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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Granulosa cell tumors are derived from specific ovarion stroma and have the ability to produce hormones. In the 25 cases of granulosa cell tumors no concommitant endometrial carcinoma was found. Because of the varying degree of malignancy tumors which contain granulosa cells must be differentiated from pure theca cell tumors. Granulosa cell tumors are frequently malignant. Theca cell tumors are benign. The treatment of granulosa cell tumors is fundamentally the same as that of epithelial cancers of the ovary. The treatment of theca cell tumors is conservative.
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PMID:[Granulosa cell and thecacell tumors in 25 cases (author's transl)]. 23 Jan 18

The A.A. have investigated the phospholipids base-exchange enzyme system in the solid tumours in order to state if a correlation between this activity and the variation of the cellular ciclic nucleotides amount was possible considering that these compounds have been reported to undergo a variation in tumour compared with normal tissues. They report some previous results in a lung tumour and in an endometrial carcinoma, were they have found a big increase in the PhS synthesis. Such increase was possible to be seen in the endometrial carcinoma only after a stimulation by 17-beta-estradiol and it was reversed in this case by doxorubicine. These results suggest that an alteration of the PhS synthesis should be one of numerous peculiarity of the neoplastic cell.
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PMID:[Preliminary data on the behavior of the enzyme of metabolism of phospholipid bases in human tumor preparations]. 23 23

Sedimentation coefficients of cytoplasmic estradiol and progesterone receptors of human proliferative endometrium and endometrial carcinoma were determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. In the absence of KCl, receptors from proliferative endometrium sedimented as single bands in the 8 S region and in the presence of 0.3M KCl in the 4 S region of the gradients. Receptors from endometrial carcinoma sedimented in several bands (between 3 and 9 S). When chromatographed on agarose gel comumns, the receptors (from both normal and neoplastic tissue) showed different molecular weights in the presence and absence of KCl (approximately 40,000 and 120,000, respectively). Elution profiles from agarose gel and ion exchange columns, as well as electrophoretic patterns from isoelectric focusing, revealed a similarity between biochemical properties of the receptors from endometrial carcinoma and proliferative endometrium. While the concentration of binding sites for estradiol and progesterone in normal endometrium depended on the day of the cycle, in endometrial carcinoma it depended on the degree of differentiation of the tumor. The binding of estradiol was highest at the beginning of the proliferative phase and declined continuously towards the 14th day of the cycle. In contrast, the concentration of progesterone binding sites was relatively low throughout the proliferative phase. In endometrial carcinoma low binding of estradiol was obtained in well differentiated tumors and high binding (as high as in proliferative endometrium) in undifferentiated tumors. For progesterone the contrary was the case. There was no difference in pH sensitivity between cytoplasmic receptors from normal and neoplastic tissue, optimal binding occurring at pH 7. Dissociation constants (Kd) for estradiol and progesterone depended on the degree of tumor differentiation. Kd values increased for E2 and decreased for P with increasing differentiation of the tumor. Competition studies with various unlabeled steroids revealed no significant difference between the specificity of the receptors from proliverative and neoplastic endometrium.
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PMID:Characterization and comparison of receptors for 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in human proliferative endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. 23 81

Different subcellular fractions (purity checked by electron microscopy and respective marker enzymes) were incubated with 0.1 muCi 14C-progesterone (10 muM) in 0.15 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and 37 C under air for varying periods of time in the presence of NAD(P)H (500 muM). By the preparation of chromic acid oxidation products and acetates, thin-layer chromatography, and crystallisation to constant specific activity, the following metabolites were identified: 20alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, 20alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-3-one, 20alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-3-one, 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, and 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, indicating the presence of a 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20alpha-HSD) and 5alpha- and 5beta-reductases. Most of the 20alpha-HSD activity was located in mitochondria (associated mainly with outer membranes) and microsomes. Purified nuclei and cytosol contained 1/6 to 1/18 of the activity of mitochondria and microsomes, respectively. SUBFRACTIONS OF ENDOMETRIAL CELLS ONLY CONTAINED EITHER 5ALPHA- OR 5BETA-REDUCTASE ACTIVITY. 5alpha-reductase activity was mainly associated with microsomes, 5beta-reductase activity was found only in the cytosol. While in normal endometrium specific enzyme activities in subcellular fractions depended on the phase of the cycle, in endometrial carcinoma it depended on the degree of tumour differentiation. The highest values of 5alpha-reductase activity were found in the early proliferative phase. 20alpha-HSD activity was highest in the middle of the secretory phase. The specific activity of the 5alpha-reductase increased with decreasing differentiation of the tumour while the specific activity of the 20alpha-HSD decreased. Kinetic parameters (Km-values, coenzyme requirements and maximum velocities) were determined. The Km-value for progesterone of the 20alpha-HSD in proliferative endometrium was significantly higher than in secretory endometrium, while the Km-values of the 5alpha- and 5beta-reductases were considerably lower during the proliferative than secretory phase.
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PMID:Progesterone metabolism in normal human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and in endometrial carcinoma. 24 Aug 67

