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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytoplasmic concentrations of ER, AR, PR, and GR were determined in 124 specimens of normal and abnormal endometrium and other uterine human tissues by the DCC technique. In the endometrial carcinoma group, we observed that pretreatment with MAP leads to low cellularity, higher amount of AR, lower amounts of detectable ER, GR, and PR: the last receptor was almost always absent. A positive correlation between ER presence and tumor grade of differentiation was found in endometrial tumors from hormone-untreated patients. With the value of 142 fmol/mg DNA as the cut off point between high and low binding capacity, the frequency of the single receptors within the hormone-untreated cancer group ranged from 61% to 88%; ER and PR were simultaneously present in 55% of cases (they are tightly correlated in the different biopsies with respect to frequency and amount); ER-AR-PR were present in 45% and all the four receptors in 40% of cases. Slightly higher values were found in normal endometrium collected from hormone-untreated patients.
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PMID:Multiple steroid hormone receptors in normal and abnormal human endometrium. 721 81

Biopsy specimens obtained from 150 women with primary, untreated endometrial carcinoma were investigated prospectively to determine the content of estrogen and progsterone receptors (E2 and PR). The investigation hoped to discover whether in vivo results of progesterone treatment of recurrent metastases correlated with in vitro occurrence of E2R and PR. At various intervals, 13 patients who had developed metastases despite routine surgical and radiation therapy were treated with gestagens (Depo-Provera or Proluton-Depot for 3-5 times weekly). 8 of the women, aged 61-71 years, proved E2R positive (greater than 10 fmol/mg of cytosolprotein), 2 had no PR, and the remaining 6 had PR concentrations from 7-892 fmol. 7 responded clinically to gestagen therapy (poorly differentiated tumors in 3 and moderately differetiated in 4). 5 of the cases (aged 50-84 years) were E2R negative; they had no PR, did not respond to gestagen therapy, and died after 2-8 months (2 poorly differentiated and 3 moderately). Therefore, hormone receptor tests in endometrial cancer do seem clinically predictive of outcome of gestagen treatment.
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PMID:Do estrogen and progesterone receptors (E2R and PR) in metastasizing endometrial cancers predict the response to gestagen therapy? 740 52

30 patients with advanced breast carcinoma, and 20 patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma were treated with high doses, 500 mg./day, of MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) administered orally for 3 months. Evaluation of results showed responses in only 30% of women treated, independently of the type of carcinoma. In the breast carcinoma group median duration of response was 10 months, and median survival time 15 months; in the second group of patients median duration of response was 15 months, and median survival time was not yet reached after 28 months of follow-up. Negative side effects were gain of body weight and hypertension; oral MPA administration seems to have a lower response rate than parenteral administration; it is, however, easier to handle, and could present a useful alternative in maintenance therapy.
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PMID:[Oral high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of advanced phases of breast and endometrial cancer]. 745 90

Endometrial fibroblasts derived from uterine endometrium as controls and endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa and HHUA cells) were used to analyze the manner of induction of c-Ha-ras transcripts in endometrial cancers, some of which are estrogen-dependent in growth. Estrogen increased c-Ha-ras expression and tyrosine kinase (TK) activity in fibroblast and Ishikawa cells, but not in HHUA cells. Progesterone diminished c-Ha-ras expression and tyrosine kinase (TK) activity induced by estradiol in the fibroblasts, but not in Ishikawa cells, which persistently overexpressed c-Ha-ras. In these cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased c-Ha-ras expression as did estradiol. Pretreatment with tyrphostin, an inhibitor of TK, abolished estrogen-inducible overexpression of c-Ha-ras. The combination of both estradiol and EGF at maximum effective concentration exerted no additive or synergistic effect on induction of c-Ha-ras expression. In conclusion, persistent activation of TK might lead to overexpression of c-Ha-ras in some endometrial cancer cells under estrogen predominant milieu, which might be associated with the transformation or growth potential.
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PMID:Estrogen induces c-Ha-ras expression via activation of tyrosine kinase in uterine endometrial fibroblasts and cancer cells. 757 18

