are being "dumped" in unsuspecting Third World countries. The Workshop recommends that continued research and surveillance be carried out to monitor the long-term safety of these drugs. The Workshop members endorse injectable contraceptives as safe and effective and recommend that they be made available to all women.
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PMID:Injectable contraceptives: safe and effective. 1226 96

For 1 week a drug company's representatives, officials from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and other interested individuals debated whether Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate or DMPA) can be safely used, but they failed to resolve the issues. "Contraceptive Technology Update" attended these hearings and interviewed witnesses to bring its readers a comprehensive report on the issues. 9 articles summarize the presentations at he hearing. The FDA public board of inquiry sought to resolve the following issues concerning Depo-Provera: in comparison with other contraceptive drugs, do the benefits outweigh the risks; do data from animal studies indicate a potential risk of breast or endometrial cancer in humans from Depo-Provera; can the human studies' data refute the risk of human cancer suggested by the animal data; are there labeling conditions and distribution controls that would permit marketing of Depo-Provera as a safe and effective drug on a limited basis; would marketing approval of Depo-Provera as a contraceptive increase the use of the drug under conditions not stipulated in the approval; does use of Depo-Provera increase the risk of teratogenic effects to a greater extent than other systemic contraceptives in the event of a failure; and is estrogen therapy likely to be prescribed for a significant number of patients using Depo-Provera. The issues raised have blocked marketing of Depo-Provera as a contraceptive in the US for a number of years. In 1968 the Upjohn Company began the lengthly process for having a drug approved for use in the US by filing with the FDA a New Drug Application (NDA) for Depo-Provera's use as a contraceptive. Although Depo-Provera has not been approved for use in the US, Upjohn manufactures the contraceptive in Belgium and France and estimates that more than a million women in 80 countries use the contraceptive. DMPA is still approved as adjunctive therapy for metastatic endometrial carcinoma and renal carcinoma. Because of that approved use, the drug has reportedly been prescribed as a contraceptive in this country, contrary to its current label indications. The FDA's obstetrics and gynecology advisory committee recommended approval of Depo-Provera in 1975, but the Public Citizen Health Research Group and some congressmen asked that the FDA not approve the drug. In 1978 the FDA notified Upjohn that its NDA would not be approved. Upjohn then requested a hearing in the form of a Public Board of Inquiry. The board held the hearing in January 1983. The controversy over Depo-Provera involves noted groups and individuals on both sides.
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PMID:FDA board investigates Depo-Provera safety. 1226 61


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