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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A high incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma and pre-neoplastic lesions was induced in ICR mice treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and 17 beta-oestradiol within 23 weeks. The endometrial lesions were histopathologically similar to those of human subjects. To assess the cell proliferative activity of these lesions, a one-step silver colloid staining for nucleolar organizer regions was applied and the numbers of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were counted. The mean numbers +/- SD of AgNORs in each lesion were as follows: simple hyperplasia, 2.07 +/- 0.36; complex hyperplasia without cytological atypia, 2.79 +/- 0.39; complex hyperplasia with cytological atypia, 3.43 +/- 0.38; and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 4.17 +/- 0.40. Significant differences were observed in each lesion (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the mean numbers of Ag-NORs are increased in the progression of neoplastic changes in the mouse endometrium, as in human endometrial lesions. This rapid induction model of endometrial carcinoma in mice is useful in the understanding of the histogenesis of endometrial carcinoma in human subjects.
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PMID:Changes of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions in mouse endometrial carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and 17 beta-oestradiol. 145 90

We have examined the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OH-TAM) on the cell proliferation and the expression of TGF-alpha and TGF-beta genes in Ishikawa cells and HEC-50 human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. The effects of exogenous TGF-alpha, TGF-beta and anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody on cell proliferation were also determined. Antisense oligonucleotides were used to determine the effects of endogenous expression of TGF-alpha and TGF-beta. In both cell lines, MPA resulted in a time and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation whereas OH-TAM had no effect on HEC-50 cell proliferation. The relative abundance of TGF-alpha mRNA was significantly reduced by MPA in Ishikawa cells but not in HEC-50 cells. In Ishikawa cells, a reduction in TGF-alpha mRNA abundance was observed with OH-TAM under conditions where both inhibition and stimulation of cell proliferation were demonstrated. Anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody inhibited Ishikawa cell growth but had little effect on HEC-50 cell proliferation. Exogenous TGF-alpha stimulated proliferation of both cell lines whereas exogenous TGF-beta inhibited proliferation of Ishikawa cells but stimulated proliferation of HEC-50 cells. Antisense oligonucleotides to TGF-beta inhibited proliferation of HEC-50 cells. From these data we conclude that the antiproliferative effects of progestins and OH-TAM on endometrial cancer cells appear to be mediated by different mechanisms.
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PMID:Regulation of transforming growth factor gene expression in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. 153 2

While antiestrogens are useful agents in the treatment of breast cancer, the usefulness of these agents in the treatment of endometrial cancer remains controversial. There is some concern that the currently available antiestrogens may have partial agonist activity in uterine tissue. To better understand the mechanisms by which estrogens and antiestrogens modulate growth of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells, we have compared the effects of 17-beta estradiol and three antiestrogens, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OH-TAM), ICI 164384, and LY 117018 on proliferation and transforming growth factor (TGF) mRNA accumulation in two human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines. In HEC-50 cells, neither estradiol nor anti-estrogens had any effect on cell proliferation or TGF mRNA abundance under estrogen-depleted culture conditions [basal medium containing 1% twice charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum (ctFBS)] or in the presence of estrogen (basal medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum). At very high concentrations, both estradiol and OH-TAM caused a small decrease in HEC-50 cell proliferation in medium containing 5% serum. In contrast, the antiestrogens had different effects on Ishikawa cells, depending upon the culture conditions. In medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum, the antiestrogens inhibited cell proliferation and significantly decreased TGF-alpha mRNA abundance and TGF-alpha secretion. OH-TAM was more potent than the other antiestrogens. Under these culture conditions, estradiol had no effect on cell proliferation or TGF-alpha mRNA levels but increased TGF-alpha secretion. In medium supplemented with 1% ctFBS, estradiol increased cell proliferation and TGF-alpha mRNA (2.72-fold, P less than 0.005) and TGF-alpha secretion (700 +/- 156 versus 250 +/- 23 pg/10(6) cells/24 h, P less than 0.05), whereas OH-TAM, which also stimulated cell proliferation, reduced TGF-alpha mRNA abundance (P less than 0.05) but had no significant effect on TGF-alpha secretion. Under these conditions, ICI 164384 and LY 117018 had no effect on either cell proliferation or TGF-alpha expression. Estradiol treatment decreased, whereas OH-TAM increased, epidermal growth factor receptors in Ishikawa cells. Both estradiol and the antiestrogens decreased TGF-beta 1 mRNA abundance when cells were grown in media containing 1% ctFBS. In summary, the response of human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells to estrogen and antiestrogens varied between cell lines and was dependent upon the culture conditions used. In addition, OH-TAM, unlike the other two antiestrogens tested, had growth-stimulating effects on Ishikawa cells.
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PMID:Differential effects of estrogen and antiestrogen on transforming growth factor gene expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. 155 Nov

