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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By immunizing a mouse with HOUA-1 cells established from an endometrial cancer patient, two murine monoclonal antibodies designated 196-14 and 196-28 were generated, which were reactive with ovarian cancer-associated antigen CA125, originally defined by OC125 antibody. Antigenic determinants of these antibodies, although overlapping each other, were different from that of OC125 and the combined use of 125I-labeled 196-14 and OC125-coated beads markedly increased the sensitivity of measuring CA125 antigen. Both radioiodinated and 111In-labeled 196-14 localized well in CA125-producing human ovarian cancer tissues OVA-5 xenografted in nude mice. The biodistribution of radioiodinated 196-14 was quite different from that of 111In-labeled 196-14. Radioiodine was cleared faster from the OVA-5 tumor, making a clear contrast to the prolonged retention of 111In the tumor. Initial tumor uptake of radioiodinated 196-14 was the same as that of 111In-labeled 196-14 but decreased thereafter, due to the dehalogenation of radioiodinated antibody in the tumor. This antibody-tumor model seems to be suitable for examining the usefulness of monoclonal antibody-conjugates in the diagnosis and therapy of CA125-producing endometrial or ovarian cancers.
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PMID:An antibody-tumor model for the targeting of CA125-producing gynecologic malignancies. 212 39

Serum levels of TAG 72 were measured in 726 serum samples from patients with benign and malignant gynaecological conditions in order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of TAG 72 alone or in combination with other tumour markers. Sixty-six per cent of patients with ovarian cancer showed abnormal concentrations of TAG 72 antigen. A good correlation was also found between serial TAG 72 values and the clinical course of disease during chemotherapy and follow-up. In cervical and endometrial cancer abnormal TAG 72 values occurred in 23% and 14% of cases, while none of the patients with breast cancer had abnormal TAG 72 levels. Among patients with benign disease only one out of 12 patients (8%) with benign ovarian tumours and one of 15 patients with uterine fibromyomatosis (7%) showed high TAG 72 serum levels. However, the determination of TAG 72 did not increase the sensitivity of CA 125 and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), in ovarian and cervical cancer, respectively. The systemic administration of recombinant interferon alpha-2b to 15 patients with ovarian cancer and different basal levels of TAG 72 did not increase serum levels of the antigen.
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PMID:Serum levels of tumour associated glycoprotein (TAG 72) in patients with gynaecological malignancies. 216 24

Blood serum levels of ferritin and trophoblastic globulin were measured by immunoassay in 389 and 114 cases, respectively, suffering malignant or benign tumors of the uterus and ovary as well as in controls. Hyperferritinemia identified at serum ferritin levels in excess of 200 micrograms/l was established in 94% of cases of ovarian cancer, 57%--benign ovarian tumors, 60%--endometrial carcinoma and in 16% of patients with uterine myoma. Patients with ovarian and uterine malignancies were shown to have the highest serum ferritin levels. The study failed to establish an increase in trophoblastic globulin concentration in cases of nontrophoblastic tumors of the genitals. It is suggested that serum ferritin level be measured in patients presenting with ovarian and uterine tumors and in subjects at high risk for ovarian cancer to assure early diagnosis of disease.
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PMID:[Serum ferritin and trophoblastic globulin in genital tumors in women]. 218 Feb 8

A review of the risk of endometrial, ovarian, cervical and breast cancer in oral contraceptive users sets these neoplasms in perspective. Endometrial cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in U.S. women with 34,000 cases annually. The average women is 61 years old. Risk factors are obesity, nulliparity, late menopause and unopposed estrogens. Oral contraception for 1 year or more reduces the risk of endometrial cancer as much as 50%, more so for nulliparous women, and this protection lasts as long as 10 years. Ovarian cancer, with a 5-year survival of only 30%, kills 11,000 women a year. Risk factors are nulliparas, late 1st pregnancy and prior breast cancer. Orals decrease the risk as much as 50%, in proportion to duration of use. Cervical cancer, now only the 6th leading cause of cancer deaths for women because of screening, is probably a venereal disease. This complicates studies on the risk of pill use, which are controversial because of confounding factors such as sexual activity, surveillance, use of barrier contraceptives, and method of grading Pap test. Breast cancer has a long list of known risk factors, but studies linking the pill are controversial, especially regarding latency. The majority of studies report a relative risk around 1.0.
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PMID:Combination oral contraceptives and cancer risk. 220 49

Autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) were administered intraperitoneally (IP) to 24 patients with malignancies limited to the peritoneal space. Ten patients had ovarian cancer, 12 had colorectal cancer, and one patient each had endometrial carcinoma and primary small-bowel adenocarcinoma. All ovarian cancer patients, three of twelve colorectal cancer patients, and one patient with endometrial carcinoma had received prior therapy. Patients received IL-2 100,000 U/kg every 8 hours intravenously (IV) for 3 days, and 2 days later underwent daily leukapheresis for 5 days. LAK cells were generated in vitro by incubating the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in IL-2 for 7 days and were then administered IP daily for 5 days through a Tenckhoff catheter (Davol, Inc, Cranston, RI) together with IL-2 25,000 U/kg IP every 8 hours. All but one patient completed at least one cycle of therapy. Toxic side effects included minor to moderate hypotension, fever, chills, rash, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, oliguria, fluid retention, thrombocytopenia, and minor elevations of liver function tests; all of these rapidly improved after discontinuation of IL-2. One patient had a grand mal seizure, and one suffered a colonic perforation; these were felt to be treatment-related. IP fibrosis developed in 14 patients and limited repeated cyclic administration of this therapy in five patients. Two of 10 (20%) ovarian cancer patients and five of 12 (42%) colorectal cancer patients had laparoscopy- or laparotomy-documented partial responses. We conclude that LAK cells and rIL-2 can be administered IP to cancer patients, resulting in moderate to severe short-term toxicity and modest therapeutic efficacy. Further investigation of this form of adoptive immunotherapy modified to address the problem of IP fibrosis and with lower IP IL-2 doses is justified by these initial results.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal lymphokine-activated killer-cell and interleukin-2 therapy for malignancies limited to the peritoneal cavity. 221 99

The image diagnosis of a gynecologic tumor is progressing with the propagation of magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), fast X-ray computed tomography (CT), and transvaginal probe. We introduce you the role which an image diagnosis should play in the decision of the therapeutic plan and the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of a uterine cervical cancer, a uterine endometrial cancer, and an ovarian cancer. In a uterine cervical cancer, MRI is useful to grasp the stage and the tumor size, and contributes toward determining a therapeutic plan. In addition, we may guess the response to the therapy, and judge the existence of a residual tumor during or immediately after an irradiation or an intraarterial injection. In a uterine endometrial cancer, MRI will contribute toward demonstrating a cervical invasion and toward assessing a myometrial invasion, therefore may help us to modify a therapeutic plan. To stage an ovarian cancer, it is necessary to visualize a small disseminated lesion. However, as all imaging modalities has a limitation to reveal the small disseminated nodules, they will not replace probe laparotomy. The probability of X-ray CT to take the place of second-look operation by an improvement has been suggested. MRI is poor at the visualization of a dissemination, however it is sometimes helpful for the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of a localizing tumor with demonstrating the changes of the signal intensity. We suppose that also an image diagnosis leaves room for expectation to contribute toward deciding the therapeutic plan of an ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[Gynecologic tumor]. 224 Nov 81

The major hormone-associated cancers of women, viz. breast, endometrium, and ovary, account for some 40% of all female cancers in the U. S. Variable expression of estrogens and progestins account for major differences in the incidence of breast and endometrial cancer. Identified differences in premenopausal ovarian hormone expression and the known effects of post-menopausal weight on estrogen metabolism now permit an essentially complete hormonal explanation of the epidemiology of endometrial cancer. Recent confirmation of decreased ovarian steroid levels in certain Oriental women now permits a hormonal explanation of the four- to sixfold differences in breast cancer rates between Japanese and U.S. women, and a complete hormonal explanation of the epidemiology of breast cancer is almost at hand. A delay of 2 years in the age at menarche plus a low postmenopausal weight are predicted to lead to a more than 50% lifelong reduction in both breast cancer and endometrial cancer. A 2-year delay in menarche is predicted to lead to an 18% reduction in ovarian cancer. The lifestyle basis of variable premenopausal ovarian hormone expression is poorly understood and should be the focus of a major research effort. Profound effects on estrogen and progestin expression and on cancer rates are obtained from use of hormonal contraceptives and menopausal hormone replacement therapy; it appears possible to use this knowledge to construct a LHRHA-plus-estrogen contraceptive regimen that should produce a major lifelong reduction in current U.S. breast cancer rates (32% reduction from 5 years use; 55% from 10 years use). The proposed regimen should also cause a major lifelong reduction in ovarian cancer rates (40% reduction from 5 years use; 66% from 10 years use). Addition of a progestin-containing IUCD to such a regimen should also cause a major lifelong reduction in endometrial cancer rates (55% reduction from 5 years use; 82% reduction from 10 years use).
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PMID:Reducing cancer risk in women through lifestyle-mediated changes in hormone levels. 225 56

