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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review discusses recent papers on endometrial carcinoma variants, immunohistochemical studies, and prognostic indicators. The aggressive nature of uterine papillary serous carcinoma is confirmed, even in the absence of myometrial or vascular invasion, with a comprehensive review of the histology, clinical presentation, and proposed treatment protocols. The possible etiologic role of radiation in the development of uterine papillary serous carcinoma is alluded to. The virulence of endometrial carcinomas with trophoblastic differentiation, endometrial carcinomas with a malignant giant cell component, and clear cell carcinomas of the endometrium is documented. A series of immunohistochemical studies is presented suggesting that uterine carcinosarcomas are metaplastic carcinomas derived from a common stem cell and that a shared histogenesis of endometrial stromal tumors and uterine mesoderm exists. Immunohistochemical techniques may clarify diagnostic problems of uterine tumors and their metastases and differentiate mucinous tumors of endometrium from endocervical origin. Staining of both carcinoembryonic antigen and ferritin in neoplastic endometria may be helpful in their differentiation from hyperplasias in curettage specimens. Significant prognosticators in endometrial carcinoma are depth of myometrial invasion and lymphovascular space involvement with greatest prognostic information provided by the depth of myometrial invasion above DNA index.
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PMID:Malignant endometrial pathology. 150 78

The differential diagnosis of ovarian carcinomas, including secondary tumors, remains a challenging task. Mucinous carcinomas of the ovary are rare and can be easily confused with metastatic mucinous carcinomas that may present clinically as a primary ovarian tumor. Most of these originate in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage is the single most important prognostic factor, and stage I carcinomas have an excellent prognosis; FIGO stage is largely related to the histologic features of the ovarian tumors. Infiltrative stromal invasion proved to be biologically more aggressive than expansile invasion. Metastatic colon cancer is frequent and often simulates ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Although immunostains for cytokeratins 7 and 20 can be helpful in the differential diagnosis, they should always be interpreted in the light of all clinical information. Occasionally, endometrioid carcinomas may exhibit a microglandular pattern simulating sex cord-stromal tumors. However, typical endometrioid glands, squamous differentiation, or an adenofibroma component are each present in 75% of these tumors whereas immunostains for calretinin and alpha-inhibin are negative. Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary is associated in 15-20% of the cases with carcinoma of the endometrium. Most of these tumors have a favorable outcome and they most likely represent independent primary carcinomas arising as a result of a Mullerian field effect. Although the criteria for distinguishing metastatic from independent primary carcinomas rely mainly upon conventional clinicopathologic findings, loss of heterozygosity and gene mutation analyses can be helpful. Transitional cell carcinomas are distinguished from undifferentiated carcinomas by the presence of thick, undulating papillae with smooth luminal borders, microspaces, and tumor cells with distinctive 'urothelial' appearance. Krukenberg tumors are metastatic adenocarcinomas traditionally perceived as composed of mucin-filled signet-ring cells associated with a striking proliferation of the ovarian stroma but many variations on this pattern occur.
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PMID:Ovarian carcinomas, including secondary tumors: diagnostically challenging areas. 1549 58

Never before have women with newly diagnosed gynecologic malignancies had more options for preservation of fertility. Girls or women of childbearing age with several ovarian cancer subtypes have a high probability of unilateral ovarian involvement, and, thus, may be candidates for fertility-sparing surgery with preservation of a contralateral normal ovary and uterus. These subtypes include ovarian tumors of low malignant potential, malignant ovarian germ cell tumors, and ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. For women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer who have early-stage disease, fertility-sparing surgery may be an option. In some cases, fertility-sparing surgery may be followed by postoperative chemotherapy. For women with invasive cervical cancer, fertility-sparing surgery may be possible. Options include conization alone for stage IA1 or IA2 disease, radical trachelectomy with stage IA2 or IB disease, or ovarian transposition for women undergoing chemoradiation. Non-operative options, such as hormonal therapy, may be considered for women with early-stage, low-grade endometrial cancer. For all women of childbearing age with gynecologic malignancies, in vitro fertilization techniques or cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be an option prior to definitive treatment.
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PMID:Fertility-sparing surgery for malignancies in women. 1578 22

