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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries, although it has never before been documented in a female infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By contrast, cervical carcinoma is well described in association with HIV infection and in 1993 was added to the AIDS case definition. We present the unique case of a 38-year-old HIV-infected female with endometrial carcinoma, who became rapidly disseminated following her initial surgery. Although HIV is unlikely to have an etiologic role in endometrial carcinoma, it is conceivable that immunosuppression contributed to an accelerated course of her malignancy.
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PMID:First reported case of endometrial carcinoma in association with HIV infection. 1124 Jul 77

The aim of the study was to verify the validity of placement of a vena cava filter in patients with gynecologic cancer complicated by pulmonary embolism and progressive persistent hypercoagulability. The authors discuss two patients with pulmonary embolism. In this study, a gynecologic tumor was diagnosed, one presented endometrial carcinoma and the other ovarian papillary carcinoma, after the position of vena cava filter and treatment with urokinasi (2.800.000 UI/ml) it was possible to do surgery followed by radiation therapy in the first case and chemotherapy in the second. In these cases there are indications for the placement of a vena cava filter. This has enabled surgery and anticoagulation therapy and has prevented the movement of any other emboli, which were later dissolved by fibrinolytic agents, and the effectiveness result was the arrest of progressive hypercoagulability moved by tumor cell. The serious conditions that were related to prior embolism and to a persistent thrombotic state characterized by progressive hypercoagulability did not make it possible to perform surgery or any other type of therapy because of absolute contraindications. The decision to place the filter could thus become the first step towards subsequent improvements, that are also tied to the possibility of performing surgery for removing tumor, arrest of progressive hypercoagulability due to tumor cell, allow chemotherapy or radiation treatment.
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PMID:[Vena cava filter in patients with gynecologic cancer complicated by pulmonary embolism and progressive hypercoagulability]. 1182 72

The objectives of imaging in gynecologic cancer include tumor detection, tumor diagnosis, staging, and follow-up. In addition, both monitoring response to treatment and differentiating tumor recurrence from post-treatment changes are important indications for imaging. In 2001 it was estimated that there would be 38,300 cases of endometrial cancer, 23,400 cases of ovarian cancer, and 12,900 cases of cervical cancer. This article reviews what information is required by the practicing gynecologist or gynecologic oncologist prior to surgery and briefly summarizes state-of-the-art imaging in answering clinically pertinent questions.
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PMID:What do we expect from imaging? 1211 91

Antibodies to the 27 kDa heat shock protein (hsp27) are present in some women with ovarian and endometrial cancers but not in women with nonmalignant conditions or healthy women. The appearance of these antibodies suggests that the corresponding protein (hsp27) may be present in an extracellular form in gynecologic cancer patients. Synthesis of hsp27 is upregulated in gynecologic cancers and inhibits induction of apoptosis. We now report the detection of hsp27 as well as hsp27-cytochrome c complexes in cell-free endocervical or posterior vaginal specimens from women with endometrial or ovarian cancer. Specimens were obtained with a cotton swab from 209 consecutive patients seen by a gynecologic oncologist. After removal of cellular components, aliquots of supernatants were assayed by ELISA for hsp27, using cytochrome c bound to microtiter plate wells, and for hsp27-cytochrome c complexes, using antibodies to cytochrome c and hsp27. Among 47 women with ovarian cancer, 38.3% were positive for hsp27 and 27.7% had hsp27-cytochrome c complexes. Similarly, among 52 women with endometrial cancer, 34.6% were hsp27-positive and 30.8% had hsp27-cytochrome c complexes. In contrast to the women with ovarian or endometrial cancer, of the 86 women with benign diagnoses only, 10.5% had cervical hsp27 (p < 0.002) and 8.1% had hsp27-cytochrome c complexes (p < 0.004). Among ovarian cancer patients, hsp27 was identified in 44.0% of the 25 women with active disease as opposed to 17.6% of the 17 patients in remission (p < 0.05). In women with stage 1-2 active ovarian cancer, 8 of 10 (80.0%) were hsp27-positive as opposed to 3 of 14 (21.4%) stage 3-4 patients (p < 0.01). For hsp27-cytochrome c complexes, 50% of ovarian cancer patients with active stage 1-2 disease as opposed to 21.4% with stage 3-4 disease were positive. Among women with endometrial cancer, only 10 of the 52 patients had active disease and 44 were in stage 1-2. For this malignancy, there was no relation between detection of hsp27 or hsp27-cytochrome c and active disease or cancer stage. Our results suggest that cell-free hsp27 and hsp27-cytochrome c complexes can be detected in the lower genital tract of women with ovarian and endometrial cancers. Identification of these biomarkers may be beneficial in the early diagnosis of these malignancies.
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PMID:Cell-free 27 kDa heat shock protein (hsp27) and hsp27-cytochrome c complexes in the cervix of women with ovarian or endometrial cancer. 1243 50

