Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The majority of women experience a variety of symptoms at the time of the menopause, but these are frequently regarded as being unworthy of management by their doctors. Recent reports of a possible association between exogenous oestrogens and endometrial carcinoma have increased professional reluctance to prescribe oestrogens for menopausal symptoms. This report describes the initial 50 patients who have attended a special clinic established to manage symptomatic menopausal women; common complaints included hot flushes, lack of energy, altered temperament, dyspareunia and headache. Oestrogen therapy was effective in the alleviation of symptoms and the practical aspects of oestrogen use are discussed. It is recommended that with due recognition of its potential complications, oestrogen therapy should be made available to symptomatic menopausal women, and that it requires further study in regard to its place in the long-term prophylaxis of osteoporosis.
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PMID:Oestrogens and menopausal and postmenopausal women. 19 65

The gonadal steroids--estrogens and androgens--appear to have a mood-elevating, psychotonic effect. The improved sense of well-being and increased vigor probably is engendered by restoration of somatic efficiency and psychic equilibrium. 1. The male climacteric, as observed in a limited number of men, is associated with a low level of serum testosterone. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are not elevated because estrogen concentration continues unaltered well into old age. Androgen replacement therapy often lessens fatigue, depression and headaches, and headaches, and improves libidinous drives. 2. In the aging female, many climatric symptoms other than those due to vasomotor instability were heretofore considered merely coincidental. Recent studies suggest that the metabolism of cerebral hormones is markedly influenced by endogenous and exogenous gonadal steroids. Thus, postmenopausal depression, headaches, and nervousness may be hormone-dependent symptoms. 3. The incidence of endometrial cancer is no greater and is probably less in estrogen-treated women than in women not treated with estrogen, if regular cyclic courses of an oral progestogen are added to the regimen.
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PMID:Update on the male and female climateric. 48 57

A phase I multicenter evaluation of a novel antiestrogen, toremifene, was undertaken in postmenopausal women with various advanced difficult-to-treat malignancies. One hundred and seven women were treated at one of six dosage levels (10, 20, 40, 60, 200, or 400 mg/d orally) for at least 8 weeks. Weekly evaluations for toxicity were conducted. The most common side effects were nausea (31%), vomiting (12%), and hot flashes (29%). Five patients were removed from the study for possible adverse reactions: three patients experienced hypercalcemia; one experienced tremulousness, fatigue, and inability to think clearly; and one had vaginal bleeding. Twelve patients died while on study, 11 with disease progression and one with a pulmonary embolus. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels increased and there was a modest decline in serum antithrombin III levels. Four of 48 assessable patients had partial responses: three with breast cancer and one with endometrial cancer. Toremifene was generally well tolerated at the doses tested.
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PMID:Phase I study of toremifene in patients with advanced cancer. 183 8

Recombinant interferon alpha-2 (Sch 30500) was administered to 29 patients with advanced gynecological cancers (14 patients with cancer of the cervix, 8 with ovarian cancer, 4 with uterine sarcoma, 2 with endometrial cancer and 1 with unclassified cancer). No antitumor effects (CR and PR) were noted in 23 evaluable patients. Side effects observed were fever, tachycardia, diarrhea, chills, general fatigue, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. In some patients, leukopenia, decrease of hemoglobin and elevation of SGOT and SGPT were observed. No production of antibody for Sch 30500 was noted.
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PMID:[Clinical study of recombinant interferon alpha-2 (Sch 30500) in advanced gynecological cancers]. 389 57

