Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 53 patients with carcinoma of the ovary, 16 patients with other malignant genital tumors, and 31 women with nonmalignant diseases of the genital tract. The serum CEA concentration was elevated (greater than 5 ng/ml) in 11 patients with ovarian cancer, 2 patients with endometrial cancer, 1 patient with carcinoma of the cervix, and 1 patient with a benign embryonal cystic teratoma. Elevated CEA levels were found only in patients with advanced malignant disease, while early stages were associated with normal CEA concentrations. AFP levels were normal in all but 1 patient. Both CEA and AFP levels were markedly raised in a case of advanced genital carcinoma arising probably from the ovary. Ascitic fluid of another patient with ovarian cancer contained a high concentration of CEA, giving an identical reaction in immunodiffusion with CEA from colon cancer. The present results indicate that while the increased expression of carcinofetal components takes place in some malignant tumors of the female genital tract, it is usually a late phenomenon.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha fetoprotein in malignant tumors of the female genital tract. 4 62

In women with gynecologic malignancies the para-aortic lymph nodes are not routinely treated. However, pretherapy surgical staging has now disclosed an incidence of para-aortic node metastasis of 10.3% for presumed stage I and II ovarian cancer, 8.0% for stage I endometrial carcinoma, and 23.5% for stage II, III, and IV cervical cancer. Prospective trials to evaluate therapy directed to the para-aortic nodes in women with early ovarian and endometrial carcinoma have not been carried out. Moreover, the results of high dose irradiation to biopsy proven metastasis to the aortic lymph nodes from cervical cancer has resulted in only 11.9% survival without recurrence at two years.
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PMID:Para-aortic node biopsy in staging women with cervical, ovarian and endometrial carcinoma: a review. 39 98

An overview of the risk of developing cancer related to oral contraceptive (o.c.) use is presented. A committee of experts affiliated with WHO studied the problem of developing cancer related to o.c. use. O.c. use for more than 2 years prevents the formation of benign breast tumors, even after discontinuing o.c. use. The effect is due to the progestin component. There is no clear indication that o.c. use increases the risk of breast cancer. A higher risk of endometrial cancer is associated with sequential preparation use, but not with the use of combination preparations. Cervical neoplasms and pituitary adenoma may be more frequent among predisposed women who use o.c.s. Studies show a reduced risk of ovarian cancer with o.c. use, but more studies are necessary. There is a marked increase in the relative risk of developing hepatocellular adenoma among women who use o.c.s for longer than 3 years. The risk increases with the hormone dosage, the duration of treatment, and the age of the patient. There is no reliable data to indicate that the risk of malignant melanoma increases with o.c. use. More study is needed to determine the possible cancer risks of injection preparations. Combination preparations can cause an increased risk of vaginal epithelial metaplasia. Diethylstilbestrol taken during early pregnancy can cause vaginal neoplasms in the offspring. More epidemiological studies and clinical and laboratory studies on the carcinogenic effects of o.c.s and the endocrinological effects of o.c.s on younger women should be undertaken. It is recommended that o.c.s with the lowest possible hormone dosages be used. O.c.s should not be prescribed to women with vaginal adenosis.
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PMID:[Oral contraceptives and the risk of neoplasms]. 44 57

The use of megavoltage therapy has in some investigations been shown to be associated with improvement in the prognosis of gynaecological carcinoma. Our purpose was to clarify whether the character or number of complications has changed with the increased effectiveness of treatment. During the years 1967-1970 a total of 449 cases of gynaecological carcinoma (cervical, endometrial, ovarian) were treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the Department of Radiation Therapy, Turku University; tele-Cobalt was used for external radiation. The comparison period was the years 1963-1965 when 289 patients were treated, the external radiation then in use being X-ray therapy. Intracavitary radiation was given in both groups using the modified Stockholm method for cervical carcinoma and the Heyman method for endometrial carcinoma. Operative activity was about the same in both periods. Patients with cervical carcinoma treated with tele-Cobalt appeared to have a higher frequency of severe intestinal complications (12.4%) than patients receiving X-ray therapy (6.0%); the difference was not, however, statistically significant. The same is true concerning the treatment groups of ovarian cancer (4.8% and 0% respectively) and those of endometrial carcinoma (5.2% and 1.2%). However, if all the patients as a group are considered and also those with urological complications, the difference was significant (p less than 0.05), the frequency of complications being 7.6% for patients treated with tele-Cobalt and 4.2% for those treated with X-ray therapy. One must take into account that in all cases the most difficult complications were seen in patients treated with tele-Cobalt, where surgical treatment was necessary in 29%.
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PMID:Complications following radiotherapy in gynaecological carcinoma: comparison between X-ray and megavoltage therapy. 81 43

