Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adverse and beneficial effects, especially with regard to mortality rates, of oral contraceptives (OC) are reviewed. In 1980 approximately 80 million women used OCs worldwide. OCs were first marketed in the United States in the 1960's, but by the 1980's low-dose combination pills with less estrogen and progesterone content became widespread along with the minipill, injectable preparations depo- medroxyprogesterone DMPA, and norethindrone containing capsules. Relative disease risk estimates are based on cohort studies and case- control studies. The Royal College of General Practitioners RCGP Oral Contraceptive Study of 1974 involved 46,000 women aged over 15 (50% were OC users, 50% were nonusers) the Oxford Family Planning Association Contraceptive Study of 1976 recruited 17,032 women aged 25-39, 56% of whom used OCs, and the Walnut Creek Contraceptive Drug Study of 1981 studied 16,638 women aged 18-54 of whom 28% were OC users and 33% were former users. A somewhat elevated mortality among ever-users of OCs in the order of 20% seems to be indicated by these studies mostly attributable to diseases of the circulatory system. Current OC use is also a risk factor in thrombotic stroke of the order of 4 or 5, but former use of OCs lowers the risk to 2. The effect of OC dose and formulation, duration of use, and predisposing factors on hemorrhagic and thrombotic stroke appears to be inconclusive with varying data from different studies. There is evidence for some increase in ischemic heart disease among current OC users, and also a 2-fold increase of myocardial infarction (MI) when smoking, serum cholesterol, and hypertension is taken into account, moreover higher estrogen dosage also contributes to a higher incidence of MI. There is also a 5-fold increase of venous thromboembolism among OC users induced by duration of use and estrogen potency, as OCs seem to promote atherogenesis, although the roles of progesterone and estrogen are conflicting. combination pills reduce the rate of endometrial cancer, provided protection against ovarian cancer, and do not seem to increase breast cancer incidence, although the relative risk of cervical cancer is elevated. Mortality risks with older OCs outweigh the benefits.
 ...
PMID:On the epidemiology of oral contraceptives and disease. 331 96

Ninety-five patients diagnosed as having stage I endometrial carcinoma (EC) were divided into two groups, one with associated adenomatous hyperplasia (AH; group 1) and the other without (group 2). Adenomatous hyperplasia results from estrogenic stimulation of the endometrium. Therefore, patients in group 1 are considered to have an estrogen-related EC. Group 1 included 49 patients with an average age of 59; group 2 included 46 patients with an average age of 65. Review of the histologic characteristics of EC showed that group 1 tumors are better differentiated and less invasive and that their morphology is closer to the normal glandular structure of the endometrium. Group 2 tumors are less well differentiated, more often invade the myometrium, and include histologic variants such as papillary, clear cell, and anaplastic carcinoma that are dissimilar from the glandular structure of the normal endometrium. Mucinous adenocarcinomas and the presence of stromal foam cells were found to be associated with group 1 EC. Progesterone receptors (PR) were measured in a sample of 30 patients. They were present in all cases of group 1 ranging from 50 to 2,400 fmol/mg protein and absent or very low (30-190 fmol/mg protein) in group 2. All EC with stromal foam cells had high PR (380-2,400 fmol/mg protein). This study confirms that estrogen-related EC is generally a better differentiated and less aggressive tumor and suggests that there are two types of EC. The tumors not related to estrogens, which are histologically more malignant, were seen in an older age group of patients. In addition to the currently accepted methods of clinical evaluation of EC patients, defining the morphologic and biochemical characteristics of two types of EC may contribute to the management of EC, now the most prevalent cancer of the female pelvis. The patients known to be at risk for endometrial carcinoma, identifiable by abnormal hormonal manifestations (obesity, infertility, and other conditions related to hyperestrogenism) as well as those receiving exogenous estrogens are likely to develop a better differentiated and less aggressive form of neoplasia. It would be important to elaborate a system of early detection of EC in the group of elderly patients with no signs of hyperestrogenism prone to develop the less differentiated and biologically more aggressive tumors.
 ...
PMID:Endometrial carcinoma: two diseases? 356 22

