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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The medical profession has been disturbed and bewildered by a number of recent communications which discussed a possible relationship between contraceptive sequential therapy and the incidence of endometrial cancer and between the postmenopausal application of conjugated oestrogens and endometrial carcinoma. An analysis of these reports is made critically and in detail and supplemented with observations on the risk of carcinoma of the breast. The practical aspects are delineated and a precise guide to postmenopausal oestrogen therapy presented.
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PMID:Oestrogens and endometrial cancer: a point of view. 19 6

205 patients with endometrial carcinoma, excluding carcinoma in situ, were seen in 1 private practice between 1947-1976. A control for each case was chosen from patients who had had a hysterectomy for a benign condition. Average age of patients with cancer was 56.5 years and parity 1.5. The cancer patients weighed significantly more than controls. A history of diabetes was recorded for 8 study patients, and 1 control. Of the 205 cancer patients, 55, and of the control patients, 31, had used some form of estrogen-containing medication. The relative risk (RR) for all users of systemic estrogens was 2.6. Most had used conjugated estrogens giving an RR of 3.1 for this form of the drug. There was no increased risk associated with vaginal estrogenic preparations or oral contraceptives. The RR increased with increasing duration of use, with no appreciable increase in the risk for those using the medication for less than 5 years. Those using these drugs for 5-9 years had a risk 11.5 times that of nonusers. Those using the 1.25 mg tablet had a risk markedly above that for users of the .3 or .625 mg tablets. The study group had more frequent histories of abnormal uterine bleeding than the control group. The lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer is estimated as 2.2% for whites and 1.1% for blacks. A 70.9% 5-year survival rate and a 55.8% 10-year survival rate have been recorded. With early diagnosis, the cure rate may approach 95%. Many of the symptoms of women in the manopause may be alleviated by estrogenic therapy. Many of these women will have had a hysterectomy and no longer be at risk of endometrial cancer. Therefore, such therapy seems justified.
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PMID:Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma. 19 72

Six patients who took oral contraceptive agents for 5 to 18 years developed endometrial neoplasia. Endometrial adenocarcinoma occurred in 4 of these patients and severe adenomatous hyperplasia occured in 2. Five of the 6 patients took sequential agents; 1 patient used a combined agent. An additional patient who took Premarin and Provera sequentially developed adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Eighteen cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma and 7 cases of adenomatous hyperplasia in patients with long-term sequential oral contraceptive use have previously been reported by others. Progestogens may not be completely protective against the endometrial cancer-causing potential of the estrogens, especially in the sequential regimens.
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PMID:Endometrial carcinoma and oral contraceptive agents. 19 73

Feminizing ovarian tumors and polycystic ovarian disease may cause endometrial cancer by abnormal, unopposed endogenous estrogenic stimulation. We reviewed the clinical course of 72 endometrial cancer patients with a concomitant feminizing ovarian tumor or polycystic ovarian disease and compared tumor characteristics and treatment results with those exhibited by 523 patients treated for endometrial cancer alone. With functioning ovarian tumor and with polycystic ovaries, the cancer tended to be more often low-grade, low-stage, and superficial than did endometrial cancer alone. The high 5-year and 10-year survival rates observed in our functioning ovarian tumor-polycystic ovary patients support the conclusion that endometrial carcinoma with a coexistent endogenous estrogenic stimulus has a more favorable prognosis (P less than 0.01) than endometrial carcinoma alone.
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PMID:Endometrial cancer associated with feminizing ovarian tumor and polycystic ovarian disease. 19 78

At the Wilford Hall U.S. Air Force Base Medical Center, Texas, about 4000 postmenopausal women received estrogen replacement therapy during 1975. Of these, 2700 took estrogens only and 1240 were given a progestogen along with estrogen. Hysterectomy had been done previously on 1700 patients (42%), leaving 2300 with intact uteri and a risk of endometrial cancer. Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was diagnosed in 7 patients. Of these, 6 had received estrogen therapy. There was 1 endometrial malignancy in a patient also receiving a progestogen. Among 510 untreated postmenopausal women with intact uteri, 1 adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was found. Type and dosage of estrogen were unrelated to endometrial malignancy. In addition to the 7 endometrial cancers from the clinic, 22 cases were diagnosed elsewhere and referred for treatment, 11 of these had received no hormones. 10 were taking estrogens and 1 was receiving Oracon for birth control. The incidence of endometrial malignancy in the U.S. is reported to be 21/100,000 women/year. There is a 3-fold to 9-fold increased risk of endometrial cancer associated with obesity alone. The probability that untreated postmenopausal women with intact uteri will develop carcinoma of the endometrium is 1/1000/year. With estrogen users, it is reported to be increased -7.6/1000 women/year. In the author's clinic during 1975, the incidence among those receiving only estrogen was 4.7/1000. Among those also receiving a progestogen the incidence was .8/1000. Unopposed estrogens apparently have a role in the etiology of endometria hyperplasia and neoplasia through incomplete shedding of the endometrium. Progesterone produces more complete sloughing of the endometrium and also converts all degrees of hyperplasia into secretory endometrium. Nulliparity, infertility, and anovulation are predisoposing factors to endometrial carcinoma. Progestogens are palliative therapy for endometrial cancer.
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PMID:Estrogens, progestogens and endometrial cancer. 19 79

