Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, we examined the incidence of the uterine neoplasia in Niigata prefecture on the basis of the data collected by the Niigata Gynecologic Cancer Registry between 1982 and 1984. The results are as follows: The registered cases with dysplasia (Dysp.), cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS), cervical invasive carcinoma (Inv. Ca.) and endometrial carcinoma (End. Ca) were 358, 147, 530 and 141, respectively. One hundred and ninety-six cases with Dysp., 81 cases with CIS, 99 cases with Inv. Ca. and 10 cases with End. Ca. were detected by mass cancer screening. The crude incidence rate for Dysp., CIS, Inv. Ca. and End. Ca. was 9.44, 3.88, 13.98 and 3.72, respectively. The age standardized incidence rate (all age, world population) for Dysp., CIS, Inv. Ca. and End. Ca. was 7.48, 3.08, 9.45 and 2.63, respectively. The age standardized incidence rate (over 30 years, world population) for Dysp., CIS, Inv. Ca, and End. Ca. was 16.48, 6.77, 21.00 and 5.90, respectively. The lifetime incidence rate for uterine carcinoma in women aged 0 approximately 75 years was 1.65%.
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PMID:[Regional registration study of uterine neoplasia in Niigata Prefecture]. 355 27

The risk of endometrial cancer in relation to cigarette consumption was evaluated in a hospital-based case-control study of breast and genital neoplasms conducted in Milan, northern Italy. For the present analysis, 357 women (cases) with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer were compared to a group of 1122 women (controls) admitted for a large spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to smoking or to any of the known or potential risk factors for endometrial cancer. Compared with never-smokers, the multivariate relative risk estimates were for current 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30-0.70] and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.50-1.46) for ex-smokers. The negative association of endometrial cancer with current smoking was not influenced by menopausal status as well as by other major identified potential confounding factors, i.e. menstrual and reproductive history, body mass index, oral contraceptive or estrogen replacement therapy use and family gynecologic cancer history. However, there was no evidence of a dose-risk effect, since the relative risks were similar in moderate and heavy smokers. The present study confirms that smoking is less frequent in cases hospitalized for endometrial cancer than in a comparison group of patients with non-smoking-related acute conditions. This negative association is perhaps explained in terms of reduced estrogen levels in smokers, though the influence and the importance of some uncontrolled selection bias (due, for instance, to longer hospital stay of smokers even when admission diagnosis was for non-smoking-related conditions) cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking and the risk of endometrial cancer. 366 88

Endometrial carcinoma is now the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States and its incidence is increasing. Many investigators attribute this to exogenous factors over which little control has been exerted in the western world. Obesity, dietary fat content, and changing patterns of parity and lifestyle seem significant. Moreover, there appears to be an emerging virulence noted, particularly in some centers. Improved surgical staging and a better understanding of virulence factors will increase the number of patients requiring treatment to fields larger than heretofore recognized. We can expect that one third of the patients with endometrial cancer will require treatment for widespread disease or recurrent disease. Progestational treatment is useful in approximately one-third of all patients with recurrent disease. Thus, systemic nonhormonal chemotherapy must be developed if cure rates in this disease are to improve appreciably. In 1974, only 126 patients had been reported to have been treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy for endometrial cancer. Since that time, experience has demonstrated that the most active single agents are adriamycin, cisplatin, and hexamethylmelamine. These drugs produce a 30-40% response rate when used individually. Multidrug regimens employing various combinations have achieved responses of 15-85% with and without the inclusion of a progestational agent. The median duration of response has been increased but cures are still relatively few. Adverse effects are tolerable and age is not a contraindication to the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Adjuvant treatment is being tested and optimism for future success is justified.
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PMID:Cytotoxic chemotherapy for patients with endometrial carcinoma. 379 31

Forty-one women recently diagnosed with early-stage cervical or endometrial cancer and a matched group of healthy women in no gynecologic distress, participated in a detailed assessment of their sexual functioning. Data included the range and frequency of sexual behavior, level of sexual responsiveness, and the presence of sexual dysfunction. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that prior to the onset of cancer signs/symptoms the gynecologic cancer patients reported similar patterns of sexual activity and responsiveness as the healthy sample. With the appearance of disease signs, however, the gynecologic cancer patients reported experiencing significant sexual dysfunction symptoms. While sexual morbidity is typically conceptualized as occurring after the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, these data indicate that such changes are a major source of variation in describing the prediagnosis sexual status of the gynecologic cancer patient.
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PMID:Sexual dysfunction and signs of gynecologic cancer. 395 25

