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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) includes a spectrum of lesions with unclear malignant potential. To examine the association between the most advanced forms of hyperplasia and the occurrence of endometrial cancer, we compared the findings of endometrial biopsies or curettings with the subsequent hysterectomy specimens in 44 women who underwent hysterectomy for "atypical" EH in the 39-month period from January 1, 1989 through April 1, 1992. Endometrial cancer was found in 19 (43%) of 44 hysterectomy specimens obtained within a mean of 10 weeks of uterine sampling. Myometrial invasion was present in 17 (89%) of the 19 specimens with cancer, while significant myometrial invasion (FIGO Stage IC or higher) was present in 7 (37%), and 4 (21%) were Grade 2 or higher. Preoperative sampling method and type of atypical hyperplasia (simple vs complex) were not significantly associated with the finding of cancer at hysterectomy. Although over one-third of the cancers found were in the less than 50 age group, an age of 70 or greater was significantly associated with cancer at hysterectomy (P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). In a limited set of hysterectomy specimens for which estrogen and progesterone receptor status was assayed (n = 11), there was no significant difference between the invasive cancer and EH subsets. Our findings suggest that women who are candidates for hysterectomy on the basis of atypical EH should be carefully evaluated for the possibility of advanced disease. The specimens in these circumstances should be opened upon removal to determine if myometrial invasion is present and if further surgical staging is indicated.
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PMID:Invasive endometrial cancer in uteri resected for atypical endometrial hyperplasia. 815 94

Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, accounting for some 36,000 cases of invasive cancer each year. Hyperplastic lesions of the endometrium follow a continuum, with the risk of progression to carcinoma being related to the severity of the disorder. Risk factors associated with the development of adenocarcinoma include hyperplasia, obesity, menstrual abnormalities, diabetes, hypertension, prior pelvic irradiation, sequential oral contraceptive use, diet, and exogenous estrogen use. There is also some evidence of genetic predisposition, and some data indicating the possibility of specific genetic abnormalities and activation of oncogenes as factors determining the etiology of the disease. At this time there is no accepted screening test for endometrial carcinoma, though the role of immunochemistry techniques for screening and follow-up has just begun to be realized. Dilatation and curettage along with hysteroscopy remain the major means of diagnosis. A variety of prognostic variables including tumor cell type, histologic grade, depth of myometrial invasion, status of peritoneal cytology, presence of disease in preformed vascular spaces, presence of adnexal metastases, and presence of cervical involvement have been defined. Although the treatment plan for each patient must be individualized, the mainstay of treatment remains total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Metastatic and recurrent disease is usually treated with hormonal therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Radiation therapy like surgery in recurrent disease is only applicable for the treatment of local recurrences.
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PMID:Endometrial adenocarcinoma. 840 Apr 24

The usefulness of prognostic factors in gynecological cancer was evaluated using the oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA viruses detected with the molecular biological technique. In uterine cervical cancer, HPV types 16 and 18 are considered to have a high oncogenic risk, and are commonly associated with high grade CIN and invasive cancer under persistent HPV infection. C-myc overexpression in advanced stage and p53 mutation in HPV negative case are associated with poor survival. In endometrial cancer, oncogene activation and expression are less frequent than in cervical and ovarian cancer. K-ras point mutation (codon 12) tumors are more aggressive and c-erbB-2 overexpression are associated with metastasis and poor survival. In ovarian cancer, there are numerous abnormalities of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Especially, EGF-R and PDGF-R alpha expression are associated with decreased survival. p53 mutation also decreases survival and response to chemotherapy. Recently. MSH2 (Lynch II syndrome) and BRCA1 gene are known to relate with familial ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of prognostic factors in gynecological cancer examined by molecular biological study]. 868 14

