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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both estrogen and progestin receptor concentrations vary in a predictive temporal pattern for breast cancer; in epithelial ovarian cancer a temporal rhythmic pattern is suggested for estrogen receptor concentration only. No pattern for either receptor is seen for endometrial cancer.
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PMID:Circannual rhythms in steroid receptor concentration in gynecologic and breast cancers. 382 23

Computerized tomography has been introduced in studies concerning neoplastic pathology of the pelvis. In this study, we have attempted to define a series of radiological signs, resulting from CT tests of pelvis or abdomen in patients with gynaecological tumors, each of which corresponds to a particular anatomopathologic situation. For each gynaecologic tumor, there is a set of more frequently found signs, the presence of which, in the single case, depends on the stage of evolution of the disease. In the staging of cervical or endometrial carcinoma, the evaluation of the relation to the bladder and rectum is very important, just like vaginal, parametrial and ureteral infiltration. In the presurgical staging of ovarian carcinoma the CT can reveal the size and shape of mono- or bilateral ovarian tumour masses and the relation that they have established with the pelvic organs and with the intestine. In spite of inevitable limitations the CT plays an essential role in gynaecologic oncologic diagnostics.
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PMID:Computerized tomography (CT) semeiotics in the presurgical evaluation of gynaecological neoplasias. 405 50

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was examined by radioimmunoassay in 125 Japanese with various gynecological malignancies. Elevated serum AFP levels were frequently noted in patients with yolk sac tumor and solid teratoma, while normal AFP levels (less than or equal to 20 ng/ml) were seen in those with vulvar carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma or ovarian carcinoma. Serum AFP levels were also within normal range in patients with uterine choriocarcinoma or ovarian dysgerminoma. The present findings indicate that serum AFP is an effective marker substance for the diagnosis of both yolk sac tumor and solid teratoma.
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PMID:Serum alpha fetoprotein in gynaecologic related malignancies. 616 66

An immunoradiometric assay with the use of a monoclonal antibody can detect an antigenic determinant (CA125) in peripheral blood from more than 80% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. In this report elevated levels of CA125 were detected in serum from patients with adenocarcinomas of the fallopian tube, endometrium, and endocervix. Among patients with endometrial cancer, CA125 levels were elevated in recurrent or disseminated disease but not with tumors confined to the uterus.
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PMID:Elevation of serum CA125 in carcinomas of the fallopian tube, endometrium, and endocervix. 620 Oct 72

Determination of the tissue concentration of hormone receptors in gynaecological malignancies has achieved a great importance over the past few years. In carcinoma of the breast this not only constitutes an excellent prognostic parameter, receptor-positive cases usually having a much better prognosis, but also reliably predicts the response to endocrine treatment: the higher the receptor concentration, the higher the remission incidence under hormonal treatment. With regard to the response to chemotherapeutic treatment the predictive value of receptor determinations is still a matter of dispute. In both carcinoma of the breast and carcinoma of the endometrium there is a good correlation between the degree of differentiation and the concentration of receptors. Since the response to treatment with progestational agents depends on the concentration of progesterone receptors, induction of this receptor by means of antioestrogenic medication can be used therapeutically. In ovarian carcinoma a similar distribution of hormone receptors is found. Whether receptor concentration in ovarian carcinoma is related to prognosis and response to endocrine treatment is still under investigation. It can be assumed that determination of hormone receptor concentrations will become an integral part of the management of gynaecological malignancies.
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PMID:[The importance of hormone receptor analysis for diagnosis and therapy of gynecologic malignancies]. 631 Sep 2

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) shows a worlwide trend toward increase in industrialized nations which cannot be explained solely by the longer life expectancy of women although the incidence of EC increases at later age (10-20/100,000 women overall; 1/1000 women in 50-70 year olds). Mortality rate of EC has decreased and 5-year survival rate has increased. Besides age factors and individual disposition, endocrine factors are important in the etiology of EC. Obesity effects estrogen metabolism: in extraglandular aromatization fo androstanedione estrone is formed which, in turn, is metabolized to estradiol in the endometrium. A higher plasma level of estradiol is found in obesity with a correspondingly lower sex hormonebinding globulin capacity. Anovulation, corpus luteum insufficiency (as in the polycystic ovary syndrome) and nulliparity are risk factors because of uninhibited estrogen-induced endometrial proliferation with increased cell-turnover rate. This may lead to precancerous conditions and EC. Whearas estrogens of themselves are not carcinogenic they promote EC; epidemiologic studies have shown an increased risk and incidence of EC in postmenopausal women on longterm estrogen therapy. Although these studies are thus far inconclusive there appears to be a dose and time-dependent risk factor. Continued administration carries a greater risk than cyclic administration. Risk and incidence increase with duration of use; likewise, a 1.25 mg dose of conjugated estrogens carries twice the risk of a smaller dose. On the other had, estrogen-related EC is diagnosed earlier and treated more successfully (92% survival). Progestins inhibit estrogen-induced proliferation; the incidence of endometrial and/or ovarian carcinoma related to the use of hormonal contraceptives has dropped since the advent and use of combination pills with their low estrogen content.
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PMID:[Current views on the epidemiology and etiology of endometrial carcinoma]. 635 Jan 18