As part of our efforts to define subpopulations at increased risk for gynecologic malignancies, sera from 145 women were obtained prior to diagnosis and analyzed for antibody to asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide. This neutral glycolipid is present on the surface of thymocytes and natural killer cells, and asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibody has been shown in animals to block natural killer cell activity and promote tumor cell proliferation. With the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with a value of 2 SD above the mean for healthy women designated as the boundary for a positive response, antibody to asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide was detected in only one of 30 (3%) healthy women, none of 16 pregnant women, none of 18 women with benign masses, and two of 24 (8%) women with microbial infections. All of the above samples that contained antibodies were barely over the 2 SD limit. In marked contrast, 19 of 35 (54%) women with gynecologic malignancies had asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibodies, with positive values ranging to greater than 10 SD above the control mean. Asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibody was found in six of eight (75%) patients with cervical cancer, five of eight (63%) with endometrial cancer, and seven of 15 (47%) with ovarian cancer. Of the eight patients with Stage I gynecologic cancer at any site, five (62%) had asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibodies. Four of 22 (18%) women with Hodgkin's disease also had antibodies, with values just exceeding 2 SD above control levels. The presence of these antibodies may contribute to an impaired immune surveillance system in these women and so increase their susceptibility to malignancy.
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PMID:Antibodies to the neutral glycolipid asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide: association with gynecologic cancers. 397 67

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was determined in sera of patients with gynecologic tumors using the single radial immunodiffusion method. The normal limit of IAP of 490 micrograms/ml was derived from the mean value + 2 SD of IAP in 150 healthy females. Among 141 patients with gynecologic cancers, serum IAP was elevated in 87 patients (62%). Among 190 patients with benign tumors (98 uterine myoma, 92 benign ovarian tumors) serum IAP was elevated in 14 patients (7%). Elevated levels of IAP were recognized in 43% of 77 patients with cervical cancer, in 55% of 11 endometrial cancer patients, and in 91% of 53 ovarian cancer patients. The frequency of elevated levels showed a tendency to increase with advancing stage of disease. In ovarian cancer elevation of IAP was observed even in early stages. All of 13 patients with recurrent cervical cancer had elevated IAP while only 6 of 35 (17%) previously treated patients without evidence of recurrence had elevated IAP. Immunosuppressive acidic protein determinations may be useful in monitoring the recurrence of cervical cancer. The measurement of serum IAP as a marker for gynecologic cancer is recommended as an addition to diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with gynecologic cancer. 674 2

Autologous blood transfusion, as an alternative to homologous blood, must be considered for those patients who require blood. Transfusion in gynecologic oncology surgery is often required and autologous blood transfusion has been utilized. Between January 1988 and December 1992 a total of 162 surgical procedures for gynecologic cancers were performed in the same number of patients. Of these only 102 were eligible for autologous blood transfusion as predonation. The mean age of patients was 57.8 years (range 35-81). Forty-three patients were affected with endometrial carcinoma, 31 with carcinoma of the cervix, 21 with ovarian carcinoma and 7 with vulvar cancer. Collected autologous blood units were 138 (mean 1.35 every patient). Indications for predeposited blood transfusion was given by a hemorrhage greater than 100 cc intraoperatively or hemoglobin level less than 10 g/dl until 1988 or less than 8 g/dl since 1989. Forty-eight (34.8%) of the collected units were transfused to 39 autologous donors (mean 1.2 units every patient). There was a significant difference in transfusion rate in patients: endometrium 25.8%, ovary 28%, cervix 45%, vulva 72.7%. Unused autologous blood units were discarded at the expiration date: they were 90, 65% of collected ones. In 6 patients homologous blood was necessary other than autotransfusions. Our experience demonstrates that the transfusion requirement in gynecologic cancer surgery depends on pattern of neoplasm and consequently of surgical procedure. Patients with carcinoma of the cervix and vulva are at risk for transfusion and have appropriate indications for autologous donation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Autologous blood collection in gynecologic oncologic surgery]. 806 87

