Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the past 3 years, eight hospitals and one cooperative study group have reported their initial clinical results with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). The most popular clinical schedule was 15-25 mg/m2/day for 5 days repeated every 3-4 weeks. Almost all patients had extremely advanced disease. Of 323 patients in whom response could be evaluated, there were 12 complete responses, 25 partial responses (greater than 50% decrease in tumor size), and 23 improvements (greater than 50% decrease in tumor size) for a 19% overall response rate. The tumor most sensitive to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) was testicular carcinoma in which seven complete responses, three partial responses, and three improvements were observed in 16 patients treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Other sensitive tumors were lymphoma (63% response and improvements), squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (41% response and imporvements), and ovarian carcinoma (40% response and improvements). Complete responses were also seen in one patient with thyroid carcinoma and two with bladder carcinoma, while partial remissions were recorded in two patients with breast carcinoma and one patient each with acute myelogenous leukemia, endometrial carcinoma, renal carcinoma, malignant thymoma, neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, and an undifferentiated tumor of unknown origin. Five major types of toxicity were encountered: gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, immunosuppressive, otologic, and renal, with the last two generally the most serious. Serial audiometry testing can generally warn of the otologic toxicity and thus prevent permanent acoustic damage. Renal toxicity, which is similar to that seen with heavy-metal poisoning, appears to be dose related, cumulative, and only partly reversible, thus, severely limiting the repeated administration of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). Recent laboratory studies suggest that combination chemotherapy with this drug may be rewarding. Studies of this nature should be pursued along with attempts to find more effective less toxic platinum compounds.
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PMID:Review of the current clinical status of platinum coordination complexes in cancer chemotherapy. 110 40

Tumorigenesis in humans and experimental animals appears to involve the activation of ras protooncogenes for a number of organ systems and seems to be important to the development of the metastatic phenotype in several model systems. Clinically, the presence of activated ras protooncogenes has been reported to be a negative prognostic factor in the myelodysplastic syndrome and in adenocarcinoma of the lung. In the present study we examined 49 cases of endometrial carcinoma for mutations in the first exon of K-ras using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Mutations in codon 12 or 13 of K-ras were detected in 6 of 49 cases (12.2%). These six cases consisted of five endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, each of which had a mutation in codon 12, and one case of clear cell carcinoma, which had a mutation in codon 13. In our study the presence of mutations in K-ras appeared to be an unfavorable prognostic factor. Three of six patients with the mutation died during follow-up, while only 7% of the 43 patients without K-ras mutations expired during this same period. In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model, K-ras activation appeared to be an independent risk factor when compared with clinical stage, depth of myometrial invasion, and patient age. Thus, our findings support the hypothesis that K-ras protooncogene activation plays an important role in determining the aggressiveness of endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:Clinical implications of K-ras mutations in malignant epithelial tumors of the endometrium. 158 90

A cohort of 1192 patients with endometrial carcinoma were followed up to determine the frequency of other malignancies among them. The incidence rate of all types of cancer was not greater than in the general population. The relative risk of breast cancer after endometrial carcinoma was 1.3 times population rates. This increase, however, was confined to those who shared risk factors common to breast cancer--that is, nulliparity and, to a lesser extent, obesity. The parous, nonobese patient with endometrial carcinoma was not found to be at increased risk of subsequent breast cancer. An unusual occurrence of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung was found ten or more years after treatment for endometrial carcinoma. This increase was not associated with cigarette smoking.
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PMID:Patterns of other neoplasia in patients with endometrial carcinoma. 724 13

Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is an ocular manifestation of a paraneoplastic syndrome whereby immunological reactions to retinal antigens aberrantly expressed in tumor cells lead to the degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. In our previous study (H. Ohguro et al., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 40: 82-89, 1999), recoverin, a retina-specific calcium-binding protein, and heat shock cognate protein 70 (hsc 70) were identified as autoantigens recognized by sera from patients with CAR. Therefore, we suggested that autoimmune reactions against both recoverin and hsc 70 might be involved in the pathogenesis of CAR. To elucidate the initial step of the molecular pathology of CAR, we examined the expression of recoverin and hsc 70 by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot using cell lines of several kinds of cancers, including lung small cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and leukemia. Recoverin was expressed in 21 of the 31 cancer cell lines. The expression levels of hsc 70 were significantly higher in cancer cell lines than in noncancerous cell lines. However, no difference in the expression levels of hsc 70 was observed between recoverin-positive and -negative cell lines. Immunofluorescence labeling by the affinity-purified recoverin antibody revealed the immunoreactivity to recoverin as a granular pattern within the cancer cells. Lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, which did not express recoverin, exhibited a significant reduction in cell proliferation upon transfection with human recoverin cDNA. Taken together, our present data suggest that the retina-specific calcium-binding protein recoverin is expressed in more than 50% of a variety of cancer cells and may play a significant role in the cell proliferation of these tumor cells.
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PMID:Aberrant expression of photoreceptor-specific calcium-binding protein (recoverin) in cancer cell lines. 1076 80