Microsomal 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from the human secretory endometrium (17 beta-HSD) was solubilized with triton X-100. A 4-fold purification was achieved by ammonium sulphate precipitation and isoelectric focusing. In the presence of glycerol the partially purified enzyme was stable at 4 degrees C for at least 48 h. Using crude microsomes, the conversion of oestradiol to oestrone was linear with time and with the concentration of protein. The optimum temperature was approximately 40 degrees C and the optimum pH 9.4. For the reduction of oestrone the optimum pH was 6.5. With NAD, oestradiol was oxidized approximately three times more rapidly than with NADP. Km-values for oestradiol were nearly the same in endometrial carcinoma and in proliferative and secretory endometrium (i.e. approximately 3 X 10(-6) M). The maximal velocity was highest in secretory endometrium. Testosterone and androstenedione could also serve as substrates but they were interconverted more slowly than oestradiol and oestrone. Sulphhydryl groups were shown to be essential for catalysis.
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PMID:Studies on 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. III. Partial purification and characterization of the microsomal enzyme. 24 Nov 86

An overview of the sex hormones is presented. Testosterone is a natural androgen produced in the testes, adrenal glands, and ovaries. It has anabolic as well as androgenic effects. Testosterone is used to treat inoperable breast cancer and osteoporosis, and to stimulate erythropoesis. Androgens are absolutely counterindicated in cases of prostate cancer. Estrone, estradiol, and estriol are natural estrogens produced in the ovaries, placenta, testes, and adrenal glands. These hormones also influence the production of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland. Estrogens are used to treat menopausal disorders, ovarial insufficiency, estrogen-independent breast cancer, prostate cancer, and in some cases pregnancy disorders. Estrogens and progestagens are 2 components used in oral contraceptives. Progesterone, a natural progestagen, is produced by the corpus luteum. It promotes the proliferation phase of the endometrium, fertilization, and nidation, and it works to maintain pregnancy. Progesterone is used to treat spontaneous abortion, corpus luteum insufficiency, and endometrial cancer.
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PMID:[Sex hormones]. 24 26

Estrogens and progesterone seem to have at times antagonistic, at times synergetic action on breast and uterine tissues. While estrogens stimulate cell proliferation, progestrerone favors secretion. While estrogens favor myometrial and endometrial hyperplasia, progesterone seems to dominish congestive phenomena caused by estrogens, especially on breast tissues. Women who experience menopause at 55 have a twice as high risk of breast cancer than women who menopause at 45. Breast and endometrial cancer are often associated with a history of menstrual disorders, and it is very possible that endometrial hyperplasia and cystic mastosis are connected. While treatment with estrogens helps to avoid vaginal atrophy and to arrest osteoporosis, it is doubtful whether the treatment should be systematic over 45. Breast examination and a thorough gynecological examination are essential once a year.
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PMID:[Menopause, estrogens and genital cancer]. 24 20

An investigation was undertaken of the ages at menarche and at menopause of cervical and endometrial cancer patients for the years 1950-55 and 1960-65. Analysis of the ages at menarche in relation to the year of birth did not show a difference between the uterine cancer groups, whereas the age at menopause did show such a difference. The menopause occurred later in the endometrial than in the cervical cancer group. There was an earlier mean age at menarche and a later mean age at menopause per decade. Therefore, the menopause seems a constitutional factor involved in the development of endometrial cancer and perhaps also cervical cancer.
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PMID:Age at menarche and menopause of uterine cancer patients. 26 63

An unusual type of prostatic carcinoma is described. Histopathologic examination showed a papillary and acinar appearance. Aspiration cytology showed papillary fragments and sheets of malignant cells. The ultrastructural features of this tumor were similar to those reported for prostatic carcinoma rather than endometrial carcinoma supporting a prostatic orgin for this tumor.
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PMID:Primary papillary carcinoma of the prostate: report of a histopathologic, cytologic and electron microscopic study on one case. 26 5

A case material from the northern part of Sweden comprising all known cases of carcinoma of the endometrium during the years 1963-1969 is presented. A clinical experiment has been carried out in which 320 patients with carcinoma of the endometrium have been uniformly treated. The patients have been given primary radiation treatment, mostly with radium packing according to a modified Heyman method. About two thirds of the patients have had a prophylactic operation with total removal of the uterus and the adnexa about six weeks after the radiation treatment. Patients with contraindications to surgery have had a curettage three months after radiation treatment. The primary cure rate and the complications have been reported in a previous paper. The five-year survival rate in stage I in cases treated with radiation and surgery was 92%. The survival rate corrected for intercurrent death was 93%. The survival rate in cases treated with radiation only was 71%. The survival rate corrected for intercurrent death was 88%. The total survival rate in stage I was 85% and the survival rate corrected for intercurrent death in Stage 2 was 92%. The total survival rate in the whole case material including all stages was 75.3% and the survival rate corrected for intercurrent death in the total material was 82.8%.
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PMID:Efficacy of primary radiation in carcinoma of the endometrium. Five-year follow up of unselected material from a specific region in the north of Sweden. 26 37


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