Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A relationship between exposure to exogenous estrogens and endometrial carcinoma has been reported in numerous studies. The incidence among those so exposed has been estimated to have been increased from 7.5 to 8 times that of those not exposed. Long-term therapy with estrogens for menopausal symptoms has been the usual history. Breast cancer patients treated with estrogens and young women taking sequential oral contraceptives have had increased risks. In this study, the records of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with endometrial uterine cancer diagnosed between 1945-1974 at the Mayo Clinic or at other medical facilities were reviewed. There were 122 adenocarcinomas and 23 adenoacanthomas. In 3 instances, adenocarcinomas contained zones of uterine sarcoma. For each of the 146 patients there were 4 age-matched controls. Estrogen use for 6 months or more was recorded for 39 (27%) of the 145 cases and for 163 (28%) of the 580 controls. The controls had more frequent histories of short-term estrogen therapy. Cancer patients had relatively more estrogen use for menopausal symptoms. The relative risk of endometrial cancer tended to increase with the duration of exposure to conjugated estrogens from 2.0 with any exposure to 4.9 (p less than .01) after 6 months or more and to 7.9 after 3 years or more. The risk increased with larger doses (1.25 mg or more) and with continuous administration of conjugated estrogen. Myometrial invasion was superficial in 77 cases and deep in 44 cases. Long-term use of conjugated estrogen was frequently associated with low-stage low-grade superficially invasive endometrial malignancy. The 5-year survival rate of the 145 patients was 85%. Patients with Stage 1 had a 95% relative 5-year survival rate. Those with Stages 2, 3, or 4 had 50% survival rates. Of other risk factors, obesity and nulliparity were noted. Patients had more frequent records of benign cystic adenoma and of adenomatous hyperplasia than controls. The corrected age-specific rate for endometiral cancer increased to a maximum of about 90/100,000 population per year in the group aged 55-64 and then diminished with age. An increase in endometrial cancer among those at risk may have been nullified by an increase in those who have had a hysterectomy. In this study the incidence of endometrial carcinoma in Olmsted County does not show an increase in the last 3 decades. It is noted that the long-term use of conjugated estrogens in this area has been relatively low.
 ...
PMID:Exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma: case-control and incidence study. 19 Aug 87

An investigation was undertaken of the ages at menarche and at menopause of cervical and endometrial cancer patients for the years 1950-55 and 1960-65. Analysis of the ages at menarche in relation to the year of birth did not show a difference between the uterine cancer groups, whereas the age at menopause did show such a difference. The menopause occurred later in the endometrial than in the cervical cancer group. There was an earlier mean age at menarche and a later mean age at menopause per decade. Therefore, the menopause seems a constitutional factor involved in the development of endometrial cancer and perhaps also cervical cancer.
 ...
PMID:Age at menarche and menopause of uterine cancer patients. 26 63

The official mortality statistics in Austria fail to report the localization of uterine cancer in nearly two thirds of cases and, thus, the annual death rate of women with cervical versus endometrial cancer is not clear. These two diseases behave totally differently with regard to their aetiology, age distribution, early diagnosis, therapy and prognosis and, therefore, a separate analysis is necessary. This study presents an analysis of the incidence of uterine cancer in a series of 7,276 women who died in Vienna hospitals in 1976. Of the 151 cases (2% of all the women in the examined collective) 106 died of cervical carcinoma, 33 of endometrial carcinoma and 9 of unspecified uterine carcinoma. The average age of women who died of cervical carcinomas was 60 years, whilst that of patients with endometrial carcinoma was 71.7 years. In 12.6% of cases double carcinomata were found. The relation between deaths from cervical carcinoma to endometrial carcinoma is 3.3:1. If this ratio is applied to the 942 deaths from uterine carcinoma in 1976 in Austria, then one can estimate that more than 700 women must have died of cervical carcinoma and more than 200 of endometrial carcinoma. The 303 deaths from cervical carcinoma and 65 from endometrial carcinoma reported in the official mortality statistics are, therefore, totally misleading and ought not to be used as a basis for epidemiological investigations.
 ...
PMID:[Carcinoma of the uterus in the Austrian mortality statistics. 1. Carcinoma of the uterus in Viennese autopsy reports 1976 (author's transl)]. 53 32

The official mortality statistics in Austria fail to report the localization of uterine cancer in nearly two thirds of cases and, thus, the annual death rate of women with cervical versus endometrial cancer is not clear. These two diseases behave totally differently with regard to their aetiology, age distribution, early diagnosis, therapy and prognosis and, therefore, a separate analysis is necessary. This study presents an analysis of the incidence of uterine cancer in a series of 7,276 women who died in Vienna hospitals in 1976. Of the 151 cases (2% of all the women in the examined collective) 109 died of cervical carcinoma, 33 of endometrial carcinoma and 9 of unspecified uterine carcinoma. The average age of women who died of cervical carcinomas was 60 years, whilst that of patients with endometrial carcinoma was 71.7 years. In 12.6% of cases double carcinomata were found. The relation between deaths from cervical carcinoma to endometrial carcinoma is 3.3:1. If this ratio is applied to the 942 deaths from uterine carcinoma in 1976 in Austria, then one can estimate that more than 700 women must have died of cervical carcinoma and more than 200 of endometrial carcinoma. The 303 deaths from cervical carcinoma and 65 from endometrial carcinoma reported in the official mortality statistics are, therefore, totally misleading and ought not to be used as a basis for epidemiological investigations.
 ...
PMID:[Carcinoma of the uterus in the Austrian mortality statistics. I. Carcinoma of the uterus in Viennese autopsy reports 1976 (author's transl)]. 54 40