Gynecologic malignancies (including breast cancer) represent a substantial proportion of neoplastic disorders in women. The problems associated with the treatment of gynecologic cancer is not limited to gynecology and oncology, but involve other specialties, including, in the case of breast cancer, surgery and radiology. The incidence of gynecologic cancer increases with age, similarly to other tumors or some internal disorders, including diabetes mellitus. In many patients, especially elderly, a coincidence of cancer and diabetes mellitus is observed. The presence of diabetes mellitus, similarly to that of other comorbid conditions, may have a profound impact on the prognosis and the choice of treatment for the individual patient. Moreover, some studies indicate that diabetes mellitus increases the risk of breast and endometrial carcinoma. As in other areas of medicine, a close collaboration between specialists treating the tumor (surgeon or gynecologist, medical and radiation oncologist) with physicians specialized in treating comorbid conditions (internal medicine, cardiology or diabetes medicine) is inevitable. The current state of the treatment of gynecologic cancer is reviewed, with a special focus on breast cancer. The progress in breast cancer treatment illustrates how the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying tumor growth and evidence-based medicine can lead to a major improvement of the prognosis of cancer.
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PMID:[Gynecologic neoplasms in diabetic patients]. 1264 26

The study of tumor vaccine is one of the focus of immunological therapy on malignant gynecologic cancer. All of the ovarian carcinoma vaccine are therapeutic, including cloned antigen vaccine, tumor cell vaccine, genetic engineering tumor cell vaccine, dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, as well as anti-idiotypic vaccine. The therapeutic vaccines based on human papillomavirus (HPV) of cervical cancer are mostly summarized, including polypeptides vaccine, carrier vaccine, fusion protein or chimeric vaccine, and DC vaccine. The preventive vaccine based on HPV of cervical cancer are briefly introduced. As there are only a few reports on endometrial carcinoma vaccine.
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PMID:[Development of tumor vaccine on gynecologic cancer]. 1297

The incidence of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases world-wide is expected to double by 2020. Risk-reducing strategies for breast cancer include lifestyle modifications, chemoprevention and surgery (bilateral mastectomy and/or oophorectomy). Lifestyle modifications include avoidance of postmenopausal obesity and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), regular physical activity, and restriction of alcohol and animal fat intake. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce the incidence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in high-risk healthy women. However, its routine use cannot be recommended for breast cancer prevention in healthy women due to its significant adverse effects, specifically in terms of endometrial carcinoma and thromboembolism. On the other hand, tamoxifen may be used for chemoprevention in women at high risk of developing ER-positive breast cancer and at low risk of developing complications. Raloxifene, another SERM, also appears to be effective in reducing breast cancer risk, and lacks the unwanted stimulatory effect on the uterus. Other promising chemopreventive agents currently under investigation include cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors, fenretinide, aromatase inhibitors, and goserelin. Prophylactic mastectomy can reduce breast cancer risk by 90% in high-risk women. Bilateral oophorectomy has the potential of reducing the risk of both breast and gynecologic cancer in women carrying BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutations. Further research is required to identify novel strategies to prevent ER-negative breast cancer, minimize the adverse effects of tamoxifen and other SERMs, and evaluate the role of mammary ductal lavage and ductoscopy in guiding risk-reducing strategies.
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PMID:Risk-reducing strategies for breast cancer--a review of recent literature. 1564 97