Human fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta) was given 13 cases of advanced gynecological cancers. Eight patients, who were clinically evaluable, were reported as follows; Patients consisted of ovarian adenocarcinoma (5), cervical adenocarcinoma (1), endometrial carcinoma (1) and tubal carcinoma (1). Route of administration was intravenous in 5 cases and intratumorous in 3 cases. IFN-beta dose ranged from 2, 650 X 10(4) to 10, 620 X 10(4) units. Clinical effects according to Koyama - Saitoh 's category was progressive disease (PD) in 7 cases and minor response (MR) only in one case who received intratumorous injection for recurrent tumor mass of tubal carcinoma in vaginal stump. Side effects of IFN-beta were chill and fever, fatigue and anorexia, leucocyte--and thrombocyte-- penia and hepatic dysfunction, though they were mild in grade and not dose-limiting factors. No anti-IFN-beta-antibodies were detected in any cases.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of human fibroblast interferon in advanced gynecological cancers]. 673 54

Both preponderance as well as underweight normally starts in childhood and puberty and hurt the fate of young women mostly a life long. Weight and fat tissue as an energy storage regulates through the hormone Leptin appetite, food intake and therefore the energy reserves. With this hormone exist a common pathophysiological regulation unit, which causes in case of preponderance an increased, in case of underweight a decreased cyclus activity. Besides short term influences (like the development of the PCO-syndrome and/or fatigue fractures) the long-term consequences especially the accumulation of the visceral fat, the cardio-vascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, type-II-diabetes, mammary- and endometrial carcinoma play a special role. On the other hand chronic underweight very frequently leads through chronic estrogen defect to osteopenia, osteoporosis and therefore to cyclus disturbances, sterility and osteoporosis. A simple finding like weight, has thus an important predictive quality for later illnesses and their prevention.
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PMID:[The overweight and underweight girl: from findings to prevention]. 1207 Jul 92

Progestins in oral contraceptives (OCs) produce potential complications, as well as noncontraceptive benefits, according to Robert A. Hatcher, MD, MPH, professor of gynecology and obstetrics, Emory University Medical School. Hatcher told CTU that lowering the progestin content in an OC may decrease complications, but could also decrease the benefits experienced by women. "The extent to which that will happen remains to be seen," he said. Hatcher cited the following potential complications of progestins in OC: hypertension; decreased levels of high density lipoproteins; acne; oily skin; headaches between pill cycles; dilated leg veins; pelvic congestion syndrome; thrombosis of superficial leg veins; gallstones; Monilia vaginitis; cholestatic jaundice; and depression, fatigue, and decreased libido. Progestins, according to Hatcher, also produce these noncontraceptive benefits: protection against PID; decreased dysmenorrhea; decreased menstrual blood loss, decreased iron deficiency anemia; protection against endometrial cancer; protection against fibrocystic breast disease, and fibroadenomas of the breast; decreased bleeding from fibroids; decreased growth of fibroids. When ovulation is suppressed, Hatcher emphasized, additional benefits that may occur include the following: decreased risk of functional ovarian cysts; elimination of mittleschmerz pain; decreased rick of ovarian cancer; protection against endometriosis.
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PMID:Potential risks, benefits of progestins in birth control pills outlined. 1231 83

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, sargramostim [Leukine]) is a powerful cytokine that is able to stimulate the generation of dendritic cells. Adjuvant treatment with continuous low-dose GM-CSF has been shown to prolong survival of stage III/IV melanoma patients. Data on continuous low-dose GM-CSF therapy in tumors other than prostate cancer are still lacking. This pilot trial was initiated in order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of continuous low-dose GM-CSF as salvage in various chemotherapy-refractory carcinomas. A total of 19 patients who had failed a median of 4 prior chemotherapies were included. Their malignancies included metastatic breast cancer, recurrent ovarian carcinoma, metastatic endometrial carcinoma, and recurrent squamous cell cancer of the cervix uteri. Continuous low-dose GM-CSF was delivered subcutaneously at a daily starting dose of 125 microg. GM-CSF was increased at 25-microg increments until a maximum of 250 microg was reached or when mild leukocytosis (10-20 g/L) was achieved, providing that the relative eosinophil count did not exceed 15%. Therapy was continued until progression or refusal by the patient. Toxicity was generally mild. Only one patient was withdrawn due to grade 3 fatigue. In three additional patients, temporary dose reduction was necessary because of grade 1 injection site reactions, which recovered spontaneously. Mild to moderate leukocytosis was obvious in 10 patients. Systemic hypersensitivity-like reactions did not occur and no patient required hospitalization for other life-threatening side effects. The objective response rate was 37%: 1 complete and 6 partial responses, 4 disease stabilizations, 8 progression of disease. Median response duration was 6 months. Notably, 6 of 7 responders but only 1 of 8 patients with disease progression developed leukocytosis during therapy. Therefore, we conclude that continuous low-dose GM-CSF has substantial activity in heavily pretreated patients with either metastatic breast cancer or female genital tract cancer. Achievement of mild leukocytosis seems to be a predictor of response.
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PMID:Continuous low-dose GM-CSF as salvage therapy in refractory recurrent breast or female genital tract carcinoma. 1593 97

