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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgery and radiation therapy have been the main types of treatment for gynecologic cancer. However, chemotherapy in gynecologic oncology has recently made dramatic progress and presently is becoming the most widespread treatment. After the discovery of cisplatin in the field of chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer, it has now become the leading treatment modality. According to the result of several important phase III randomized control trials (RCTs), the platinum-taxane combined therapy has now become the standard treatment regimen. Regarding endometrial cancer, Cisplatin-Adriamycin-Cyclophosphamide (CAP) therapy has been used as an effective adjuvant chemotherapy in Japan. The adjuvant chemotherapy (Adriamycin-Cisplatin therapy) for the endometrial cancer has now been recognized worldwide as the standard therapy based on the findings of a phase III RCT. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer has also been recommended as the standard therapy in Japan since 1999 based on the successful results of numerous RCTs which proved its efficacy. The chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers has been investigated and standardized based on the results of numerous clinical trials. These trials have been conducted by many clinical trial groups, such as the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG), Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) throughout the world, in addition to the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) and the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) in Japan. The valuable contributions of these clinical trials are helping in the development of new drug therapies, thus leading to such treatment regimens playing increasingly important and wider roles in the field of gynecologic oncology treatment in the future.
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PMID:[Gynecologic cancer]. 1879 2

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. Uterine papillary serous carcinoma comprises approximately 5-10% of endometrial carcinomas. This aggressive carcinoma typically occurs in older women, characteristically arising on atrophic endometrium. This frequently is associated with early extrauterine spread and, infrequently, with peritoneal dissemination. We present a case of acute gastric outlet obstruction secondary to papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with diffuse peritoneal psammomatous implants.
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PMID:Acute gastric outlet obstruction secondary to papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with peritoneal psammomatous implants: a case report. 1913 21

Office visits centering on preventive and gynecologic concerns compose a significant proportion of any primary care practice. The detection and prevention of gynecologic cancers are topics that often predominate such visits. The trend of increasing obesity in the general population and the exploding public awareness of the prevalence of human papillomavirus are examples of topics that affect the primary care physician's approach toward gynecologic cancer screening for women. Changing incidence rates in endometrial cancer and cervical cancer challenge the traditional approach to screening, guiding the primary care physician to consider individual risk factors during the routine health maintenance examination. In this article, the epidemiology, screening guidelines, and a review of management are presented for vulvar, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer.
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PMID:Gynecologic cancers. 1923 5

Women with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) have a high risk for endometrial cancer (EC) and frequently present with a gynecologic cancer as their first or sentinel malignancy. Identification of these patients is important given their personal and family risk for synchronous and metachronous tumors. The revised Bethesda Guidelines provide screening criteria for HNPCC in colorectal cancers. However, there are currently no such screening recommendations for women with endometrial carcinoma. We applied some of the colorectal cancer screening criteria, including age and tumor morphology, to endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to describe patient and tumor characteristics and to assess the ability of these criteria to enhance detection of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, and hence HNPCC in EC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for DNA mismatch repair (IHC-MMR) proteins was performed in a defined subset of patients with EC. This included women younger than 50 years of age and women >or=50 years whose tumors showed morphologic features suggestive of MMR deficiency (TM-MMR). The extent of IHC-MMR in the older patient group was compared with that in a comparison group of EC >or=50 years that was previously analyzed for microsatellite instability status. Seventy-one patients met the selection criteria for IHC testing; 32 (45%) showed abnormal results. The rate of IHC abnormality in the younger group was approximately 30% with a nearly equal distribution of MLH1/PMS2 and MSH2/MSH6 abnormalities. In the older age group, TM-MMR triggered IHC analysis in 31 of 34 cases. Of these, 18 cases showed loss of IHC-MMR (58% of cases), 7 with loss of MSH2/MSH6. In contrast, the rate of microsatellite instability in the comparison group was only 21%. The IHC abnormal group showed more frequent tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, dedifferentiated EC, more tumors centered in the lower uterine segment, and more frequent synchronous clear cell carcinomas of the ovary than tumors with a normal immunophenotype. Although many of the patients with loss of IHC-MMR showed personal and/or family history (13 of 32) of HNPCC-associated tumors, most did not. Tumor morphology (TM-MMR) along with IHC-MMR enhances the detection of EC patients at risk of HNPCC.
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PMID:Selection of endometrial carcinomas for DNA mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry using patient age and tumor morphology enhances detection of mismatch repair abnormalities. 1923 76