The purpose of this study was to estimate the relative risk of breast and colorectal cancers in women who were previously diagnosed with endometrial cancer. This study was conducted using a population-based cohort of 2347 women diagnosed with invasive cancer of the endometrium between January 1, 1984, and December 31, 1995 in Orange County, California. Only women with a diagnosis of invasive endometrial cancer at age 80 years old or below were included in the analysis (N = 2170). In this same cohort, metachronous and synchronous breast and colorectal cancers were ascertained and the risk of developing one or the other type of neoplasm was compared to the expected number of cases derived from cancer incidence in California by age, 1988-1992. We found a statistically increased risk of breast cancer as a second primary, while the observed incidence in colorectal risk did not reach statistical significance. The association between endometrial cancer and breast and possibly colorectal cancer indicates the importance of common etiologies for these cancers.
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PMID:Risk for breast and colorectal cancers subsequent to cancer of the endometrium in a population-based case series. 926 72

About 13% of all colorectal cancer may be dominantly inherited. This amounts to about 300 new cases a year in Norway. Colorectal cancer can be cured by early diagnosis and treatment. Coloscopy with polypectomy may prevent infiltrating cancer. Affected families should be offered genetic evaluation, and family members subjected to regular colonoscopy. The genetic bases of five colorectal cancer syndromes, accounting for most cases of hereditary early onset colorectal cancer, have now been determined. These are familial adenomatous polyposis, colon-endometrial cancer (hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer), Cowden's syndrome, Peutz-Jegher's syndrome and juvenile polyposis. These account for at most 3% of all colorectal cancers. In this group, predictive genetic testing may be employed in families with known mutation. Demonstration of mutation carriers by predictive testing must be based on health service available to the persons at risk. With regard to prophylactic measures, experimental and epidemiological data suggest a preventive effect of aspirin and resistant starch. Empirical information on the effect of intervention is insufficient; multicentre studies are needed.
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PMID:[Hereditary colorectal cancer]. 1059 56

Recent reports suggest that atypical endometrial hyperplasia diagnosed by biopsy or curettage is accompanied by a higher than expected risk of coexistent invasive cancer. In order to test this hypothesis we reviewed the pathology and clinical history of all patients at our institution who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial hyperplasia with or without cytologic atypia. We found 24 patients of 45 with a preoperative diagnosis of hyperplasia with cytologic atypia, and 21 with simple or complex hyperplasia without atypia. No cancers were found at surgery in the latter group nor were any significant historical differences found between the two groups. Of the patients with atypia, 12/24 (50%) had an endometrial carcinoma and nine patients (37.5%) were stage IB or greater. This is a significantly greater risk than previously reported in the literature. Endometrial hyperplasia with cytologic atypia may carry a higher risk of coexistent invasive endometrial carcinoma than previously believed. Methods to identify those patients at highest risk should be determined.
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PMID:Endometrial hyperplasia and the risk of carcinoma. 1157 82

Findings of several recent epidemiological studies of the relationship between oral contraceptives (OC) and the development of cancer were summarized. Enough time has now elapsed since the introduction of OCs to enable investigators to examine the latent and longterm effects of OC use on the development of cancer. In general recent findings indicated that OC use was not associated with the development of breast cancer breast cancer and was negatively associated with endometrial ovarian cancer. Findings in regard to cervical and liver cancer cases and melanoma were unclear. In reference to breast cancer, in a study of 1191 breast cancer cases and 5026 controls, conduct Rosenberg and others, the relative risk of breast cancer for women who ever used OCs as compared with women who never used OC was 1.0. No increased risk was observes for women who 1) used OCs for more than 5 years, even 10 years following OC discontinuance; 2) took OCs while they were nulliparous or premenopausal; 3) had a family history of benign or 1st degree breast cancer. 4735 breast cancer patients and 4685 controls were included in the recent Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study (cash) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control. Results indicated that the relative risk of breast cancer for every users of OCs compared to never users was 0.9. No increased risk was observed for women who took OCs for 10 or more or 20 or more years. No increased risk was associated with any of the OC formulations commonly available in the US. The cash data were also used to assess issues raised in 2 other studies. A Los Angeles study of 314 cases and 314 controls found that women who used high progestin OCs for 2 or more years had s significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer by age 37, and a Britidh study found that OC use of 4 or more years prior ro 1st pregnancy was associated with an increase risk of cancer by age 45. In terms of the cash data no increased risk of breast cancer by the ages specified above was observed for these 2 identically defined subgroups of OC users. Several studies found that the risk of developing ovarian cancer was reduced by 50% for OC users. Furthermore, the risk decreased as duration of OC use increased, and the protevtive effect continued for at least 10 years following discontinuation of OC use. An initial analysis of CASH data revealed that the reduced risk was associated with all types of OC formulations currently marketed in the US. Several studies found a similar reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer among OC users. According to the CASH data, the relative risk of endometrial cancer was 0.5 for women who used OC for 12 or more months compared to never users, the protective effect lasted for at least 10 years, and the reduced risk was observed for the 7 most common OCs used in US. Most studies which included OC users detected a positive relattionship between OC use and the development of cervical neoplasms however, the data in these studies is subject to selective and misclassification biases and confounding effects. Despite these problems, there is a possibility that OC use enhances the risk of cevical neoplasms and speeds up the transition from cervical dyplasia to invasive cancer. The results of studies. Taking into account the role of sun exposure, need to be undertaken. The relationship between OC use and liver tumors has not be examined epidemiologically, and this deficit should be corrected.
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PMID:Researchers can now investigate long-term effects of OCs on cancer. 1227 18