The Authors point out the importance of histiocytes in Papanicolaou smears. Histiocytes are associated with endometrial carcinoma on tissue sections and may be seen on cervicovaginal smears as well. Smears obtained from 120 women, with clinical signs of endometrial diseases, were evaluated to determine the correlation between the presence of histiocytes in the cervicovaginal smears and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Histiocytes were quantified as minimal [less than 5 per high-power field (hpf)], moderate (5-10 hpf) or heavy (greater than 10/hpf). The histiocytes were found in smears from 80 women. Five adenocarcinomas, 9 hyperplasias were detected in 20 patients with moderate or heavy smears. The Authors conclude that the presence of histiocytes among postmenopausal women who have cervicovaginal smears should not be ignored. The data indicate that, in the absence of endometrial cells, histiocytes on cervicovaginal smears of postmenopausal women are associated with more elevated relative risk for endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Thr role of histiocytes in the cytodiagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma]. 156 86

Establishment of laboratory models of gynecologic neoplasms provides an important means of studying the biologic characteristics of these tumors. We report a previously uncharacterized human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line that produces both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous growth in nude mice. The line was derived from a poorly differentiated endometrial cancer and has been carried in continuous tissue culture for greater than 100 passages. Doubling time in culture is approximately 48 hr. Antigenic phenotyping against a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies by rosetting cell surface assay on live cells or peroxidase assay on fixed cells has shown reactivity with a number of determinants, including MH99, MT334, MQ49, and the blood group antigens F3, 118, and 41-83. Cytogenetically, the line displays an aneuploid human karyotype with several chromosomal rearrangements and deletions. When injected intraperitoneally into nude mice, animals develop intraperitoneal nodules and ascites and succumb with wasting in 30-40 days. The intraperitoneal tumor has been passaged multiple times in nude mice by direct transfer of ascites. Subcutaneous injection of tumor cells produces nodules that grow at a reproducible rate. By light and electron microscopy, the nude mouse tumor is a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, similar to the original patient's tumor. It expresses both estrogen and progesterone receptors. CA 125 is not elevated in the serum of animals with tumor implants. The line appears to be cisplatin sensitive as determined by rates of growth of subcutaneous nodules. This cell line may be useful in studying the in vitro and in vivo properties of human endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Characterization of a human endometrial carcinoma cell line producing intraperitoneal tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. 161 3

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) concentration was determined by a solid phase immunoradiometric assay in sera of 20 healthy postmenopausal women (reference group), 10 women suffering from postmenopausal bleeding with histologically confirmed cystic glandular hyperplasia, and 10 postmenopausal bleeding patients with histologically confirmed endometrial adenocarcinoma. In cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma serum TNF alpha (157.6 +/- 28 pg/ml) was found to be significantly higher than in controls (80.6 +/- 4.1 pg/ml). The rate of abnormally high values of serum TNF alpha increased with advancing stage of the disease. On the other hand, serum TNF alpha level in cases of endometrial hyperplasia (38 +/- 6 pg/ml) was significantly lower than in healthy individuals. It seems that the rise of serum TNF alpha in cases of endometrial carcinoma represents a possible mechanism of immune surveillance. The results suggest clinical usefulness of serum TNF alpha estimations for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding.
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PMID:Serum tumour necrosis factor alpha levels in benign and malignant lesions of the endometrium in postmenopausal women. A preliminary study. 163 76

