Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent cohort and case control studies of low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing the new generation of progestogens have allowed classification of adverse effects into those which are rare but serious and should be considered risks and those which are more frequent but are less of a threat to health. Low-dose COCs continue to affect coagulation in a complex way, but the risk is less than with the older preparations, and it can be minimized by screening women for a personal or familial history of early or unusual thrombosis and for levels of protein C, S, and antithrombin III. Women with true migraine with focal signs should also avoid using COCs. The relative risk of myocardial infarction (MI) may increase from 4:1 in women with one risk factor (age, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes) to 20:1 with two risk factors and 128:1 with three or more risk factors. In the absence of all risk factors, a recent study indicated that the relative risk of MI with COC use was 1.9 for current and past use. COC use also causes a slight increase in hypertension in most women, especially those who are older or have a family history of hypertension. While the COC can affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the new generation of progestogens has reduced these effects. The COC may accelerate presentation of gallbladder disease in predisposed women. The COC protects against benign breast disease but may increase the risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer slightly. There is a strong link between hepatocellular adenoma and COC use, but the incidence is low. Return to fertility after use has not been a problem. Both estrogenic adverse effects (nausea, dizziness, irritability, weight gain, bloating) and progestogenic adverse effects (vaginal dryness, acne, hirsutism, weight gain, depression, loss of libido) can occur in 50% of women, but these generally disappear after a few months of use. In conclusion, the low-dose, third generation COCs are associated with minimal risks in the absence of other risk factors and have many beneficial effects such as the prevention of ovarian and endometrial cancer; a decrease in pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancies; and protection from anemia, primary dysmenorrhea, functional ovarian cysts, and benign breast disease as well as from the morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy.
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PMID:The combined oral contraceptive. Risks and adverse effects in perspective. 776 40

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera) is used for contraception by 8-9 million women in more than 90 countries, including the US, as of January 1993. Pharmacologically active levels of DMPA persist for 3-4 months following injection. A 150 mg dose is used most often for high contraceptive efficacy every 3 months. Norethindrone enanthate (NET-EN, Noristerat) is somewhat less widely used and is not marketed in the US. Injectables act primarily by inhibiting ovulation, lowering the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Approximately 50% of women using DMPA for 1 year report amenorrhea whose occurrence is less frequent with NET-EN. Menstrual changes are the most frequent causes of discontinuation of injectables. In cases of heavy bleeding it is appropriate to undergo gynecological examination to rule out unrelated conditions, such as vaginitis, cervicitis, or cervical lesions. The use of conjugated estrogen (12.5-2.5 mg daily) for 10-21 days will minimize bleeding. Some women using injectables experience headache, dizziness, bloating of the abdomen or breast, and mood changes. Long-term use of DMPA or NET-EN can often result in 1-3 kg weight gain. The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives was launched in 1979 to examine cancer risks with the use of DMPA in Thailand, Mexico, and Kenya. The relative risk of breast cancer was 1.21, which was statistically not significant. In women diagnosed with breast cancer under age 35, short-term exposure to DMPA was associated with a slightly increased breast cancer risk, which, however, was not associated with duration of use. DMPA dramatically lowers the risk of endometrial cancer for at least eight years following discontinuation of its use. DMPA did not alter the risk of cervical cancer. Fertility returns in 70% of former users within 12 months; it is suitable for postpartum and lactating women, and provides other noncontraceptive benefits.
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PMID:Injectable contraception: the USA perspective. 1234 20

Small cell carcinomas are well-recognized tumors known to occur predominantly in the lung. These neoplasms are occasionally associated with a variety of paraneoplastic syndromes. Four cases of paraneoplastic glomerulopathy associated with small cell lung carcinoma have been reported. However, there have been no reports in the literature indicating an association between endometrial small cell carcinoma and paraneoplastic glomerulopathy. We report a case of neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the endometrium associated with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), which appeared to be a component of an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome. A 33-year-old multiparous woman presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding and abdominal bloating. Endometrial biopsy revealed neuroendocrine small-cell carcinoma of the endometrium. On the eighth day of hospitalization the patient suddenly developed renal failure. Renal biopsy revealed MGN, probably due to tumor-antigen-related immune complex deposition. Small cell carcinoma of the endometrium may be associated with paraneoplastic MGN. Medical staff should take into account the possibility of a preexisting glomerular injury when managing a patient with small cell carcinoma of the endometrium.
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PMID:Rare case of neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the endometrium with paraneoplastic membranous glomerulonephritis. 1284 76