There has been interest in the literature in the possible existence of a gene that predisposes to both breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We describe the detailed characterisation of one kindred, MON1080, with 10 cases of BC or CRC invasive cancer among 26 first-, second- or third-degree relatives. Linkage analysis suggested that a mutation was present in BRCA2. DNA sequencing from III: 22 (diagnosed with lobular BC) identified a BRCA2 exon 3 542G>T (L105X) mutation. Her sister (III: 25) had BC and endometrial cancer and carries the same mutation. Following immunohistochemical and microsatellite instability studies, mutation analysis by protein truncation test, cDNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR revealed a deletion of MSH2 exon 8 in III: 25, confirming her as a double heterozygote for truncating mutations in both BRCA2 and MSH2. The exon 8 deletion was identified as a 14.9 kb deletion occurring between two Alu sequences. The breakpoint lies within a sequence of 45 bp that is identical in both Alu sequences. In this large BC/CRC kindred, MON1080, disease-causing truncating mutations are present in both MSH2 and BRCA2. There appeared to be no increased susceptibility to the development of colorectal tumours in BRCA2 mutation carriers or to the development of breast tumours in MSH2 mutation carriers. Additionally, two double heterozygotes did not appear to have a different phenotype than would be expected from the presence of a mutation in each gene alone.
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PMID:Germline truncating mutations in both MSH2 and BRCA2 in a single kindred. 1473 97

Adenomyosis cancerous transformation (AMCT) was observed in a 48-year old female without cancer of the endometrium. Various forms of transformation (stages of AMCT morphogensis) in and outside of denomyosis (AM) foci are described (adenomatosis, invasive cancer, metastases). AMCT diagnosis requires histologic examination of the surgical material with establishing multicentric tumor transformation of AM foci at different stages of morphogenesis. Early intramural tumor cell embolism and metastases worsens prognosis.
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PMID:[Cancer transformation of adenomyosis]. 1620

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common invasive cancer of the female genital tract and accounts for 7% of all invasive cancer in women. Bony metastasis is uncommon with endometrial carcinoma and distal metastasis is very rare. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of an 86 year-old female with endometrial carcinoma metastasis to the distal phalanx of the hallux. The patient had a known history of endometrial carcinoma with metastases (FIGO IIIC), and had been diagnosed with pulmonary and bony metastases 2 months prior to presentation. Her initial foot complaint was of a painful, infected ingrown toenail. The infection continued to progress following avulsion of the nail, and the patient was then diagnosed with osteomyelitis. Given her past history, the possibility of metastasis to the hallux was also considered. A hallux amputation was performed, and the pathology report revealed the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma metastasis to the distal phalanx of the hallux. While the amputation site healed uneventfully, the patient refused further treatment measures for her carcinoma and eventually succumbed to the disease.
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PMID:Endometrial carcinoma metastasis to the distal phalanx of the hallux: a case report. 1625 76


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