In a young woman with gynecologic cancer, preservation of fertility is possible. Fertility-sparing surgery may be safe in early ovarian cancer of certain histological subtypes such as ovarian tumors of low malignant potential, malignant ovarian germ cell tumors, and ovarian sex cord stromal tumors. For women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer who have early-stage disease, fertility-sparing surgery may be an option. In some cases, fertility-sparing surgery may be followed by postoperative chemotherapy. The concept of fertility-preserving surgery in early cervical cancer has been adopted by several leading centers worldwide as an option for stage Ia and small Ib disease without the presence of lymphovascular involvement. Nonsurgical options such as hormonal therapy may be considered for women with early-stage, low-grade endometrial cancer. Improvements in cancer cure rates and the development of conservative treatments mean that many young women with early gynecologic cancer can hope to start a new pregnancy after the treatment. Patients are generally advised to wait 2 years after treatment for any malignancy before attempting pregnancy, but the optimal interval between cure and conception must be carefully determined by a multidisciplinary team including oncologist and obstetrician. Gynecologic surgery and hemotherapy can have an impact not only on fertility, but also on the course of a next pregnancy (increased risk of miscarriage and premature delivery, etc.) These risks must be taken into account by the obstetrician. Management of young women diagnosed with gynecologic cancer should be individualized, with the risk of conservative therapy balanced against the disadvantages of more radical treatment. The patient and the family should be extensively counseled. The alternatives to the traditional and standard radical procedures should be discussed, and the limitation of data regarding many conservative treatment options should be explained. The patients should be aware that by accepting fertility-sparing treatment they are assuming a small but undefined risk for recurrence of the disease. They need to know that these conservative therapeutic approaches are yet not considered "standard." Furthermore, patients need to be assessed for the realistic probabilities of achieving conception on the basis on their age, history, and infertility evaluation. Some of them will require assisted reproduction technology (ARTS) to help achieve a pregnancy, especially in vitro fertilization (IVF). They may also consider ovarian tissue, oocyte, or embryo cryopreservation before definitive cancer therapies. And, finally, patients also need to understand the risk of premature delivery and the consequences of prematurity. The care of the young patient with gynecologic malignancy is extremely complex and challenging. It necessarily requires a multidisciplinary approach with the close collaboration of gynecologist-oncologist, reproductive endocrinologist, and perinatologist.
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PMID:Fertility after the treatment of gynecologic tumors. 1808 Apr 46

The utility of calretinin was first described in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. In the female genital tract, calretinin was initially reported in Wolffian remnants and related lesions and later used in the diagnosis of sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary, endometrial stromal tumors with sex cord-like differentiation, and uterine tumors resembling sex cord tumors of the ovary. This review discusses calretinin expression in normal tissues of the female genital tract and highlights its potential utility in the diagnosis of these subsets of neoplasms with emphasis to tumors that may constitute a problem in their differential diagnosis. In particular, the limited utility of calretinin in the diagnosis of sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary, in the differential diagnosis between mesothelioma and serous tumors involving the ovary and/or peritoneum, and in the differential diagnosis between Wolffian lesions and endometrial carcinoma are addressed.
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PMID:Calretinin: diagnostic utility in the female genital tract. 1955 Mar 72

In the context of multiple neuroendocrine tumor syndromes, reproductive abnormalities may occur via a number of different mechanisms, such as hyperprolactinemia, increased GH/IGF-1 levels, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypercortisolism, hyperandrogenism, hyperthyroidism, gonadotropin hypersecretion, as well as, tumorigenesis or functional disturbances in gonads or other reproductive organs. Precocious puberty and/or male feminization is a feature of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Carney complex (CNC), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), while sperm maturation and ovulation defects have been described in MAS and CNC. Although tumorigenesis of reproductive organs due to a multiple neuroendocrine tumor syndrome is very rare, certain lesions are characteristic and very unusual in the general population. Awareness leading to their recognition is important especially when other endocrine abnormalities coexist, as occasionally they may even be the first manifestation of a syndrome. Lesions such as certain types of ovarian cysts (MAS, CNC), pseudogynecomastia due to neurofibromas of the nipple-areola area (NF1), breast disease (CNC and Cowden disease (CD)), cysts and 'hypernephroid' tumors of the epididymis or bilateral papillary cystadenomas (mesosalpinx cysts) and endometrioid cystadenomas of the broad ligament (von Hippel-Lindau disease), testicular Sertoli calcifying tumors (CNC, PJS) monolateral or bilateral macroochidism and microlithiasis (MAS) may offer diagnostic clues. In addition, multiple neuroendocrine tumor syndromes may be complicated by reproductive malignancies including ovarian cancer in CNC, breast and endometrial cancer in CD, breast malignancies in NF1, and malignant sex-cord stromal tumors in PJS.
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PMID:Reproductive disturbances in multiple neuroendocrine tumor syndromes. 1973 12

We present the Patient Annual Report in 2011 and the Treatment Annual Report in 2005 that were collected and analyzed by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Data on 15,698 patients with cervical cancer, 7713 with endometrial cancer and 4672 with ovarian cancer in whom treatment was started in 2011 and data on the prognosis of 2985 patients with cervical cancer, 2812 with endometrial cancer, and 1839 with ovarian cancer who were started on treatment in 2005 were analyzed and summarized. Patient Annual Report in 2011: Stage 0 accounted for 58%, stage I for 24%, stage II for 9%, stage III for 5%, and stage IV for 4% of all the patients with cervical cancer. Stage 0 accounted for 6%, stage I for 61%, stage II for 8%, stage III for 18%, and stage IV for 7% of patients with endometrial cancer. Stage I accounted for 43%, stage II for 9%, stage III for 29%, and stage IV for 8% of patients with ovarian cancer. Treatment Annual Report in 2005: The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with cervical cancer were 91% in stage I, 78% in stage II, 57% in stage III, and 30% in stage IV. The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with endometrial cancer were 95% in stage I, 89% in stage II, 77% in stage III, and 23% in stage IV. The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumors were 92% in stage I, 75% in stage II, 50% in stage III and 39% in stage IV.
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PMID:Annual report of Gynecologic Oncology Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013. 2447 52