PURPOSE Studies on quality of life (QOL) among women with endometrial cancer have shown that patients who undergo pelvic radiotherapy report lower role functioning and more diarrhea and fatigue. In the Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Cancer (PORTEC) trial, patients with endometrial carcinoma were randomly assigned to receive external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or vaginal brachytherapy (VBT). QOL was evaluated by using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and subscales from the prostate cancer module, PR-25, and the ovarian cancer module, OV-28. PATIENTS AND METHODS PORTEC-2 accrued 427 patients between 2002 and 2006, of whom 214 were randomly assigned to EBRT, and 213 were randomly assigned to VBT. Three-hundred forty-eight patients (81%) were evaluable for QOL. QOL outcomes were analyzed at a median follow-up of 2 years. Results At baseline after surgery, patient functioning was at the lowest level, and it increased during and after radiotherapy to reach a plateau after 12 months. Patients in the VBT group reported better social functioning (P < .002) and lower symptom scores for diarrhea, fecal leakage, the need to stay close to the toilet, and limitation in daily activities because of bowel symptoms (P < .001). At baseline, 15% of patients were sexually active; this increased significantly to 39% during the first year (P < .001). Sexual functioning and symptoms did not differ between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION Patients who received EBRT reported significantly higher levels of diarrhea and bowel symptoms. This resulted in a higher need to remain close to a toilet and, as a consequence, more limitation of daily activities because of bowel symptoms and decreased social functioning. Vaginal brachytherapy provides a better QOL, and should be the preferred treatment from a QOL perspective.
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PMID:Quality of life after pelvic radiotherapy or vaginal brachytherapy for endometrial cancer: first results of the randomized PORTEC-2 trial. 1954 4

Small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of neuroendocrine type is an uncommon tumor of the endometrium. No previous report has documented Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production by SCC of the endometrium. We describe a 56-year-old Japanese woman with SCC of the endometrium and multiple lung metastases presenting as Cushing's syndrome. The patient was referred to our hospital because of general fatigue with facial and leg edema, and multiple nodular lesions in the bilateral lungs on chest X-ray examination. A physical examination revealed that the patient had moon face, buffalo hump, and truncal obesity. Endocrinological examinations confirmed ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Thoracic computed tomography imaging showed multiple nodular lesions in the bilateral lungs. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging suggested a malignant tumor of the uterus. The patient received a lung tumor biopsy and surgical hysterectomy. The endometrial carcinoma was histologically a SCC admixed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The SCC of the endometrium showed immunoreactivity for pro-opiomelanocortin, ACTH, and vimentin, but not for thyroid transcription factor-1. The lung biopsy specimen had the same features. These findings indicated that the SCC originated from the endometrium, and the ectopic ACTH-producing tumor caused Cushing's syndrome. This study provides the evidence that SCC of endometrial origin was an ectopic ACTH-producing tumor causing Cushing's syndrome.
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PMID:Small-cell carcinoma of the endometrium presenting as Cushing's syndrome. 1983 52


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