Fourteen patients with recurrent gynecological adenocarcinomas (nine with endometrial cancer and six with ovarian cancer) were treated with cisplatin given by 14-day continuous infusion at a daily dose of 10 mg/m2 in combination with aclarubicin (ACR) at a dose of 20 mg/body on alternate days during each 14-day course. The daily dose of cisplatin was given with 1 liter of fluids; no diuretics were administered. The overall response rate was 71.4% (50% in endometrial cancer and 100% in ovarian cancer). It was especially interesting that a 100% response rate was obtained in five patients previously treated with cisplatin; i.e., the present cisplatin dosing schedule was highly effective as second-line therapy in these patients. No renal or gastrointestinal toxicity was observed. These results were pharmacokinetically explained by the plasma concentration of filterable platinum. A low-level, plateau-like curve with a great area under filterable [Pt]-time curve (AUC) seemed to ensure exposure of cancer cells to filterable platinum for sufficiently long periods and freedom from gastrointestinal and renal side effects.
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PMID:New cisplatin schedule in combination with aclarubicin (ACR) with high response rate in recurrent gynecological adenocarcinomas. 235 14

Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a fairly specific serum marker for mucinous ovarian cancer. Very high levels occur in mucinous ovarian cyst fluid, indicating that the elevated levels of TATI in serum are derived from the tumor. However, elevated levels of TATI may also occur in inflammatory disease and after major surgery, suggesting that TATI may also behave as an acute-phase reactant. To further elucidate these questions we have measured the concentration of TATI in urine before and after intracavitary radiotherapy in 13 patients with cervical cancer and 29 patients with endometrial cancer. In 11 patients the concentrations of serum TATI and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured. The treatment caused a moderate but significant elevation in the urinary concentration of TATI but affected the serum levels of TATI and CRP only occasionally. The apparent discrepancy between the changes in serum and urine levels of TATI may be explained by the very short (6 min) half-life of TATI in serum. Our results indicate that the mechanisms causing elevation of TATI in urine and of CRP in serum are different. TATI appears to react more rapidly to radiation-induced tissue destruction, whereas CRP is a much more sensitive indicator of bacterial infections.
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PMID:Effect of intracavitary radiotherapy on tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in patients with cervical and endometrial cancer. 235 15

The number of users of oral contraceptives in Sweden has decreased since 1983. This decrease has been accompanied by a rise in the number of abortions, leading to the conclusion that abortion is increasingly selected as the contraceptive of choice. Surveys have shown that some of the decrease in use of oral contraceptives arises from concern about side effects, primarily breast cancer. This article summarizes the results of some recent large scale studies on the connection between oral contraceptives and breast cancer in order to give Swedish midwives the factual information they need to advise their patients. In summary, these studies have shown a connection between oral contraceptives and breast cancer with a moderate increase in risk after use over a very long period. In 1 study the relative risk was 1.74 after 8 years use of oral contraceptives, in a 2nd study the relative risk was 2.2 after 12 years use, and in a 3rd large study the relative risk was 1.5 after 8 years use. All 3 studies found no risk related to age at beginning of use or whether use began before the birth of the 1st child. The author suggests that midwives bring these considerations and positive health aspects of oral contraceptives such as protection against salpingitis, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer to the attention of their patients as well as the medical risks of pregnancy. The author concludes that at present midwives may recommend oral contraceptives to women in good conscience as a reliable contraceptive.
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PMID:[Which are the commonest questions about contraceptives and how shall we answer them?]. 236


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