The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology collects and analyzes annual data on gynecologic cancers from member institutions. Here we present the Patient Annual Report for 2012 and the Treatment Annual Report for 2006. Data on 7028 patients with cervical cancer, 8217 with endometrial cancer, 5140 with ovarian cancer and 1725 with ovarian borderline tumor for whom treatment was initiated in 2012 were summarized in the Patient Annual Report. Data on the prognosis of 2699 patients with cervical cancer, 3243 with endometrial cancer and 1898 with ovarian cancer for whom treatment was initiated in 2006 were analyzed in the Treatment Annual Report. In the Patient Annual Report for 2012, stage I accounted for 55.4%, stage II for 23.0%, stage III for 11.0% and stage IV for 10.6% of all patients with cervical cancer. Stage I accounted for 72.2%, stage II for 7.0%, stage III for 13.4% and stage IV for 7.3% of all patients with endometrial cancer. Stage I accounted for 43.1%, stage II for 9.2%, stage III for 29.7% and stage IV for 7.2% of all patients with ovarian cancer. In the Treatment Annual Report for 2006, the 5-year overall survival rates for patients with cervical cancer were 92.9% for stage I, 74.6% for stage II, 55.3% for stage III and 24.3% for stage IV. The equivalent rates for patients with endometrial cancer were 96.3%, 92.7%, 80.6% and 35.8%, respectively; and those for patients with ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumors were 90.6%, 82.9%, 48.7% and 40.9%, respectively.
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PMID:Annual report of the Committee on Gynecologic Oncology, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2537 Jul 11

The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology collects and analyzes annual data on gynecologic cancers from member institutions. Here we present the Treatment Annual Report for 2007. Data on the prognosis of 3381 patients with cervical cancer, 3681 with endometrial cancer, and 2367 with ovarian cancer for whom treatment was initiated in 2007 were analyzed in the Treatment Annual Report. In the 2007 Treatment Annual Report, stage I accounted for 53.1%, stage II for 24.4%, stage III for 14.2%, and stage IV for 8.3% of all patients with cervical cancer. Stage I accounted for 64.8%, stage II for 8.2%, stage III for 20.2%, and stage IV for 6.9% of all patients with endometrial cancer. Stage I accounted for 41.4%, stage II for 9.9%, stage III for 30.6%, and stage IV for 8.6% of all patients with ovarian cancer. The 5-year overall survival rates for patients with cervical cancer were 91.8% for stage I, 71.5% for stage II, 53.0% for stage III, and 23.7% for stage IV; those for patients with endometrial cancer were 95.3%, 89.8%, 75.6%, and 29.1%, and those for patients with ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumors were 91.5%, 76.1%, 46.9%, and 31.3%, respectively.
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PMID:Annual report of the Committee on Gynecologic Oncology, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2642 Jul 46

The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology collects and analyzes annual data on gynecologic cancers from member institutions. We present the Patient Annual Report for 2013 and the Treatment Annual Report for 2008. Data on 7280 patients with cervical cancer, 8952 with endometrial cancer, 5792 with ovarian cancer and 1903 with ovarian borderline tumor for whom treatment was initiated in 2013 were summarized in the Patient Annual Report. Stage I accounted for 56.7%, stage II for 23.4%, stage III for 9.8% and stage IV for 10.2% of all patients with cervical cancer. Stage I accounted for 71.7%, stage II for 6.5%, stage III for 14.5% and stage IV for 7.3% of all patients with endometrial cancer. Stage I accounted for 42.2%, stage II for 9.8%, stage III for 28.2% and stage IV for 8.3% of all patients with ovarian cancer. Data on the prognosis of 3658 patients with cervical cancer, 4159 with endometrial cancer and 2866 with ovarian cancer for whom treatment was initiated in 2008 were analyzed in the Treatment Annual Report. Survival was analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test and the Wilcoxon test. The 5-year overall survival rates for patients with cervical cancer were 93.0% for stage I, 73.1% for stage II, 55.2% for stage III and 24.2% for stage IV. The equivalent rates for patients with endometrial cancer were 94.5%, 90.3%, 74.2% and 24.0%, respectively; and those for patients with ovarian cancer (surface epithelial-stromal tumors) were 90.5%, 73.5%, 48.1% and 29.4%, respectively.
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PMID:Annual Report of the Committee on Gynecologic Oncology, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Patient Annual Report for 2013 and Treatment Annual Report for 2008. 2733 17


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