To overview the status of gynecologic cancer in Indonesia. Information regarding Indonesia obtained from World Bank Report and Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2007, epidemiological data obtained from Histopathological Data of Cancer in Indonesia 2002, Department of Health-Registry Body of Indonesian Specialist of Pathology Association-Indonesian Cancer Society; Various Hospitals in big Cities in Indonesia. Indonesia is an Archipelago with a total area of 1,922,570.00 km(2), the population is 222,192,000 (2006), the fourth world rank. Female is 49.86% with life expectancy 69 years. Gross National Product per Capita is 690.00 USD. Histopathological report in 2002 revealed that cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and uterine cancer were the most frequent cancer among female, which were the first (2,532 cases), the third (829 cases) and the eighth (316 cases) rank respectively. The peak age for cervical, uterine and ovarian cancer was 45-54 years. HPV 16, 18 were found in 82% of invasive cervical. Data from various academic hospitals in 2007 showed that cervical cancer is the most common malignancy followed by ovary, uterus, vulva and vagina. Five-year survival rate of stage I, II, III, IV cervical cancer were 50%, 40%, 20%, and 0% respectively. Overall five-year survival rate of carcinoma of the ovary was 54.8%. If sub-classified by stage, five-year survival rate are 94.3%, 75.0%, 31%, and 11.7% for stage I, II, III, and IV respectively. Five-year disease-free survival rate of endometrial cancer was 71.9%. Indonesia is the biggest Archipelago with a dense population but the income per capita still low (poor country). The most common gynecologic cancer is cervical cancer, followed by ovarian and uterine cancer. These cancers are included in top ten cancers in Indonesia. HPV 16, 18 were the most cause of cervical cancer. The five-year survival rates are comparable with world report.
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PMID:Gynecological cancer in Indonesia. 1947 61

The incidence of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer has increased in Japan, during the last decade. On the other hand, the incidence of cervical cancer has declined until the middle of the 1990's. However, in recent years it has been increasing slightly. Change of Japanese women's lifestyle may contribute to the increase in gynecologic cancer incidence in Japan. Infection with high-risk oncogenic human papilloma viruses (HPV) play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis. Advances in understanding of the role of HPV in the etiology of cervical cancer have led to the development, evaluation and recommendation of HPV vaccines. Recently environmental factor and genetic factor related carcinogenesis and development have been investigated of gynecologic cancer. This review provides a summary of these studies about the etiology, the treatment and prevention against gynecologic cancer.
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PMID:[The etiology of gynecologic cancer]. 1950 5

The purpose of the study was to compare postoperative vaginal irradiation with surgery alone in low-risk International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA-IB endometrial carcinoma. The study was a prospective, randomized trial of 645 evaluable low-risk endometrial carcinoma patients from 6 European gynecologic cancer centers. All tumors were in FIGO stage IA-IB, of endometrioid histological type, and FIGO grade 1-2. High-dose-rate afterloading equipments (iridium [Ir] 192 or cobalt [co] 60) were used at 5 centers, and low-dose-rate (LDR) afterloading equipment (cesium [Cs] 137) at 1 center. Perspex vaginal applicators or ovoids were normally used, and the dose was specified at 5 mm from the surface of the applicator. Three to 6 fractions (3.0-8.0 Gy) were given, and the overall treatment time was 4 to 15 days. A total of 319 patients were treated with surgery plus vaginal irradiation (treatment group), and 326 patients with surgery alone (control group).Twenty-six recurrences (4.0%) were recorded in the complete series. The locoregional recurrence rate was 2.6%, whereas distant metastases occurred in 1.4%. The rate of vaginal recurrences was 1.2% in the treatment group versus 3.1% in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.114). Side effects were few and mild (grade 1-2). Dysuria, frequency, and incontinence were slightly more common after vaginal irradiation (2.8% vs 0.6%, respectively). Late intestinal problems were few and similar in the 2 groups. The conclusions were that the impact of postoperative brachytherapy on even the locoregional recurrence rate seems to be limited in patients with low-risk endometrial carcinoma. The overall recurrence rate and survival were similar in the 2 groups.
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PMID:Intravaginal brachytherapy in FIGO stage I low-risk endometrial cancer: a controlled randomized study. 1957 76