The selection of contraception for women over the age of 35 presents significant problems. The popular IUD is often contraindicated on account of producing pathological cervical and/or uterine changes. In such women the suitable contraceptives are pure gestagen pills and injectables (Depo-Provera and norethindrone enanthate). Depo-Provera contains the active ingredient medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), which imitates the activity of endogenic progesterone and increases the activity of 17-hydroxyprogesterone 6- or 7-fold. Its mechanism of action on the uterine epithelium consists of antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activity. In 1995 approximately 3.5 million women were using DMPA. Its contraceptive effectiveness amounts to 0-1.2 pregnancies per 100 women in the course of 1 year. In a 1987 multi-centered trial it was observed that the use of 250 and 500 mg of DMPA every 9 months produced a higher incidence of pregnancy than the use of 150 mg every 3 months. The causes of discontinuation of DMPA use are irregular bleeding (10.5%), reduction of libido (1.6%), and weight gain (1.4%). A 1984 clinical study of 3905 women showed that 54% of them had no untoward effects while using DMPA. The frequency of development of amenorrhea with DMPA use varies from 8% to 72%. Its hematological parameters are good and some studies showed that DMPA does not increase the risk of development of cancer of the endometrium, ovaries, and cervix. A 1991 study suggests that the relative risk of breast cancer may increase after 4 years of use of DMPA in women under 35, however, according to a 1994 study, above this age the risk is minimal. DMPA use lowers the risk of endometrial cancer, and this protective effect lasts for 8 years after cessation of use. Higher doses of DMPA treat endometrial cancer. After halting DMPA use the average time for conception to occur is 5.5 months. DMPA use in the first trimester does not produce adverse effects on the newborn or on lactation.
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PMID:[Contraception with injectable long-acting preparation depo-provera]. 765 32

In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has tended to increase gradually in Japan. Most cases (early cancer of stage I and II) are treated by hysterectomy alone, and the prognosis has been relatively good. From analysis of the poor prognostic factors in endometrial cancer, we understood that additional therapy is necessary for patients who have the following factors: degree of differentiation: G3; invasion to > 1/2 myometrium; metastases to pelvic or para-aortic lymph node, isthumus-cervix extension; surgical stage III and more. However, for patients with advanced inoperable and recurrent cancer, a radiotherapy, is not so sensitive to endometrial cancer has been used. A first line establish a chemotherapy has not been established either. Various attempts have been made to establish a chemotherapy for endometrial cancer. As a result, adriamycin (ADR) and cisplatin (CDDP) have proved effective as single agents. For patients with early cancer who have the poor prognostic factors mentional above, irradiation and polychemotherapy regimens (CAP and AP) are effective. Since the progression of endometrial cancer is dependent on sex steroid hormones, antitumor effects of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are expected to be effective for patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive cancer, or with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1 type) histologically. Although several forms of therapy are capable of inducing objective remission as adjuvant treatment, all treatment for advanced and recurrent disease remains palliative, and responses and survival for patients treated with irradiation and chemotherapy remain short. Furthermore, we should examine new methods such as new drug application of key drugs like ADR and Pt pharmaceutical preparation, improvement of Dose intensity of the key drugs and Biochemical modulation, CPT-11, Taxol and assembly of key drugs, along with the Circadian approach in the light of Biochronology.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of uterine endometrial cancer]. 766 68

In recent years, we treated recurrent uterine endometrial cancer by combined therapy including CDDP. But in poor cases, like renal failure and such, it is difficult to perform the therapy. Two cases of recurrent uterine endometrial cancer treated earlier with MPA were presently treated with an addition of etoposide. The first case was given etoposide (50 mg/m2/day 4 times for 21 days by oral administration). The target tumor mass was reduced in size, occult blood vanished, and the tumor marker was reduced. The other case was treated with etoposide, 50 mg/body/day for 21 days by oral administration, but because of diarrhea, the dose had to be decreased to 25 mg/body/day every day. The tumor marker was reduced and genital bleeding vanished. These cases suggested that etoposide-MPA combined therapy might be effective for recurrent uterine endometrial cancer of well-differentiated type.
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PMID:[Treatment of recurrent uterine endometrial cancer in adjuvant therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in addition of etoposide]. 782 70

