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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A test is described for the evaluation of hormone sensitivity of endometrial cancer in vivo. The concentrations of progesterone and estradiol receptors, and the activities of ornithine-decarboxylase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxido-reductase enzymes have been measured in the tumor, before and after administration of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen. The responses observed, in particular the increase of progesterone receptor, could allow a more rational approach to hormonal therapy of endometrial cancer.
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PMID:[Response to an antiestrogen as a criterion for hormonal sensitivity of endometrial cancer]. 11 15

The histologic grade of endometrial carcinoma is compared with the quantitation of both estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins. 58 patients of 100 consecutive cases of endometrial neoplasia seen at Duke University Medical Center had adequate tissue for complete evaluation. The study covered a 22-month period from September 1, 1976 to July 1, 1978. The patient population ranged in age from 28-92 years and had both locally invasive and metastatic endometrial neoplasia. Receptor content was determined by multiple concentration saturation analysis and sucrose density gradient analysis. A positive correlation was found between the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and the degree of tumor differentiation. 85% of well-differentiated lesions contained significant amounts of both steroid receptor proteins while only 13% of poorly differentiated lesions were characterized by the presence of detectable levels of both estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins. Attention is directed to the relationship of receptor content and degree of differentiation to prognosis and potential for response to hormonal therapy.
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PMID:Correlation of estrogen and progesterone receptors with histologic differentiation in endometrial adenocarcinoma. 46 18

Three topics are briefly reviewed relating to carcinogenesis of estrogen responsive tissues: (a) enzymology of benzo(a)pyrene activation by human tissues, (b) microsomal activation of estrogens to estrogen arene oxides and (c) estrogen and progesterone receptor studies in endometrial carcinoma. The following working hypothesis is stated on the etiology of gynecologic tumors: "Environmental chemicals, such as cigarette smoke, polycyclic and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, etc., induce special forms of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase and related enzyme systems which can activate endogenous or prescribed estrogens and non-steroid antiestrogens to act as initiators and/or promoters of neoplasia in estrogen-dependent organs." The role of estrogen receptors is perceived as a homing device or cellular "Trojan Horse" for these activated estrogens.
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PMID:Carcinogen activation by human uterine enzymes. 46 42

HER-2/neu oncogene protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, progesterone receptor, and estrogen receptor were examined immunohistochemically in specimens of normal and neoplastic endometrium. Tissues obtained at the time of hysterectomy were snap-frozen at liquid nitrogen temperature and serially sectioned at 4 microns. Normal endometrial epithelial cells stained with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor and anti-HER-2/neu with intensities graded from 0 to 3+. Of the 49 endometrial malignancies studied, seven (14%) contained tissue exhibiting HER-2/neu staining in excess (4+) of any of the normal tissues or the other 42 cancer specimens. Expression of both HER-2/neu and steroid receptors was heterogeneous within these seven tumors. To examine this heterogeneity more closely, sections of these and other tumors were double-stained for HER-2/neu and progesterone receptor. It was found that the cells exhibiting 4+ HER-2/neu staining were progesterone receptor-negative. Conversely, cells that were progesterone receptor-positive within the same specimen exhibited HER-2/neu immunostaining equal to or less than 3+. All specimens containing 4+ HER-2/neu tissue were graded 1 or 2 adenocarcinomas, stage I. Thus, there is an inverse relationship between overexpression of HER-2/neu and progesterone receptor in endometrial cancer. On the other hand, overexpression of HER-2/neu in endometrial cancer does not seem to be related to loss of other differentiated characteristics. The prognostic value of these observations awaits continued study.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of HER-2/neu, epidermal growth factor receptor, and steroid receptor expression in normal and malignant endometrium. 134 72

Three hundred and twenty-seven patients with endometrial carcinoma stage I-II were all followed for at least 5 years. The estradiol receptor concentrations were measured in 298 tumors. In 272 cases the progesterone receptor concentrations were measured as well. Both receptors were significant prognostic factors measured as 5 year survival rate. In a Cox regression test stage, degree of differentiation, myometrial invasion and age remained as independent significant factors. Progesterone receptor concentrations were almost significant in a two-sided test including all degrees of differentiation but were significant (p = 0.04) when only poorly differentiated tumors were included. Thus PgR concentrations were used only on poorly differentiated tumors. The patients could be divided into a high risk group (deep myometrial invasion), an intermediate risk group (poorly differentiated carcinomas without deep myometrial invasion but with a low progesterone receptor concentration) and a low risk group (the remaining) with 5 year survival rated of 61%, 80% and 96% respectively.
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PMID:5-year survival rate in endometrial carcinoma stage I-II related to steroid receptor concentration, degree of differentiation, age and myometrial invasion. 158 May 59

To study hormone responsive genes in differentiated epithelial cells and as a model for endometrial carcinoma, lines were established from primary rat endometrial cells by infection with replication-defective retroviruses carrying oncogenes and the selectable gene neo. The initial step involved immortalization through the large T antigen of SV40 to generate a line we designate RENT4, or with the E1a gene of adenovirus to generate lines referred to as RENE1 and RENE2. Additionally, lines generated by large T antigen of SV40 were superinfected with a replication-defective retrovirus harboring the v-Ha-ras oncogene and selected by the ability to form colonies in soft agar. The latter cell lines appeared fully transformed and were designated RENTR01 and RENTR03. Five established lines were characterized for steroid hormone receptors, alkaline phosphatase activity and their complement of the intermediate filaments vimentin and cytokeratin. With the exception of the RENE1 cells all other lines have normal levels of glucocorticoid receptor, whereas only RENE1, RENE2 and RENT4 were positive for the progesterone receptor. RENTR01, RENTR03 and, to a lesser extent, RENE1 exhibited differential expression of cytokeratins dependent upon whether the cells were grown on a substrata of NIH3T3 cells. When grown on formalin-fixed NIH3T3 cells, RENTR01 and RENTR03 cells appeared to differentiate or rearrange themselves in culture. Individual islands of cells showed a heterogeneous pattern of intermediate filaments with vimentin-positive cells localized to the outer portion of the islands whereas cytokeratin-positive cells are seen on the insides of these structures.
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PMID:Establishment of rat endometrial cell lines by retroviral mediated transfer of immortalizing and transforming oncogenes. 169 89

