Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objectives of the study were to establish color and pulsed Doppler sonographic characteristics of uterine vascularity in postmenopausal patients with pathologic endometrium in order to reduce the number of unnecessary diagnostic dilatation and curettage procedures. The prospective study involved 42 postmenopausal patients who were examined, prior to dilatation and curettage operation, with transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler sonography. Twenty patients had symptoms such as vaginal bleeding or clinically enlarged uterus and 22 postmenopausal women, from our screening group, were asymptomatic. Endometrial thickness (cut-off value of 8 mm), rates of visualization, and the density of uterine, myometrial (peritumoral) and endometrial (intratumoral) vessels were used, along with pulsatility and resistive indices of these vessels, to assess and correlate with endometrium pathology. Endometrial thickness was greater than 8 mm in all cases of endometrial carcinoma (14 of 14 cases), endometrial hyperplasia (eight of eight cases), and one endometrial polyp. In all cases of uterine myoma (nine cases) and in asymptomatic controls (11 subjects) the endometrium thickness was below 8 mm. Percentage of visualization of myometrial and endometrial vessels in cases of endometrial carcinoma was 93% and 43% respectively, which was significantly higher than for cases with benign endometrium (P < 0.05). RI and PI values of these studied vessels of endometrial carcinoma were significantly lower than those for endometrial hyperplasia (P < 0.05). In 80% of cases of endometrial carcinoma, dense vascularity was found in the myometrium (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler sonography of the endometrium: a possible role in reducing the number of dilatation and curettage procedures. 856 60

This study included 15 patients with gynaecological cancers (7 with cervical cancer, 6 with endometrial cancer, and 12 with ovarian cancer); 7 with benign gynaecological disorders (5 with benign ovarian tumour and 2 with uterine myoma); and 10 healthy women as a control group. Serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) levels in patients with gynaecological cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign gynaecological disorders (P = 0.04) and in healthy controls (P = 0.0009). IL-1 ra may play an important role in host immune responses in local and general environments against gynaecological cancers.
 ...
PMID:Elevation of serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in women with gynaecological cancers. 942 21

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeric DNA onto chromosomal ends using an RNA component as a template. Extension of telomeric repeats by telomerase prevents telomere shortening with cell divisions and contributes to chromosomal stability, possibly leading to immortalization of the cells. In the present study, we determined the telomerase activity of gynecological tumors and cell lines using a newly developed non-radioisotope telomeric repeat amplification protocol. A total of 21 cell lines derived from cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and choriocarcinoma was examined, and all lines were found to be positive for telomerase activity, although the activity varied among cell types. A total of 50 gynecological malignant tumors was also examined, and 10 of 12 (83%) cervical cancers, 12 of 13 (92%) endometrial cancers, 18 of 21 (86%) ovarian cancers, 2 of 2 tubal cancers, and 1 of 1 vulvar cancer were found to be positive for telomerase activity. A total of 88% of gynecological tumors tested was thus found to be telomerase positive. However, no significant correlation was observed between telomerase activity and clinical features for any tumor type, although ovarian tumors expressing high telomerase activity tended to be more invasive. In contrast to that in malignant tumors, telomerase expression was weak and less common in premalignant lesions, with 5 of 7 cervical intraepithelial lesions and 4 of 6 borderline ovarian tumors exhibiting faint activity. Nine benign uterine lesions were also examined, and all were negative for telomerase activity except 1 uterine myoma, which had a weak signal. Three benign ovarian cysts examined had weak telomerase activity. These findings suggest that telomerase activation is common in gynecological malignant tumors and may be a critical step in their pathogenesis. However, premalignant lesions and some types of benign tumors also express weak telomerase activity.
 ...
PMID:Telomerase activity in gynecological tumors. 981 62

Aromatase (P450AROM) is the enzyme complex with converts testosterone to estradiol and androstendione to estrone. This enzyme was detected in various normal tissues and uterine pathology such as uterine myoma, endometrial cancer and endometriosis. The aim of the study was to estimate expression of P450AROM messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium, and the ability to convert androstenedione to estrone by endometrial cancer tissue. Normal endometrium was obtained from 16 (12 proliferative phase, 4 secretory phase) regularly cycling women after hysterectomy for myomas, hyperplastic endometrium (n = 5) and endometrial cancer (n = 5) from postmenopausal women. The ability to convert androstenedione to estrone was estimated in 16 cases of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. P450AROM mRNA was measured by a quantitative assay based on reverse transcribing the mRNA into cDNA with reverse transcriptase (RT) then amplification of the cDNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mean (+/- SEM) expression of aromatase gene in proliferative endometrium was 84.4 +/- 14.0 pg mRNA/microgram DNA and in secretory endometrium 200.3 +/- 87.8 pg mRNA/microgram DNA. The mean (+/- SEM) P450AROM mRNA expression in endometrial hyperplasia was 92.9 +/- 17.8 pg mRNA/microgram DNA, in endometrial cancer was 14.3 +/- 7.7 pg mRNA/microgram DNA. Androstenedione to estrone conversion in endometrial cancer tissue culture was 252.5 +/- 91 fmol/g tissue/h. Our data confirm that human normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium do express P450AROM mRNA and that aromatase activity is present in endometrial cancer tissue.
 ...
PMID:[Aromatase (P450AROM) mRNA expression in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium and aromatase activity in endometrial cancer tissue culture]. 1084 13