The concentration of carcino-embryogenic antigen in the serum of healthy women and of patients with different benign and malignant genital tumors was determined before and after treatment. The carcino-embryogenic antigen was elevated to more than 2.5 ng/ml in 11% of the healthy control patients. Patients with carcinoma of the breast had positive CEA tests in 60%. Patients with ovarian cancer had positive CEA tests in 57%, women with carcinoma of the uterine cervix had positive tests in 50% and women with endometrial carcinoma had increased CEA levels in the serum in 38% of the cases. Following treatment the CEA values decreased.
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PMID:[Carcino-embryogenic antigen (CEA) in patients with genital tumors (author's transl)]. 88 32

The study comprises 96042 cytologic cases within a period of 10 years. After screening women were admitted for biopsies. The histologic findings are reported. By 690 "right positive smears" 71 squamous cell cervical cancers stage Ib or more 87 microcarcinomata-1, 377 carcinomata-in-situ of the cervix, 100 dysplasias, 47 adenocarcinomata and 8 different malign tumors were found. 61 cases having histologic diagnosis outside are just mentioned. 629 cases which had been diagnosed in our hospital are described extensively. The first biopsy was nearly always taken by selective scraping of the ecto- and endocervix. Technical improvements of this method are explained. The efficiency of cytodiagnosis is especially pointed out by separating cases which could have been recognized or suspected by means of inspection or colposcopy only. 140 out of 282 carcinomata-in-situ and 7 invasive, mainly endocervical cancers (Ib-III), could only be diagnosed by a smear. In 17 woemn who turned out to have invasive cancer (Ib -III) a positive smear was the only reason for admission. Careful inspection of the cervix in the hospital, however, was sufficent to reveal the correct diagnosis. In our material the cervical smear could be of little help in cancer diagnosis of the upper genital tract such as adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri, sarcoma and ovarian cancer. 39 of the 45 women with endometrial cancer cells in the specimen had bleeding anomalies, especially postmenopausal. The number of "false negative smears" mainly yields from histologic examination of 2415 uteri after hysterectomy and 4497 specimen after curettage of cervix and corpus uteri. In the first group 1 microcarcinoma-2 and 5 carcinomata-in-situ, in the second group which obviously is less representative 4 carcinomata-in-situ were found unexpectedly. It is also searched for cases which had a negative smear first and a positive or suspect smear later. This happened in 41 patients. The underlying lesion were 5 advanced cancers, 2 microcarcinomata-3 and 34 carcinomata-in-situ. Up to 30 months elapsed between the last negative cytologic finding and histologic diagnosis. 121 out of 811 suspect or positive smears were "false positive". Cytologic grouping III, IV and V inconsistently matched with the corresponding histologic results. The type and extension of squamous cell atypias are anticipated with little certainty. The great number of suspect specimen (group III) both in microcarcinoma-4 (6 in 78) and carcinoma-in-situ (33 in 344) was striking. Therefore we consider a histologic diagnosis to be necessary in this group as well as in group IV and V. The method of fractioned cervical scraping makes the decision of hospital admission easier. Low risk for the patient does not imply any loss in diagnostic security.
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PMID:[Review of cervical smears in a gynaecologic department after a period of ten years under the consideration of colposcopic findings(author's transl)]. 117 25

While the surgical and chemotherapeutic therapy is an established procedure for the treatment of ovarian cancer, the role of radiotherapy is not quite clear. We investigated whether the recurrence rate concerning the vaginal cuff and pelvis in ovarian cancer patients can be reduced by postoperative irradiation with afterloading technique. In retrospective analysis 20 patients with ovarian cancer, stage I-IV, received radiological contact therapy with 192-Iridium 2 x 7.5 Gy in 0.5 cm tissue depth after surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment. A control group of 20 patients with similar oncological parameters was formed. In both groups a local recurrence occurred in 6 women, which was confirmed clinically, histologically and by diagnostic devices. After 2 years, 6 of the irradiated patients survived and 11 of the control group. The results show, that the irradiation of the vaginal cuff, as applied in endometrial carcinoma, will not reduce local recurrence rate of ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[Results of postoperative radiotherapy with iridium-192 in patients with ovarian cancer]. 128 84