Several provocative studies in gynecologic cancer were recently presented. Long-term follow-up of ovarian cancer patients has confirmed the clinical impression of a low survival. Novel classes of active chemotherapeutics are the second-generation topoisomerase I inhibitors, irinotecan (CPT-11) and topotecan, and the taxanes, Taxol (Bristol-Meyers, Wallingford, CT) and Taxotere (Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France). Dose intensity remains an intriguing issue. Biologic agents, including monoclonal antibodies, are being developed for palliation of ascites. In cervical cancer, use of retinoids and interferons has opened up a new avenue of investigation. Use of the World Health Organization sophisticated scoring criteria has improved the primary treatment of trophoblastic disease. Advances in salvage therapy have been noted. Progress in the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer and uterine sarcomas is beginning.
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PMID:Systemic therapy for gynecologic cancer. 810 75

The past year has not seen any breakthroughs in radiation treatment of gynecologic cancer. In reference to cervix cancer, important contributions concerning side effects and the role of radiosensitizers were published. The lack of randomized trials dealing with adjuvant radiotherapy is obvious. Improvement based on technical progress can be expected. For ovarian cancer, an important review about whole abdominal irradiation as adjuvant therapy was published. The long-term complication rate of whole abdominal irradiation is acceptable, but whether adjuvant whole abdominal irradiation has an effect upon survival superior to that of chemotherapy is still discussed. Combined treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy for advanced ovarian cancer is feasible, but there is no proof that the addition of radiotherapy improves survival. Literature about endometrial cancer was scarce in 1992 and did not contribute to the major question: Does adjuvant radiotherapy have any effect in endometrial cancer?
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PMID:Radiotherapy for gynecologic cancer. 821 2

The staging of gynecologic cancers requires the knowledge of lymph node status and thus pelvic and/or lumbo-aortic lymphadenectomy remains, to date, a widely used procedure. Lymphoceles are a frequent complication of surgical lymph node dissection. They are lymph collections in the retroperitoneum following the continuous drainage of afferent lymph vessels. To assess the incidence of this complication, its CT features and the role of diagnostic imaging to treat lymphoceles, 140 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Forty of them had undergone pelvic and/or lumbo-aortic lymphadenectomy for proved endometrial carcinoma, 51/140 for proved carcinoma of the cervix uteri, and 49/140 for proved malignant epithelial cancer in the ovary. CT exams were performed during the follow-up, not on a systematic basis but only when a recurrence was clinically suspected (117 cases), or in the presence of surgery and/or irradiation complications (11 cases), or to assess the extent of residual lesion during chemo/radiotherapy (12 cases). Fifty-three lymphoceles were observed in 36 patients: they were monolateral in 18 cases and bilateral in 16; in 34 cases the lymphoceles were found in the iliac space and in 3 cases only in the median perivascular lumbo-aortic space. In the patients with clinically suspected recurrence (117 patients, 27 lymphoceles), lymphoceles were associated with the recurrence in 25 cases, while they were the only CT evidence of a mass in 2 patients. In the cases with clinically suspected complications of former irradiation and surgery (11 patients, 3 lymphoceles), lymphoceles were correctly differentiated from abscesses (2 cases), seroceles (1 case), and hematomas (2 cases). In the group of asymptomatic patients monitored for residual disease (12 patients, 5 lymphoceles), lymphoceles were an occasional finding and, since they caused no complications to the urinary and GI tracts, they were never treated. Four asymptomatic patients only, with no evidence of disease, were submitted to transcutaneous aspiration and drainage under CT-US guidance (1.7 procedures per patient), and lymphoceles resolved in 3/4 cases. The only lymphocele recurring more than once required another laparotomy. In our experience, lymphoceles appear as a common sequela of pelvic lymphadenectomy for gynecologic cancer. CT has proved to be a useful diagnostic tool to assess and characterize the lesions, which must be differentiated from other postoperative complications and from recurring tumors. Lymphoceles needed to treatment in most cases and thus only symptomatic patients, with no cancer, were submitted to aspiration and drainage under CT-US guidance; the maneuver was successful on 75% of cases.
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PMID:[CT in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoceles following gynecologic cancer surgery]. 834 41


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