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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Screening chest radiographs do not reduce mortality from lung cancer. Should an incidental noncalcified pulmonary parenchymal nodule be discovered, chest CT will demonstrate one third of such patients to, in fact, have the multiple nodules of metastatic disease. CT is very helpful to guide fine needle aspiration biopsy of lung lesions and to assist in evaluation for resectability. MR can be helpful in special circumstances, including the definition of the extent of paravertebral, superior sulcus, and diaphragmatic lesions. Endorectal ultrasound is not sensitive enough to function as a screening tool for prostate cancer but is used routinely to guide biopsies. CT and MR are rarely helpful in staging this disease. Given the highly characteristic trait of bone metastasis in prostate cancer, a bone scan is mandatory in all patients. Double contrast barium enema can be used as an adjunct or alternative to sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer screening, in the preoperative evaluation of patients, and in postoperative surveillance. CT and MR can detect macroscopic adenopathy and liver metastases; CT is generally the preferred study. Screening mammography can have a major impact in reducing breast cancer mortality. It is recommended that a baseline study be obtained at age 35. Annual or biannual examinations should commence at age 40. Any palpable lesion, whether or not it is demonstrated mammographically, must be subjected to biopsy. Ultrasound is the most useful initial imaging study for evaluating pelvic masses. MR will, on occasion, identify the origin of a mass not determinable from ultrasound scan. MR is particularly valuable to identify parametrial spread (inoperability) of cervical cancer, and has been underused for this purpose. Surgery remains the mainstay for the staging of ovarian and endometrial cancer, although CT can be helpful to identify macroscopic relapse, ascites, or liver metastases. Bone scan and liver CT remain the standard procedures for detecting metastases in these respective organ systems. MR can be invaluable in the imaging of epidural metastasis and spinal cord compression in patients with vertebral metastatic disease. Contrast-enhanced MR is more sensitive than contrast-enhanced CT for detecting brain metastases, but the latter remains a useful tool. Chest CT can improve the detection of pulmonary metastases when this is of crucial importance.
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PMID:Diagnostic imaging in cancer. 146 83

Staging bone scans or skeletal surveys were obtained of 97 patients with endometrial carcinoma. Of the 77 patients with Stage I or II disease, no metastases were identified at staging. Three patients in the entire series demonstrated bony metastases; all of these metastases were detectable by radionuclide bone scan and radiographic bone survey. Eighty-nine patients were examined with radionuclide liver/spleen scanning at the time of staging. Four of the 89 initial scans were interpreted as demonstrating hepatocellular disease, and all four patients had abnormal liver function studies. Only one patient demonstrated a possible hepatic metastasis at initial diagnosis. This patient also had abnormal liver function studies. Based on these results, bone surveys and radionuclide bone scans are not indicated as screening procedures in endometrial carcinoma. It is suggested that screening for liver metastases in patients with endometrial carcinoma is not warranted in patients with normal liver function studies.
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PMID:Radionuclide liver and bone scanning in the evaluation of patients with endometrial carcinoma. 627 56

We have developed an orthotopic model for human endometrial carcinoma in nude mice. The human serous papillary endometrial carcinoma cell line SPEC-2 was injected into the subcutis (ectopic site) or uterine wall (orthotopic site) of athymic mice. Tumors grew in both locations locally. However, only uterine wall tumors produced metastases in regional and distant lymph nodes and to the lungs and liver. Cell lines were established in culture from these uterine tumors and from lung and liver metastases, and then these cells were injected into the uteri of additional mice. The metastatic potential of the lines subsequently established from tumors growing in vivo was not significantly higher than the already highly metastatic parental culture cells. All SPEC-2 cell lines expressed high levels of both 72-kDa and 92-kDa collagenase type IV activity. mRNA for transforming growth factor-alpha, basic fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor-receptor was constant among the cell lines. These data support the concept that the orthotopic implantation of human endometrial carcinoma cells into the uteri of nude mice provides a valuable model for studying the biology of human endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Development of a metastatic model for human endometrial carcinoma using orthotopic implantation in nude-mice. 2156 33

Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is a group of rare and heterogeneous neoplasms and there are few reports at present.We analyzed the clinical and pathological features of 7 patients with GB-NEC who were admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2011 to October 2019.The median age of 7 patients was 58 years with male to female ratio of 1:2.5. Right upper quadrant discomfort was the main complaint and no patients presented carcinoid syndrome-related symptoms. In contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination, 5 of 6 patients showed well-defined margin and continuous thin line-like contrast enhancement on the mucosa. Among the patients with liver metastases before surgery, 66.7% of patients were cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) positive, and among the patients presented with liver metastases during follow-up period, all patients were CA-125 positive. All patients with elevated CA-125 did not have ascites, ovarian carcinoma, peritoneal carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. According to postoperative pathological report, 1 patient was stage IIIA, and the other 6 patients were stage IVB. Six patients underwent surgery, and 1 patient just underwent liver biopsy. Two patients underwent laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy, and neither of them encountered serious complications after surgery with the overall survival time of 4.6 and 16.8 months, respectively. Compared with the patients without chemotherapy, 3 patients postoperatively treated with chemotherapy lived longer. The median survival of all 7 patients was 4.6 months and the 1-, 2-year survival rates were 14.29%, 0%.Surgical resection, including laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy, is feasible for the treatment of advanced GB-NEC in selected patients and has the advantages of prolonging survival in combination with chemotherapy. The elevation of CA-125 can be utilized as an important predictor of poor prognosis, while more investigations are necessary to confirm it.
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PMID:Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma: A single center experience. 3289 24