Using an immunoenzymatic assay, cathepsin-D concentrations were measured in the cytosol of human endometrium biopsies. The level of cathepsin-D was higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (P less than 0.01), suggesting increased accumulation by progesterone. Induction by progestin was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of cathepsin-D from a lysate of epithelial endometrial cells previously treated in primary culture with R5020 (10 nM); estradiol (10 nM) had no effect. Immunohistochemistry showed that cathepsin-D is mainly localized in the epithelium and that its level is higher in the luteal phase. The plasma level of cathepsin-D was stable during the menstrual cycle, ranging between 2.5-10 pmol/mL, but increased slightly during pregnancy. The mean level of cathepsin-D was higher in 19 endometrial carcinoma than in 20 normal endometrium, but was not correlated with steroid receptor status. However, using 15 pmol/mg protein as a cut-off level, the cathepsin-D status (high or low) was correlated with the degree of myometrial invasion (greater than or equal to one third) by adenocarcinoma cells, whereas steroid receptor status was not. We conclude that cathepsin-D is induced by progesterone in human endometrium, as it is in normal rat uterus, and we suggest that a low concentration of cathepsin-D in the cytosol of endometrial adenocarcinoma may indicate a favorable prognosis, since it is correlated with low myometrial invasion.
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PMID:Cathepsin-D in human endometrium: induction by progesterone and potential value as a tumor marker. 168 38

The production of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) with special reference to human IGFBP-1 was evaluated in five endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines (HEC 1A, HEC 1B, KLE, RL952 and AN3CA) in continuous culture. Two of the cell lines (HEC 1B and KLE) produced immunoreactive IGFBP-1. The production was inhibited by clomiphene and progesterone, whereas estrogen, cortisol and insulin had no effect on IGFBP-1 secretion. The two cell lines which secreted immunoreactive IGFBP-1 also had IGF-I receptors, whereas the cell lines RL952 and AN3CA, not producing IGFBP-1, had no saturable IGF membrane binding sites. IGF-I receptor binding to HEC 1B and KLE cells was inhibited in the presence of purified IGFBP-1. In addition to IGFBP-1, the endometrial cancer cells secreted several other forms of IGFBPs as determined by cross-linking. Immunoprecipitation of IGF-BP complexes with a polyclonal antiserum against IGFBP-3 indicated that all cell lines secreted binding proteins antigenically related to IGFBP-3 with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 39 kDa.
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PMID:Human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines HEC 1B and KLE secrete insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and contain IGF-I receptors. 171 Sep 98

Fractional dilatation and curettage remain the most reliable methods in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma in the symptomatic patient. In the past few years hysteroscopy has become a helpful method, improving the specificity of the diagnosis of this pathology. We report a case of clinical stage IA grade 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma diagnosed by hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. Surgical staging revealed positive cytology. We suggest that irrigation of the endometrial cavity during the hysteroscopic procedure with saline may disseminate the disease to the abdominal cavity and may change the prognosis and the course of treatment.
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PMID:Retrograde seeding of endometrial carcinoma during hysteroscopy. 173 Apr 19

In this study, evidence was obtained that endothelin-1 (ET-1) is produced by an established endometrial cancer (HEC-1A) cell line. PreproET-1 mRNA is present in HEC-1A cells, and immunoreactive endothelin is secreted into the medium of these cells maintained in culture. Cycloheximide treatment of these cells caused superinduction of preproET-1 mRNA. Transforming growth factor-beta acts in these cells to increase the levels of preproET-1 mRNA. This effect of transforming growth factor-beta on preproET-1 mRNA accumulation was accompanied by an increase in the amount of immunoreactive endothelin secreted into the culture medium. ET-1, added to the culture medium, did not act as a mitogen in HEC-1A cells. We speculate that ET-1 (which is known to stimulate fibroblast proliferation) produced by endometrial adenocarcinoma cells may participate in the angiogenic process that occurs during the establishment of this carcinoma in vivo.
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PMID:Endothelin-1 gene expression and biosynthesis in human endometrial HEC-1A cancer cells. 173 42


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