Both animal experimental work and epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory research on the effects of endogenous hormones in the human have made it clear that some influence of administered female sex hormones on the risk of certain cancers would be anticipated, and this has turned out to be the case. This review focuses on the administration of hormones during pregnancy, around the time of the menopause, and to prevent pregnancy. In the daughters who were exposed in utero to stilbestrol during the 1950s and 1960s, the most important effect is the development of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix. Few cases of this disease have been reported before puberty, but the cumulative risk thereafter up to the age of 24 years is estimated to be between 1.4 and 4/10,000 exposed. Much less attention has been paid to the mothers who actually took the stilbestrol than to their daughters, but the published data fail to provide any convincing evidence of an increased risk of either breast or reporductive cancer among them. Regarding the administration of hormones around the time of menopause, it is well established that unopposed estrogen therapy in menopausal women can cause endometrial cancer. This has been demonstrated in a large number of case control studies reported since 1975. Most of these studies were conducted in the US and most concern the drup Premarin (conjugated equine estrogens). Some cohort studies also have been reported, and they largely support the results of the case control studies. There is now little doubt that combined oral contraceptives (OCs) protect against both epithelial ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Preliminary findings in the major cohort studies concerned with the longterm effects of OC use also are encouraging. A series of large case control studies conducted during the 1970s showed clearly that there is no general association between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk, but these large studies included few women with appreciable OC use at an early age and accordingly the publication by Pike et al. in 1981 caused much concern. Pike's study involved 163 women in Los Angeles County in whom breast cancer has been diagnosed at age 32 or less, together with a like number of neighborhood controls. Vessey et al. (1982) and the Centers for Disease control subsequently published results which did not support the California findings. Preliminary results from a new case control study conducted in Oxford and in London since 1980 suggest an increased risk of breast cancer in young women who have prolonged OC use before 1st pregnancy. The situation is very confusing and it may be some time before there is a conclusive answer. In a large cohort study conducted in Los Angeles, rates of progression from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma in situ were much higher in women using Ovulen than in women using IUDs.
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PMID:Exogenous hormones in the aetiology of cancer in women. 637 76

According to animal, human, and laboratory data, the major, life-threatening risks to the woman from exogenous estrogens are neoplastic and cardiovascular. These risks are, to some extent, related to dose, duration of therapy, and certain predisposing individual factors. Except for endometrial carcinoma, the risks have not been adequately studied and are therefore not defined. Because of their potential magnitude collectively, no intelligent assessment of the risk-benefit ratios can be can be carried out until the effect, if any, on the susceptibility for breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, and cardiovascular disease is determined.
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PMID:The benefits of estrogen to the menopausal woman outweigh the risks of developing endometrial cancer. 643 Apr 82

A retrospective analysis of the clinico-pathologic aspects of 22 cases of clear cell ovarian carcinoma with a literature survey is the subject of this report. The rarity of these neoplasms below the age of 40 is reaffirmed. Tumor-related hypercalcemia was observed in two patients and postoperative thromboembolic complications were encountered in three others. Electron microscopic examination revealed abundant cytoplasmic glycogen content in two cases. Ten patients in this group and 26% in reported series had coexistent endometriosis. Association with endometrial carcinoma was observed in two patients and was reported in 14% of the cases. No patient of ours with Stage III or IV disease survived 5 years or longer and only 8% have reportedly survived in collective series. There was suggestive evidence of radiation tumor response in two patients with Stage IIC disease who had received 5,000 rads pelvic radiotherapy. Objective partial responses were also observed with adriamycin-, cytoxan-, and cis-platinum-containing combinations. A management plan is outlined.
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PMID:Clear cell ovarian adenocarcinoma. 650 4

Concentrations in sera of a new antigen CA 125 related to ovarian carcinoma were measured by radioimmunoassay employing a monoclonal antibody, and its usefulness as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma was discussed. False positive rate in sera of healthy controls (30 females) was 6.7% when the cut-off value was set at 35 U/ml and none of them showed any reaction over 65 U/ml. The mean value of CA 125 levels in sera from healthy controls was 23.5 +/- 8.7 U/ml. Positive rates for CA 125 in sera from various patients were 77.8% for ovarian carcinoma (14 of 18 cases), 18.2% for cervical carcinoma (2 of 11 cases), 62.5% for endometrial carcinoma (5 of 8 cases), 25.0% for myoma uteri (2 of 8 cases), and 7.7% for benign ovarian tumor (1 of 13 cases) when the cut-off value was set at 35 U/ml. Notably, there was a positive rate of 100% (9 of 9 cases) for serous cystadenocarcinoma. From the above, it was shown that the CA 125 radioimmunoassay (RIA) could detect ovarian carcinoma at an early stage and gave information concerning the histological class of carcinoma. Moreover, the CA 125 level in sera reflected clinical progress very well, and it was also suggested that the measurement of CA 125 level in sera reflected clinical progress very well, and it was also suggested that the measurement of CA 125 levels in sera was useful for the monitoring of ovarian carcinoma.
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PMID:[CA 125 (cancer antigen 125), a new tumor associated antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody]. 659 78


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