One hundred eighty-three patients with endometrial carcinoma had both immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content of the tumor. Biochemical analysis was done on a homogenate of uterine curettings; immunohistochemical stainings were done on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. The biochemical method was scored quantitatively and the immunohistochemical, in a semiquantitative way. There was a significant correlation between the immunohistochemical categories of the malignant component of the tumor and the biochemical levels of receptor content (P = 0.0001). The sensitivity of the immunohistochemical method for the ER content was 78.5% and the specificity was 58.2%. The sensitivity for the PR was 52.5% and the specificity was 92.8%. Changing cut-off levels for positivity of the biochemical analysis changed the sensitivity and specificity. Survival was predicted by the immunohistochemical status of the ER (P = 0.001) and PR (P = 0.01). Similarly, it was predicted by the biochemical receptor status. Multivariate analysis of the immunohistochemical receptor status and the biochemical receptor status showed that the immunohistochemically determined estrogen status was the most significant predictor of survival (P = 0.001). The immunohistochemical analysis of sex steroid receptor status on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is not only possible and practical, but also predicts survival.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of estrogen and progesterone receptor content in 183 patients with endometrial carcinoma. Part II: Correlation between biochemical and immunohistochemical methods and survival. 169 30

We previously demonstrated the estrogen-like effects of tamoxifen on the acceleration of growth and increased progesterone receptor concentrations of human endometrial carcinomas grown in the nude mouse experimental model. In our current study the modulation of protooncogene expression by 17 beta-estradiol and tamoxifen in human endometrial carcinomas was investigated. The protooncogenes investigated in this study were c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, N-myc, HER-2/neu, c-erbB, c-fms, and c-Ha-ras. Among those we found that c-fos expression was induced by 17 beta-estradiol in the following 17 beta-estradiol-sensitive tumors: EnCa-101 and EnCa-X. The induction was apparent within 1 hour, reached peak level at 2 hours (16-fold), and remained constant up to 4 hours. The c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid returned to prestimulation level by 12 hours. Tamoxifen also stimulated c-fos expression, the expression pattern being similar to that of 17 beta-estradiol albeit of a lesser degree. The messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts for other protooncogenes tested did not show significant changes during hormonal manipulation. The induction of c-fos expression by tamoxifen is consistent with its estrogen-like effect on endometrial carcinoma growth.
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PMID:Both 17 beta-estradiol and tamoxifen induce c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid expression in human endometrial carcinoma grown in nude mice. 128 91

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) assays were performed by direct fluorescent histochemical methods in 20 endometrial carcinomas and 9 endometria of para-carcinomas. ER + and PR + were found in the patients who had not received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapies. In 4 adenosquamous carcinomas, the contents of ER and PR of adenocarcinoma components were higher than those of squamous carcinoma components. Blocking tests proved the specificity of ER and PR for estradiol and progesterone respectively. The levels of ER and PR in endometria of para-carcinomas were higher than those in carcinomas. There were higher levels of ER and PR in early clinical stage than in advanced stage, in cases free from cervical involvement than in cases cervical involvement, and in well differentiated carcinomas than in poorly differentiated carcinomas. ER and PR contents did not correlate with the depth of myometrial invasion or menopausal status. In the patient group followed up for half a year or more, 4 patients with high-level ER and PR had a good response to 17 alpha-progesterone caprate. The patients with ER + and PR + had a longer survival period than those with ER- and PR-. Our results indicated that the assay of ER and PR might be valuable for predicting the response to endocrine therapy and prognosis for patients with endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Relation between the levels of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and clinicopathological status in human endometrial carcinomas]. 177 41

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1BE12 has recently been reported to react with several human normal and abnormal tissues. In human endometrium, it reacts more strongly with carcinomas than with normal tissue. To investigate the effectiveness of MAb 1BE12 in identifying cell proliferation in human endometrial cancers, 1BE12 immunocytochemical assays (ICAs) were performed on frozen (n = 47) and paraffin (n = 100) sections with subsequent computer-assisted microcytophotometric (SAMBA) evaluation of immunoprecipitate distribution. MAb 1BE12 immunoreactivity was not impaired by tissue fixation and paraffin embedding. It reacted with normal proliferative endometrium but not with normal secretory endometrium, and immunoreactivity increased with the degree of cell proliferation and malignancy, the amount of immunostaining being greater in invasive carcinomas than in normal proliferative endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia. ICAs showed no correlation between MAb 1BE12 immunoreactivity and estrogen and progesterone receptor antigenic sites. On the other hand, MAb 1BE12 staining in frozen sections increased with Ki67, EGFR, pHER-2/neu, and cathepsin immunostaining. These findings suggest that ICAs on frozen and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens using MAb 1BE12 along with other markers can be useful for early detection and grading of endometrial carcinoma. The relevance of MAb 1BE12 to the selection of patients for laser ablation of the endometrium rather than hysterectomy is also discussed.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody 1BE12 immunoreactivity with human endometrium. Correlations with hormone receptors and proliferation cell markers. 177 9


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