8 papers, based on the results of retrospective studies performed in the U. S., have dealt with the effects of treatment of postmenopausal women with unopposed estrogens. The studies are unanimous in showing that such treatment is associated with increased risks of developing uterine cancer. The increase in risk is related to dose and duration of treatment. The studies have produced essentially similar risk radios, which have survived independent reevaluation of the original histopathological diagnoses. Prospective clinical studies have also shown the dose and duration of unopposed estrogens to be related to increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia, the most severe form of which is believed to be a precursor to endometrial cancer.
 ...
PMID:Hormone replacement therapy. 55 41

Since Gusberg's description in 1947 of adenomatous hyperplasia (15), the role of precursors in the development of endometrial carcinoma has been well studied. There is now no doubt that in many patients histologic precursors can be demonstrated in the endometrial cavity prior to the development of invasive cancer. At this point in the continuum, interruption by hysterectomy or other therapy will insure the patient's health. We have discussed a wide variety of techniques designed to provide cytologic or histologic samples of the endometrium that are highly effective in the detection of early neoplasia. As a goal, universal endometrial sampling on a periodic basis is probably impractical and may be unecessary or undesirable. However, surely the patient at high risk for endometrial cancer requires close periodic screening. The high-risk category may be expanded to include others beyond the group of hypertensive, diabetic, obese, anovulatory, nulliparous women. It should include patients with irregular vaginal bleeding, those with a strong family history of genital and breast cancer, those patients receiving hormone therapy, and patients in the menopausal years who experience changes in the menstrual pattern. With intelligent and aggressive application of outpatient screening, uterine cancer can be diagnosed when patients are virtually completely curable, thus resulting in further reduction in mortality from this disease.
 ...
PMID:Screening for endometrial cancer. 76 37

The use of estrogen during the climacterium is discussed. Estrogen should be used only when objective symptoms of a lack of estrogen can be established. Thrombosis, hypertension, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ruptured blood vessels are contraindications to climacteric estrogen use. Progestagens administered in conjunction with sedatives and diuretics can often relieve climacteric afflictions. Continued administration of estrogen should be avoided; estrogen can be administered with or without gestagens 7-10 days before menstruation or in 21-day periods. General practitioners are qualified to administer estrogen and should give patients regular examinations. There is a risk of developing endometrial cancer under climacteric estrogen treatment. Only women who want and need climacteric estrogen treatment should receive it.
 ...
PMID:[Estrogen treatment only when symptoms are present but complaints should not be neglected]. 86 7

The withdrawal from the market of the oral contraceptives Volidan 21 and Serial 28 was based on work in beagle dogs treated for 7 years with high doses of megestrol acetate. The treated animals developed significantly more tumors than untreated controls. Chlormadinone acetate was withdrawn from clinical use in 1970 on the basis of similar reports. All other progestogens in use in Britain had no effect on the incidence of tumors. The only neoplasm linked with oral contraceptives by clinical evidence is hepatic adenoma. In menopausal and postmenopausal patients estrogen therapy may increase the risk of endometrial uterine cancer. For most young women oral contraception is a compromise between safety and reliability. Serious thromboembolic complications increase with age, cigarette smoking, and hypertension. Patients should be screened for the presence of risk factors and the effects of treatment regularly assessed. In menopausal women, regular monitoring for endometrial cancer is advised. Medical supervision of hormone therapy is needed.
 ...
PMID:Editorial: Cancer risks from hormone treatment. 120 97

The distribution of DNA ploidy levels and its prognostic significance in cervical cancer (including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) and endometrial cancer is discussed. DNA aneuploidy was observed in most of the cases with either the histological type of cervical cancer and in half of those with endometrial cancer. The DNA ploidy level of the tumor showed a characteristic distribution according to its histological type or grade. Although several investigators have already reported that patients with DNA diploid uterine tumors had a better survival than those with DNA aneuploid uterine tumors, further research is required before a definite conclusion can be attained on the prognostic value of the degree of DNA ploidy measurement in uterine cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Flow cytometric evaluation of DNA ploidy pattern in uterine cancer]. 144 14

The correlation between histological ovarian metastasis and histologic cell type, clinical stage, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and menstrual activity were analyzed in 566 patients who underwent surgery for uterine cancer at the hospital of Niigata University between January, 1971 and May, 1990. Ovarian metastasis was studied in 456 patients with stage Ib or more advanced cervical cancer and 110 patients with stage Ia or more advanced endometrial cancer. The following results were obtained: 1. The incidence of ovarian metastasis of cervical cancer by histologic cell type was 18.6% (8/43) for adenocarcinoma, 6.7% (1/15) for mixed type adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and 0% (0/398) for squamous cell carcinoma. The metastasis rate in patients with endometrial carcinoma was 10.8% (10/93) for adenocarcinoma, but there was no metastasis of 2 squamous cell carcinoma, 13 mixed type of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma or 2 undifferentiated carcinoma. 2. The incidence of metastasis of cervical adenocarcinoma by stage was 5.3% (1/19) for stage Ib and 29.2% (7/24) for stage II. The metastasis rate of mixed type of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma was 0% (0/6) for stage Ib and 11.1% (1/9) for stage II. The incidence of metastasis of endometrial carcinoma was 2.1% (1/47) for stage Ia, 15.0% (3/20) for stage Ib, 15.0% (6/40) for stage II and 0% (0/3) for stage III. 3. All the patients with ovarian metastases of uterine cervical cancer had invasion to a depth of more than 2/3 of the uterine cervix, while the incidence of ovarian metastasis of endometrial carcinoma was increased with deep invasion of the uterine muscular layer, and metastasis was present even in shallow invasion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[The study of ovarian metastasis in uterine cancer]. 160 54


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>