The majority of women experience a variety of symptoms at the time of the menopause, but these are frequently regarded as being unworthy of management by their doctors. Recent reports of a possible association between exogenous oestrogens and endometrial carcinoma have increased professional reluctance to prescribe oestrogens for menopausal symptoms. This report describes the initial 50 patients who have attended a special clinic established to manage symptomatic menopausal women; common complaints included hot flushes, lack of energy, altered temperament, dyspareunia and headache. Oestrogen therapy was effective in the alleviation of symptoms and the practical aspects of oestrogen use are discussed. It is recommended that with due recognition of its potential complications, oestrogen therapy should be made available to symptomatic menopausal women, and that it requires further study in regard to its place in the long-term prophylaxis of osteoporosis.
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PMID:Oestrogens and menopausal and postmenopausal women. 19 65

Initial evidence suggested that estrogen therapy increases the risk of endometrial carcinoma. It was then suggested that some studies may have exaggerated the hazard of estrogen therapy by including patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia among those having endometrial carcinoma. Three internationally recognized pathologists reviewed the histology slides available from the Ziel and Finkle study, which originally reported a risk ratio of 7.6 for estrogen users. At least one of the pathologists concurred with the original diagnosis in all but one case. Furthermore, all pathologists aggreed that 74 per cent (66/89) were correctly diagnosed. In the 66 patients with unanimous diagnosis, 61 per cent (40/66) had used conjugated estrogens, versus 57 per cent (54/94) in the original study. On the basis of 66 patients and 132 matched controls, the revised risk-ratio estimate is 8.1 (with a one-sided 95 per cent lower confidence limit of 4.5), validating the original estimate.
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PMID:Estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. An independent pathology review supporting original risk estimate. 19 95

Inhibition of migration of leukocytes from patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary was studied by the use of several different types of ovarian carcinoma extract as antigen. KCl extract of an ovarian carconoma was found to be the most effective antigen preparation in comparison with saline, deoxycholate, and perchloric acid extracts. Low concentrations of KCl ovarian carcinoma extract significantly inhibited migration of leukocytes from 11 of 17 patients with ovarian carcinoma (migration index, less than 0.74). Leukocytes from patients with breast, colon, or endometrial carcinoma showed minimal reactivity with ovarian carcinoma KCl extract, and leukocytes from patients with ovarian carcinoma showed minimal reactivity with KCl extracts of breast, colon, and endometrial carcinoma. These results suggested that the 3 M KCl procedure is superior for the isolation of antigens active in the leukocyte migration inhibition test and that this test may be of use for the isolation of tumor-associated antigen and the immunodiagnosis of ovarian carcinoma.
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PMID:Leukocyte migration in ovarian carcinoma: comparison of inhibitory activity of tumor extracts. 20 Jul 54

Three patients with metastatic breast cancer responded to diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy, but later they developed endometrial carcinoma. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that endometrial carcinoma can occur in breast cancer patients receiving diethylstilbestrol therapy.
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PMID:Endometrial carcinoma following estrogen therapy for breast cancer. Report of three cases. 20 83

Numerous investigators have alluded to an association of cancer of the endometrium and breast. There is no available information relating the histologic forms of cancer of the endometrium to breast cancer. We found ten cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium in one tumor registry in a ten year period, 1967-1977. Five of these cases also had breast carcinoma. In three of these cases the breast carcinoma was discovered two to three years after hysterectomy; in one case both tumors were discovered at the same time, and in one case the breast carcinoma antedated the diagnosis of endometrial malignancy by approximately one year. These observations, although from a small number of cases, warrant an expansion of this study in order to determine whether patients with adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterus have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
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PMID:Association of carcinoma of the breast with adenosquamous carcinoma of endometrium. 20 53


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