The objectives of this article were to review the published scientific literature about robotics and its application to gynecologic oncology to date and to summarize findings of this advanced computerenhanced laparoscopic technique. Relevant sources were identified by a search of PUBMED from January 1950 to January 2009 using the key words Robot or Robotics and Cervical cancer, Endometrial cancer, Gynecologic oncology, and Ovarian cancer. Appropriate case reports, case series, retrospective studies, prospective trials, and review articles were selected. A total of 38 articles were identified on the subject, and 27 were included in the study. The data for gynecologic cancer show comparable results between robotic and laparoscopic surgery for estimated blood loss, operative time, length of hospital stay, and complications. Overall, there were more wound complications with the laparotomy approach compared with laparoscopy and robotic-assisted laparoscopy. There were more lymphocysts, lymphoceles, and lymphedema in the robotic-assisted laparoscopic group compared with the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups in patients with cervical cancer. Infectious and lung-related morbidity, postoperative ileus, and bleeding or clot formation were more commonly reported in the laparotomy group compared with the other 2 cohorts in patients with endometrial cancer. Computer-enhanced technology may enable more surgeons to convert laparotomies to laparoscopic surgery with its associated benefits. It seems that in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons, final outcomes are the same with or without use of the robot. There is good evidence that robotic surgery facilitates laparoscopic surgery, with equivalent if not better operative time and comparable surgical outcomes, shorter hospital stay, and fewer major complications than with surgeries using the laparotomy approach.
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PMID:Robotics and gynecologic oncology: review of the literature. 1989 90

Endometrial cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer in the United States. Etiologically, endometrial carcinoma usually results from unopposed estrogen stimulation of the endometrium, although non-estrogen-related forms occur as well. The most common presentation of endometrial cancer is postmenopausal bleeding. A variety of diagnostic modalities are available to aid in the detection of the disease, each with its own strengths and limitations. These modalities include endometrial biopsy, ultrasonography, saline infusion sonography, and hysteroscopy. A definitive diagnosis requires pathologic confirmation via endometrial biopsy or dilatation and curettage. Surgical staging of endometrial cancer will dictate how physicians manage the condition. For most women, staging and initial treatment are accomplished with total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and peritoneal washings. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy play a role in treatment, depending on tumor stage and grade. At present, there are no recommendations for screening the general population.
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PMID:Endometrial cancer. 1990 1

Matters of sexuality and intimacy greatly impact quality of life of patients with gynecologic cancers. Vast amount of evidence exists showing that cancer dramatically impacts woman's sexuality, sexual functioning, intimate relationships and sense of self. Sexual functioning can be affected by illness, pain, anxiety, anger, stressful circumstances and medications. There is a growing acknowledgement that these needs are not being appropriately addressed by providers. With improvements in early detection, surgery and adjuvant therapy for gynecologic cancer, long term survival and cure are becoming possible. Quality of life is thus becoming a major issue for patients. Patients suffer from hot flashes, difficulty sleeping, loss of libido and intimacy, all resulting in significant morbidity and loss of quality of life. Using hormone replacement therapy in gynecologic cancer survivors is a topic a great debate. While limited studies are available to date, retrospective cohort reviews show no reported differences in overall or disease-free survival in patients using hormone replacements vs. controls in patients with ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical, vaginal or vulva cancer. Since safety of using HRT remains controversial and prospective studies are lacking, providers need to be able to provide alternatives to HRT. Centrally acting agents such as antiseizure agent gabapentin and selective serotonine re-uptake inhibitors, such as venlafaxine and fluoxitine have been demonstrated to show effectiveness in treating vasomotor symptoms and are easily tolerated. To address cardiovascular and osteoporosis risks of post-menopausal status, exercise, healthy diet, bisphosphonates, raloxifen and statins have been found to be effective. Psychotherapy plays an essential part in management of these issues. Review of the literature reveals recent trends among health psychologists to utilize psychoeducational interventions that include combined elements of cognitive and behavioral therapy with education and mindfulness training. Intervention studies have found positive effects from this approach, particularly within the areas of arousal, orgasm, satisfaction, overall well-being, and decreased depression. Many of patients' issues are easy to address with either hormonal, non-hormonal or psychotherapy modifications. The essential part of success is the providers appreciation of this serous problem and willingness and comfort in addressing it.
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PMID:Sexuality and intimacy after gynecological cancer. 2030 22


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