Gestrinone (R 2323) is a synthetic progestogen, and noteworthy agent for endometriosis treatment. The effect of this reagent on cultured cells from porcine granulosa, human endometrial and endometrial carcinoma origin was investigated concerning their hormonal activities and cell proliferations. Also, the effect of gestrinone on the serum levels of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids in patients with XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer's syndrome) and uterine myoma was studied. The monolayer cell colony established from the endometrial tissue fragments was positively stained by PAS similar to the secretory phase endometrium by 10 ng/ml gestrinone in the culture media. Endometrial carcinoma cells from a 65-year-old patient were proliferated by gestrinone at the concentration of 50 ng/ml in the culture media. The effect of gestrinone on the secretions of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta with or without hCG/testosterone from the cultured porcine granulosa cells was also investigated. Progesterone secretions were stimulated at the 50 ng/ml concentration of gestrinone, especially in association with hCG. Nonetheless, at the concentration of 500 ng/ml, those were inhibited. The secretions of estradiol-17 beta were stimulated by this reagent both with and without testosterone in dose-dependent manners. The effect of 25 mg gestrinone administration for 3 days on the levels of LH, FSH, progesterone and estradiol-17 beta in a patient with XY gonadal dysgenesis was as follows. Both LH and FSH levels gradually decreased, whereas estradiol-17 beta level was increased. The same dosage of this reagent was administered to a patient with uterine myoma on her menstrual days 7, 8, and 9.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[The effect of a synthetic progestin (R 2323) on gonadal and endometrial cells in vitro and in vivo]. 385 23

Spinal cord or cauda equina compression secondary to epidural metastasis rarely develops in patients with endometrial carcinoma and the early signs and symptoms of compression can therefore be inadvertently overlooked. A 78-year-old patient who developed bone metastasis with destruction of the fifth lumbar vertebral body and blockage of the cauda equina at L-4, L-5 as the only sites of metastasis is reported. This occurred 2 years after initial treatment of a stage IB, well-differentiated, grade I, adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium. The patient remains alive, with good neurological function and free of metastatic disease, 2 1/2 years following vertebrectomy, radiation therapy, and adjuvant Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) therapy. This patient represents the only case of metastatic endometrial cancer with cauda equina compression in the literature in whom long-term disease-free follow-up has been noted.
 ...
PMID:Cauda equina compression secondary to metastatic carcinoma of the uterine corpus: preservation of neurologic function and long-term survival following surgical decompression and radiation therapy. 397 89

The effects of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and progesterone (P) on DNA and RNA contents of a human endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa) and a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were studied using Flow cytometry. The results were as follows. MPA and P at a high dose of 10(-5) M inhibited their cell cycle progression through the G1 phase or G1-S phase boundary and showed a decrease in the number of cells which underwent DNA synthesis and mitosis. P at a low dose of 10(-7) M showed the lengthening of cell cycle time in the S phase. MPA at 10(-7) M had an inhibitory effect on the cell cycle progression of Ishikawa cells similar to that of a high dose of MPA whereas, in the case of MCF-7 cells, it showed a lengthening of duration in the S phase. Therefore, the dose-responsibility of these cells to MPA were shown to be different. A high dose of MPA and P showed a decrease in the cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA contents. A low dose of MPA and P had no marked effect on the RNA contents. From these results, it was clarified that MPA, especially at a high dose, could substantially inhibit RNA synthesis and DNA synthesis with a delay of the cell cycle progression in hormone responsive cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:[The effects of progestogens on a human endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa and a human breast cancer cell line MCF-7]. 401 8

The association of steroids with their cytosol receptors is the first stage in the mechanism of action of steroid hormones. Translocation of the steroid-receptor complex to the nucleus results in the binding of the hormone-receptor complex to chromatin. Subsequently, this process alters gene expression. Oestrogens augment gene expression, leading to cell proliferation and stimulation of protein synthesis. Progesterone may blunt gene expression and antioestrogens act similarly, e.g. tamoxifen inhibits both DNA and protein synthesis. Determination of steroid receptors is a routine diagnostic tool for the management of patients with breast and endometrial cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Hormone receptors: theoretical and experimental aspects of the effect of steroid hormones]. 619 49

