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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A model endometrial cell differentiation is being proposed. It is in agreement with the available information on the concentrations of female sex steroid receptors in the human endometrium and the effects of estradiol and progesterone during the normal menstrual cycle. The scheme is extended to include endometrial carcinoma as a derangement of normal cell differentiation. Evidence is cited, from various studied on estradiol and progesterone receptor measurements and hormone responses of human endometrial carcinoma, in support of this hypothesis. This concept provides a rational basis for the selection of patients for hormonal (progestin) therapy.
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PMID:Endometrial carcinoma: an aberration of endometrial cell differentiation. 725 33

In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has tended to increase gradually in Japan. Most cases (early cancer of stage I and II) are treated by hysterectomy alone, and the prognosis has been relatively good. From analysis of the poor prognostic factors in endometrial cancer, we understood that additional therapy is necessary for patients who have the following factors: degree of differentiation: G3; invasion to > 1/2 myometrium; metastases to pelvic or para-aortic lymph node, isthumus-cervix extension; surgical stage III and more. However, for patients with advanced inoperable and recurrent cancer, a radiotherapy, is not so sensitive to endometrial cancer has been used. A first line establish a chemotherapy has not been established either. Various attempts have been made to establish a chemotherapy for endometrial cancer. As a result, adriamycin (ADR) and cisplatin (CDDP) have proved effective as single agents. For patients with early cancer who have the poor prognostic factors mentional above, irradiation and polychemotherapy regimens (CAP and AP) are effective. Since the progression of endometrial cancer is dependent on sex steroid hormones, antitumor effects of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are expected to be effective for patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive cancer, or with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1 type) histologically. Although several forms of therapy are capable of inducing objective remission as adjuvant treatment, all treatment for advanced and recurrent disease remains palliative, and responses and survival for patients treated with irradiation and chemotherapy remain short. Furthermore, we should examine new methods such as new drug application of key drugs like ADR and Pt pharmaceutical preparation, improvement of Dose intensity of the key drugs and Biochemical modulation, CPT-11, Taxol and assembly of key drugs, along with the Circadian approach in the light of Biochronology.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of uterine endometrial cancer]. 766 68

A moderately-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line(EI) was established from a surgical specimens obtained from a 55-year-old woman with endometrial carcinoma. This cell line could be transplanted to nude mice, where the cells showed the same histological type as the primary tumor. The doubling time of the cell line was 50.5 hours; the saturation density was 7.5 x 104 cells/cm2; the plating efficiency was 46%. This cell line was determined to produce TPA, but not other tumor markers, such as CA125 or CEA. Neither estrogen receptor, nor progesterone receptor was detected from the culture cell or the primary tumor. Chromosome analysis revealed that cells examined were all 46,XX, + 8,t(14q14q), and only cells with this karyotype were thought to be able to grow. From these results, it was suggested that a gene on No. 8 chromosome would be involved in the carcinogenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Thus this cell line was thought to be useful for the clarification of gene conversion during the process of development of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of the new cell line (EI) from a human endometrial adenocarcinoma]. 766 52

The endometrial carcinoma cell lines EC-MZ-1, 2, 3, 5, 9, and 11 were established between 1986 and 1990. Four cell cultures were started from endometrial tissue, one from ascites, and one from a lymph node metastasis. Lines have to date been subcultured up to 180 times and the doubling time varies between 26 hr and 3 weeks. Immunocytochemically the coexpression of cytokeratin (predominantly simple-epithelial cytokeratin polypeptides) and vimentin intermediate filaments was detectable in all cell lines, but three lines (EC-MZ-5, 9, 11) expressed vimentin only at low level. By transmission electron microscopy the tumor cells exhibited features of epithelial differentiation. After subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice three lines (EC-MZ-1, 2, 5) produced slow-growing tumors. The histological classification of these tumors ranged from moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma to undifferentiated carcinoma and closely corresponded to the original tumor. Even after long-term in vitro culture, without any addition of estrogens to the culture medium, the moderately differentiated receptor-positive cell line (EC-MZ-2) retained its morphological differentiation. The cells were propagated without estrogens in the culture medium. The estrogen and progesterone receptor levels of cultured cells were determined. Three lines (EC-MZ-1, 2, 3) were positive for the progesterone receptor in low passage number only, the other cell lines were negative for both receptors. The transplantable lines were investigated for hormonal receptor expression in ovariectomized nude mice. In the moderately differentiated cell line (EC-MZ-2) we observed an enhanced expression of the estrogen receptor under optimal stimulation of the nude mouse with estradiol benzoate. There was no effect on the expression of the progesterone receptor.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of six new human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines. 768 7

The concentration of the lysosomal protease Cathepsin D was tested by means of RIA. We used the cytosols of 44 endometrial carcinoma tissue specimens and of the corresponding normal endometrial tissues (n = 42) obtained from the respective uteri after hysterectomy. All patients were in postmenopausal stage. A significant higher level of Cathepsin D expression was found in endometrial carcinoma (median value = 24.2 pmol/mg) compared to normal endometrium (median value = 11.4 pmol/mg). No difference in Cathepsin D concentration was found in relation to grade of histological differentiation (G1 vs. G2/G3), depth of myometrial invasion and tumor stage (stage IA vs. IB/IC vs. > I) as well as state of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). After an average follow-up period of 18 months there was no significant difference in survival rate of operated patients depending on Cathepsin D concentration. However, the prognostic significance of this parameter need to be evaluated after a long-term follow-up. The overexpression of Cathepsin D seems to be important for exact biologic characterization of each endometrial carcinoma with respect to local proteolytic activity. The enhanced activity of cathepsin D may therefore serve as an additional objective malignancy criterion independent of the well-known prognostic factors.
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PMID:[The prognostic value of cathepsin D in endometrial carcinoma]. 774 Aug 49

Uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC), an aggressive histologic variant of endometrial cancer, is particularly resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy. In reviewing a group of patients treated with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, we were surprised to find that 90% of specimens tested by biochemical analysis were positive for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or both. To further study receptor content and localization, we performed immunocytochemical analysis (ICA) on 29 archival UPSC specimens. In ER studies, three specimens were unevaluable because of inadequate internal controls; of the remaining 26, only two were ER positive, showing weak, focal staining. In PR studies, 18 samples had adequate controls, and all tumor specimens were receptor negative. Corresponding biochemical ER data were available for 11 cases, of which 10 were ER positive. ICA, however, showed all 10 to be negative. Biochemical PR data were available for seven samples: Six were positive. All six biochemically positive PR specimens were PR negative when analyzed by ICA. Biochemical assays for ER and PR may overestimate positivity as a result of contamination with normal tissue or the presence of receptor-positive typical endometrial adenocarcinoma in tumors of mixed histology. ICA may eliminate this problem, but it has technical limitations, especially when used for archival tissue analysis. Because urinary papillary serous carcinoma appears to be a receptor-negative tumor, further evaluation of hormonal therapy is not likely to be beneficial.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical analysis of uterine papillary serous carcinomas for estrogen and progesterone receptors. 800 33

Specimens from 344 cases of endometrial carcinoma, 289 cases of ovarian carcinoma, 177 cases of cervical carcinoma, 10 vulva and 4 fallopian tube carcinoma were assayed for cytosol estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) contents with dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method. Positive rates of ER and PR in these malignant tumors in relation to menstrual cycle, histological differentiation, clinical stage and prognosis of disease were studied. The results suggested that the contents of ER and PR may play a role in building endocrine therapy and prognosis in the postoperative period. Further study on vulvar and fallopian tube carcinomas should be undertaken.
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PMID:[Cytosol estrogen and progesterone receptors in female genital system malignant tumors]. 803 16

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) includes a spectrum of lesions with unclear malignant potential. To examine the association between the most advanced forms of hyperplasia and the occurrence of endometrial cancer, we compared the findings of endometrial biopsies or curettings with the subsequent hysterectomy specimens in 44 women who underwent hysterectomy for "atypical" EH in the 39-month period from January 1, 1989 through April 1, 1992. Endometrial cancer was found in 19 (43%) of 44 hysterectomy specimens obtained within a mean of 10 weeks of uterine sampling. Myometrial invasion was present in 17 (89%) of the 19 specimens with cancer, while significant myometrial invasion (FIGO Stage IC or higher) was present in 7 (37%), and 4 (21%) were Grade 2 or higher. Preoperative sampling method and type of atypical hyperplasia (simple vs complex) were not significantly associated with the finding of cancer at hysterectomy. Although over one-third of the cancers found were in the less than 50 age group, an age of 70 or greater was significantly associated with cancer at hysterectomy (P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). In a limited set of hysterectomy specimens for which estrogen and progesterone receptor status was assayed (n = 11), there was no significant difference between the invasive cancer and EH subsets. Our findings suggest that women who are candidates for hysterectomy on the basis of atypical EH should be carefully evaluated for the possibility of advanced disease. The specimens in these circumstances should be opened upon removal to determine if myometrial invasion is present and if further surgical staging is indicated.
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PMID:Invasive endometrial cancer in uteri resected for atypical endometrial hyperplasia. 815 94

The development of endometrial cancer is a potential risk during long-term tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. In order to protect the uterus, progestin treatment has been proposed for these patients. However, within the 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary model, progesterone is known to reverse the antitumor effects of tamoxifen. This study shows that progesterone administered intermittently still reverses the antitumor effects of tamoxifen in this model. This effect of progesterone is not due to a decrease in the tissue levels of tamoxifen, and may be direct, via the progesterone receptor.
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PMID:The effects of intermittent progesterone upon tamoxifen inhibition of tumor growth in the 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene rat mammary tumor model. 831 87

Little data exist on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-Rs) in human endometrial cancer. EGF-R status was studied in 65 patients with endometrial carcinomas and in 26 women with nonmalignant postmenopausal endometria, either inactive/atrophic endometrium or adenomatous hyperplasia. EGF-R was identified on frozen tissue sections by means of an indirect immunoperoxidase technique with a monoclonal antibody against the external domain of the EGF-R. Seventy-one percent of the carcinomas expressed positive EGF-R immunoreactivity. In general, staining was most prominent at the cell membranes, with a varying pattern in individual carcinomas. EGF-R expression was not correlated with histologic grade, surgical stage, or estrogen/progesterone receptor status evaluated immunohistochemically or biochemically in adjacent tissue sections of the tumor. Ten of 13 (77%) atrophic/inactive endometria and seven of 13 (54%) endometria with adenomatous hyperplasia were EGF-R positive, with an immunostaining pattern rather similar to that of the carcinomas.
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PMID:Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in human endometrial carcinoma. 834 61


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