Progesterone has been the first isolated gestagen. After a short review on the physiology of secretion of progesterone some pharmacologic actions are considered by the authors. Among gestagens, derivatives of pregnane are of special interest, particularly because of fewer, notably androgenic, side effects. After reviewing commercial French and Swiss products the authors focus on three applications: the premenstrual syndrome where progesterone is of interest for local and systemic administration the perimenopause in which several pathologies treatable by gestagens occur Finally the menopause in which progesterone is important in view of its physiologic role. Among the reasons to use progesterone combined with estrogens during menopause, prevention of endometrial cancer is the most important but other advantages are also noted. The authors discuss risk factors for breast cancer during treatment with gestagens in menopause. Finally the authors review compliance and underline the importance of new treatment schedules for the menopause: Continuous treatment, on-demand treatment or menstruation every 3 months.
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PMID:[Progesterone, progestagens in premenstrual syndrome, the perimenopause and the menopause]. 784 31

Mortality is the greatest concern in assessing risks of modern reversible contraception. The problems identified with older oral contraceptives (OCs) have decreased with the lower doses in current OCs. These problems include cardiovascular and thrombotic effects, changes in lipid metabolism, breast cancer, liver cancer, increased risk of chlamydia cervicitis, no protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV, and interferes with breast feeding. On the other hand, OCs protect against anemia, menstrual disorders, ectopic pregnancy, acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Since the contraceptive implant, Norplant, has no estrogens, it does not have the cardiovascular risks associated with OCs. Possible risks from Norplant use include changes in carbohydrate, liver, and lipid metabolism but they tend to be clinically insignificant and no protection against STDs/HIV. Menstruation disorders are the major side effect. Apparent benefits of Norplant are protection against anemia and ectopic pregnancy and no effect on lactation. The injectable contraceptive, Depo-Provera, causes menstrual changes, may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, may decrease bone density, and does not protect against STDs/HIV. It protects against endometrial cancer. It has no effect on metabolism. Risks associated with the IUD include PID, perforation, anemia, increased menstrual bleeding, and pregnancy. IUDs do not affect the quantity of composition of breast milk. They are best suited for women in a mutually monogamous, long-term relationship. Barrier methods provide some degree of protection against STDs/HIV and PID. Condoms provide the most protection. They do not affect lactation. Their major complications are contraceptive failure and risks associated with pregnancy. For all women, especially those in high risk categories, one must balance the risks of modern contraceptive use with the risks of childbearing and with their benefits.
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PMID:The safety of modern contraceptives. 784 6

Endometrial hyperplasia was proposed as a predecessor to endometrial carcinoma already at the end of the 19th century. However, there have been different opinions regarding this view. The treatment also varies, but generally cyclic progesterone at a dose of 10 mg a day is used. In order to investigate whether endometrial hyperplasia is a premalignant state and also whether a high-dose gestagen treatment would cure a high proportion of these patients, a prospective randomised study was started in 1982. We now present the 5 year follow-up consisting of 82 patients treated with high-dose gestagen. In this study 19 out of 82 patients had hysterectomies (2 due to hyperplasia and 11 due to bleeding), almost the same frequency as in a previous report with patients followed-up with abrasio only, but now mainly due to bleeding problems. In summary, no carcinoma developed and the hyperplasia was cured with 500 mg MPA i.m. twice weekly for three months. However, the bleeding problems, though almost always only spotting, remained, leading to a frequency of hysterectomy that was still too high. We find latter clinical problem an enigma. Further studies are therefore in progress in our group which try to identify other treatment modalities for those patients with bleeding problems or who redeveloped hyperplasia after abrasio, in order to avoid hysterectomies.
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PMID:Spontaneous endometrial hyperplasia. A 5 year follow-up of 82 patients after high-dose gestagen treatment. 787 26


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