A novel tumor-associated protein (TAP), that was originally detected immunologically through the use of a monospecific antiserum against a placental antigen, was quantified by means of the rocket technique of Laurell. Four hundred and fifty-seven serum samples were obtained from healthy female subjects (55), and patients with leiomyomas (162), benign ovarian tumors (78), pelvic endometriosis (45), cervical cancer (73), endometrial cancer (18) and ovarian cancer (26), respectively. Statistical analysis showed that TAP exhibited the closest relationship in ovarian cancer patients in whom the appearance of TAP and its high level were most prominent. The present preliminary study suggests the clinical usefulness of this protein as a clinical adjunct for the management of ovarian cancer.
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PMID:A novel tumor-associated protein: clinical significance of serum levels in various clinical conditions with special reference to gynecological malignant diseases. 131

Chemotherapy is playing an ever increasing role in the treatment of patients with the common gynecologic malignancies, including ovarian, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. Chemotherapy has its most defined role in the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer where virtually all patients will receive cytotoxic chemotherapy. There are four major areas of research in chemotherapy in gynecologic malignancies. In retrospective studies it has been demonstrated that dose intensity is an important factor in maximizing response rates. Clinical studies are now prospectively evaluating the importance of dose intensity, particularly with the new platinum analogue carboplatin. In addition, it has been demonstrated in endometrial cancer and cervical cancer that patients with poor prognostic features such as high grade tumours and large volume disease have a low probability of cure by standard modalities such as surgery and radiation. In this group of patients combined modality approaches are being evaluated. In addition, regional therapy, either in the form of intra-arterial therapy for patients with cervical cancer or intraperitoneal therapy for patients with ovarian cancer, is being investigated. The primary factor limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy in gynecologic malignancies is the development of drug resistance. It has recently been demonstrated that several drugs such as taxol, ifosfamide, and hexamethylmelamine have activity in patients who have had previous treatment with platinum-based compounds. In addition, the mechanism associated with the development of drug resistance in ovarian cancer have recently been identified. Clinical trials have been initiated with compounds such as buthionine sulfoximine in an attempt to specifically reverse resistance associated with alkylating agents and platinum compounds.
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PMID:Advances in the chemotherapy of gynecologic malignancies. 134 19

The over-expression of the proto-oncogene HER-2 (c-erbB-2/neu) in ovarian, endometrial and mammary carcinoma is an important indicator for poor prognosis. We have previously shown in 3 out of 4 ovarian carcinoma cell lines an interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-mediated reduction in HER-2 specific protein and RNA levels. The oncogene expression was lowered only in the ovarian carcinoma cell lines but not in 3 IFN-gamma-sensitive human breast cancer cell lines. We extended our observations also to IFN type I, alpha and omega. The expression of the oncogene was measured by both the p185HER-2 ELISA and in selected cases by a living cell radioimmunoassay using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4D5 against the extracellular domain. Both IFN types reduced the expression of HER-2 in the ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVCAR-3, HTB-77, 2774 and SKOV-6, and in the SKUT-2 endometrial carcinoma cells. In contrast, SKOV-8 human ovarian carcinoma cells were sensitive for both IFN types regarding proliferation, but only IFN-gamma reduced proto-oncogene expression. In the SKBR-3 human mammary carcinoma cells, neither IFN type had an effect on HER-2 expression. The antibodies 4D5, 7C2, 3E8, and 3H4 which bind to the extracellular domain of p185HER-2 protein specifically inhibited anchorage-independent growth of SKBR-3 and HTB-77 cells. Expression of the oncogene HER-2 is the leading prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. Its modulation might represent a mechanism by which IFNs inhibit cell proliferation.
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PMID:Effects of interferons on the expression of the proto-oncogene HER-2 in human ovarian carcinoma cells. 137 Feb 27


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