Familial risk of pancreatic cancer has been mainly assessed through case-control studies based on reported but not medically verified cancers in family members. We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database on 10.2 million individuals and 21,000 pancreatic cancers to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pancreatic cancer in 0- to 66-year-old offspring of parents with pancreatic or other specified tumors. Additionally, SIRs for second primary pancreatic cancers were analyzed after any first neoplasm. SIRs for pancreatic cancer (1.68, 95% CI 1.16-2.35) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (1.73, 95% CI 1.13-2.54) were increased when a parent presented with pancreatic cancer. The risk was not dependent on diagnostic age of offspring or parents. Pancreatic cancer was associated with parental lung, rectal or endometrial cancer and with melanoma. SIRs for pancreatic cancer were 10.01 and 7.96 among offspring who were diagnosed before age 50 years when parents were diagnosed with squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung, respectively, before age 60 years. The population-attributable proportion of familial pancreatic cancer was 1.1%. Risks for second pancreatic cancers were increased in men and women after small intestinal, colon and bladder cancer. The degree of familial clustering for pancreatic cancer and its population-attributable proportion were lower than the data cited in the literature. Clustering of pancreatic cancer with sites presenting in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer was noted. The strong association of pancreatic and lung cancers is puzzling, and it remains unclear to what extent this represents familial sharing of smoking habits.
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PMID:Familial and second primary pancreatic cancers: a nationwide epidemiologic study from Sweden. 1247 70

In this report we describe a cDNA sequence, BS106, identified from Incyte Genomics LifeSeq Expressed Sequence Tag database. A multi-tissue mRNA expression array, northern blots, and RT-PCR assays demonstrate the expression of BS106 in mammary, salivary and prostate glands, but not in other tissue types. BS106 mRNA was detected in 90% of the breast tissues examined. The cDNA encodes a 90-amino acid protein characterized as a small, mucin-like protein based on amino acid composition, extensive O-linked glycosylation, and expression profile. BS106 protein was recombinantly expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and the secreted product was purified from the culture media. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared and used for immunohistochemical analysis of early stage breast cancer. BS106 protein was detected in the vast majority of carcinomas (70-100%) and overexpressed in approximately 30% of the 22 specimens analyzed. BS106 protein was not detected in other solid tumor types including bladder carcinoma, colon carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, squamous cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, ovarian carcinoma, pancreatic and prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Identification and immunohistochemical characterization of a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed in early stage breast carcinoma. 1259 43

Non-coding RNAs occupy a significant fraction of the human genome. Their biological significance is backed up by a plethora of emerging evidence. One of the most robust approaches to demonstrate non-coding RNA's biological relevance is through their prognostic value. Using the rich gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA), we designed Advanced Expression Survival Analysis (AESA), a web tool which provides several novel survival analysis approaches not offered by previous tools. In addition to the common single-gene approach, AESA computes the gene expression composite score of a set of genes for survival analysis and utilizes permutation test or cross-validation to assess the significance of log-rank statistic and the degree of over-fitting. AESA offers survival feature selection with post-selection inference and utilizes expanded TCGA clinical data including overall, disease-specific, disease-free, and progression-free survival information. Users can analyse either protein-coding or non-coding regions of the transcriptome. We demonstrated the effectiveness of AESA using several empirical examples. Our analyses showed that non-coding RNAs perform as well as messenger RNAs in predicting survival of cancer patients. These results reinforce the potential prognostic value of non-coding RNAs. AESA is developed as a module in the freely accessible analysis suite MutEx. Abbreviation: ACC: Adrenocortical Carcinoma (n = 92); BLCA: Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (n = 412); BRCA: Breast Invasive Carcinoma (n = 1098); CESC: Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma (n = 307); CHOL: Cholangiocarcinoma (n = 51); COAD: Colon Adenocarcinoma (n = 461); DLBC: Lymphoid Neoplasm Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (n = 58); ESCA: Oesophageal Carcinoma (n = 185); GBM: Glioblastoma Multiforme (n = 617); HNSC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (n = 528); KICH: Kidney Chromophobe (n = 113); KIRC: Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (n = 537); KIRP: Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (n = 291); LAML: Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (n = 200); LGG: Brain Lower Grade Glioma (n = 516); LIHC: Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (n = 377); LUAD: Lung Adenocarcinoma (n = 585); LUSC: Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (n = 504); MESO: Mesothelioma (n = 87); OV: Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma (n = 608) PAAD: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (n = 185); PCPG: Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (n = 179); PRAD: Prostate Adenocarcinoma (n = 500); READ: Rectum Adenocarcinoma (n = 172); SARC: Sarcoma (n = 261); SKCM: Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (n = 470); STAD: Stomach Adenocarcinoma (n = 443); TGCT: Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (n = 150); THCA: Thyroid Carcinoma (n = 507) THYM: Thymoma (n = 124); UCEC: Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (n = 560); UCS: Uterine Carcinosarcoma (n = 57); UVM: Uveal Melanoma (n = 80).
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PMID:Advancing Pan-cancer Gene Expression Survial Analysis by Inclusion of Non-coding RNA. 3160 16

The Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is among long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which has disapproved the old term of "junk DNA" which was used for majority of human genome which are not transcribed to proteins. An extensive portion of literature points to the fundamental role of this lncRNA in tumorigenesis process of diverse cancers ranging from solid tumors to leukemia. Being firstly identified in lung cancer, it has prognostic and diagnostic values in several cancer types. Consistent with the proposed oncogenic roles for this lncRNA, most of studies have shown up-regulation of MALAT1 in malignant tissues compared with non-malignant/normal tissues of the same source. However, few studies have shown down-regulation of MALAT1 in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer and glioma. In the current study, we have conducted a comprehensive literature search and provided an up-date on the role of MALAT1 in cancer biology. Our investigation underscores a potential role as a diagnostic/prognostic marker and a putative therapeutic target for MALAT1.
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PMID:Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1: An update on expression pattern and functions in carcinogenesis. 3171 17