On the basis of a personal series of 43 cases of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma the Authors point out that this histologic type is more hormonosensitive than the other ovarian carcinomas. Their search for ER and PgR receptors in the tumour tissue showed a particularly high incidence of positive cases (81.3% and 72.1% respectively). Furthermore, the adjuvant, high-dose MAP therapy (Farlutal) obtained a high incidence of positive responses with neoplastic regression in 53.5% of the patients, all of whom were PgR-and/or ER-positive cases. 71.2% of the cases that could be followed survived at 3 years and 57.1% survived at 5 years from the beginning of the therapy. From this standpoint too, the Authors compare ovarian endometrioid carcinoma to endometrial carcinoma and believe that the determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the neoplastic tissue can apply to the former too as a cryterion to select patients eligible for progestinic therapy.
 ...
PMID:Steroid receptors and progestinic therapy in ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. 622 Sep 3

This reply to a letter criticizing the author's article on Depo-Provera use which appeared in the same publication argues that proponents of Depo-Provera have misled the public about its suitability for wide use. Because many Thai women have already used Depo-Provera for a decade or more, because it takes 10 times as much Depo-Provera to produce the same blood level in monkeys as in humans, and because tribal women in Thailand weighing less than 45 kg routinely received 6 month doses of 450 mg, 3 times the 3 month dose, any difference between the doses given experimental monkeys and village women is marginal. The study by McDaniel and Potts of women with endometrial cancer hospitalized in Chiang Mai and Lumpoon Provinces which examined Depo-Provera use among them had too small a sample to detect less than a 20-fold relative risk; moreover, very few cases of endometrial cancer actually came in for treatment. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and norgesterone produce a situation similar to early menopause in which the uterus is atrophic because ovulation has ceased, but estrogen production continues and the endometrium is stimulated. Menopausal women are at high risk of developing endometrial cancer. Research literature suggests that the reproductive systems of breastfed infants are vulnerable to longterm action of DMPA in milk. Babies exposed in utero may be at risk of vaginal adenosis or cardiovascular malformations. Giving Depo-Provera to mothers of nursing babies violates the restrictions on use of children in medical experiments evolved after the Nuremburg trials. The hostility of population control activists to critics concerned about cancer evidence may prevent abnormal conditions from being looked for. It is suggested that DMPA experimenters experiment on themselves for 10 years while a moratorium on use of Depo-Provera is observed until the results are available.
 ...
PMID:Reply to Dr. Edwin B. McDaniel. Exaggerated claims of depo-provera safety. 622 51

Twenty-one women were given depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 1000 mg/wk for 6 mth as part of the treatment for endometrial carcinoma in either clinical stage I or II. Total and free cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were analysed in serum and in the ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL (very low, low and high density lipoproteins). Previous studies have shown little effect on lipoprotein metabolism after lower doses of MPA, unlike progestins of the 19-nor-testosterone series, after which an 'androgenic' lipoprotein pattern is seen, i.e., a decrease in HDL-cholesterol and in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. After this massive DMPA dose, only a slight decrease in HDL-cholesterol was seen, as well as a rise in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. We interpret the latter finding as secondary to an influence on carbohydrate metabolism.
 ...
PMID:High-dose depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) - effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. 622 6

Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed conspicuous superficial changes in endometrial carcinoma, primarily in highly differentiated cases, after treatment with high doses of a progesterone compound (Depo-Provera). The most important changes included decrease of superficial structure, distruction of microvilli, loosening of intercellular connection and disintegration of the glandular substance. In consequence a barren, poorly structured, "devastated" pattern was seen, which points to the regressive processes on intracellular plane occurring on the effect of progestagens. Results confirmed the hypothesis of the close relationship between intracellular and cell surface processes.
 ...
PMID:[Cell surface changes after high-dosage progesterone treatment in endometrial carcinoma]. 623 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>