At present there is no oral medicine available which is effective for advanced or recurrent case of elderly patients with gynecologic cancer. We report that a low-dose biweekly paclitaxel administration preserves quality of life (QOL) and seems to be "tumor dormancy like" therapy of good compliance with few side effects. A total of 11 cases were in ovarian cancer (5), uterine cancer (3), cervical cancer (2), and uterine sarcoma (1). The median age was 68 years old and the age range was 50 to 79 years old. We performed a standard treatment as a first time treatment. Afterwards, we obtained complete informed consent from the patients for progressive or recurrent cancer and administered biweekly paclitaxel 70 mg/m2 (80-100 mg/body) on an outpatient basis. We reviewed the effect, side effect and compliance of the medication. We judged the side effect based on the Japanese cancer treatment society common toxicity criteria. The result was only one patient death from PD and the other 10 patients were PR or a state of NC without side effect. An ovary cancer case patient lived for 67 months at best, an endometrial cancer case patient lived for 62 months at best, a cervical cancer case patient lived for 74 months at best, and a recurrent uterine sarcoma case patient lived for 76 months after recurrence and the QOL was good. In addition, there was no onset of side effect more than grade 2 in all of the cases and a compliance of medical administration was good. In these cases, we thought that a low-dose of biweekly paclitaxel administration was regarded as a therapy to preserve QOL without a serious side effect and a good compliance of medication. Furthermore, we intend to increase more cases and would like to report them in the future.
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PMID:[A trial of biweekly paclitaxel administration in consideration of QOL for advanced or recurrent gynecologic cancer]. 1591 75

Most positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in gynecologic cancer are performed using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). It contributes valuable information in primary staging of untreated advanced cervical cancer, in the post-treatment surveillance with unexplained tumor marker (such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen [SCC-Ag]) elevation or suspicious of recurrence, and restaging of potentially curable recurrent cervical cancer. Its value in early-stage resectable cervical cancer is questionable. In ovarian cancer, FDG-PET provides benefits for those with plateaued or increasing abnormal serum CA 125 (>35 U/mL), computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging (CT-MRI) defined localized recurrence feasible for local destructive procedures (such as surgery, radiotherapy, or radiofrequency ablation), and clinically suspected recurrent or persistent cancer for which CT-guide biopsy cannot be performed. The role of FDG-PET in endometrial cancer is relatively less defined because of the lack of data in the literature. In our prospective study, FDG-PET coupled with MRI-CT may facilitate optimal management of endometrial cancer in well-selected cases. The clinical impact was positive in 29 (48.3%) of the 60 scans, 22.2% for primary staging, 73.1% for post-therapy surveillance, and 57.1% after salvage therapy, respectively. Scant studies have been reported in the management of vulvar cancer using FDG-PET. More data are needed. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is quite unique in biological behavior and clinical management. Our preliminary results suggest that FDG-PET is potentially useful in selected gestational trophoblastic neoplasia by providing a precise metastatic mapping of tumor extent up front, monitoring response, and localizing viable tumors after chemotherapy. The evaluation of a diagnostic tool, such as PET, is usually via comparing the diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity, specificity, etc), by using a more sophisticated receiver operating curve method, or the proportion of treatment been modified. Evaluating PET by clinical benefit is specific to the individual tumor and an attractive new endpoint.
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PMID:Positron emission tomography in gynecologic cancer. 1635 98

All the surgical procedures, which may be required to treat a gynecologic cancer, can be performed endoscopically. However prospective randomized studies required to confirm the oncologic efficacy of the technique are still lacking in gynecology, whereas such studies are available in digestive surgery. Animal studies suggested that the risk of tumor dissemination in non traumatized peritoneum is higher after a pneumoperitoneum than after a laparotomy. Experimental studies also emphasized two points: the surgeon and the surgical technique are essential, all the parameters of the pneumoperitoneum may influence the postoperative dissemination. Changing these parameters we may, in the future, be able to create a peritoneal environment adapted to oncologic patients in order to prevent or to decrease the risks of peritoneal dissemination and/or of postoperative tumor growth. Until the results of prospective randomized studies become available, the preoperative selection of the patients and the surgical technique should be very strict. In patients with endometrial cancer, the laparoscopic approach should be reserved to clinical stage I disease, if the vaginal extraction is anticipated to be easy accounting for the volume of the uterus and the local conditions. In cervical cancer, the laparoscopic approach should be reserved to patients with favorable prognostic factors: stage IB of less than 2 cm in diameter. Laparoscopy is the gold standard for the surgical diagnosis of adnexal masses. But the puncture should be avoided whenever possible. The surgical treatment of invasive ovarian cancer should be performed by laparotomy whatever the stage. In contrast restaging of an early ovarian cancer initially managed as a benign mass, is a good indication of the laparoscopic approach. The laparoscopic management of low malignant potential tumors should include a complete staging of the peritoneum. Knowledge of the principles of endoscopy and of oncologic surgery is required. Teaching and diffusion of endoscopic oncological techniques are among the major challenges of gynecologic surgery within the next few years.
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PMID:[Laparoscopy and gynecologic cancer in 2005]. 1657 58


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