Tamoxifen is frequently administered as adjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma and produces weak estrogen agonist effects in estrogen sensitive tissues. In addition to producing a measurable increase in the risk of endometrial carcinoma, tamoxifen has also been associated with increasing size of uterine leiomyomata as well as the development of new leiomyomata. As the indications for tamoxifen therapy expand, surveillance for additional potential associated adverse outcomes is warranted. A 44-year-old woman with a history of bilateral breast carcinoma presented with leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata and a right ovarian Brenner tumor 18 months after beginning adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Although a causal link cannot be proven, this case is the second reported association between leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata, an ovarian Brenner tumor, and tamoxifen use for the treatment of breast carcinoma. Given the hormonal sensitivity of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata, both mutagenic and mitogenic effects of tamoxifen on this rare entity must be considered. In the setting of continued hormonal treatment for breast carcinoma, the management of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata presents unique clinical challenges.
 ...
PMID:Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata and ovarian Brenner tumor associated with tamoxifen use. 1152 Mar 71

The use of tamoxifen among women with breast cancer or at high risk of the disease has greatly expanded over the past several decades. Tamoxifen has a complex effect on the female reproductive tract and several tamoxifen-associated changes have been described among tamoxifen users. These include endometrial thickening, cervical and endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial adenocarcinoma, uterine sarcoma, increase in the size of uterine leiomyomata, exacerbation of endometriosis and ovarian cysts. The most common uterine change associated with tamoxifen is endometrial polyps. The annual incidence of endometrial cancer among women on tamoxifen is 2 per 1000 and seems to be related to the cumulative tamoxifen dose. It is not clear whether endometrial cancer occurring among women on tamoxifen is of worse prognosis than endometrial cancer occurring among women not receiving tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is associated with several sonographic changes which make the use of ultrasound in surveillance of these patients difficult. There is no indication to implement routine screening for endometrial cancer among all women on tamoxifen. However, endometrial biopsy, preferably via hysteroscopy, should be considered in women with uterine bleeding.
 ...
PMID:Tamoxifen and the female reproductive tract. 1158 20

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) for symptomatic leiomyomas is a new attractive treatment in patients who don't desire pregnancy and for which conventional therapy has failed. Uterine fibroid embolization can also be considered for patients who desire pregnancy when myomectomy is technically difficult or impossible and in case of recurrence after myomectomy. 90% improvements are commonly reported in abnormal bleeding, pelvic pains, and in bulk-related symptoms. Although numerous pregnancies have been reported after UAE, the fertility rate after UAE remains to be compared to myomectomy. Absolute contra-indications are pregnancy, endometrial carcinoma, gynaecologic infections, adnexal masses, and rapid growth of uterine leiomyomas (considered as a significant sign of sarcoma). Besides procedure related risks of angiography some specific complications are reported: deep pelvic vein thrombosis with exceptional pulmonary embolus, vaginal discharges with sometime transcervical expulsion of fibroid (5%), transient or permanent amenorrhea (4-5%) and extensive necrosis (1-2%) with possible perforation and infection. A hysterectomy is needed to manage this complication in 0.9 to 0.3% of case. The mortality rate of embolisation is evaluated to 1/3.000 against 6/10.000 for the hysterectomy. UAE is proposed as a less invasive alternative to hysterectomy and myomectomy for the treatment of symptomatic leiomyomas. This technique allows reducing the hospital stay, the convalescence period, the morbidity and the mortality rate compared to conventional surgical treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Embolization of uterine fibroids]. 1247 25

The antiestrogen drug tamoxifen, which is widely used in adjuvant hormone therapy of breast cancer, presents certain risk of causing hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Our clinical data on 1,969 breast cancer patients (stage I-III) (tamoxifen--947; control--1,022) showed a double rise in endometrial carcinoma risk in cases receiving hormone therapy. Endometrial carcinoma incidence in tamoxifen-treated patients was 3% while in the untreated ones--1.6% (p < 0.05). According to the endometrial tissue study in 439 breast cancer patients, proliferative effect of tamoxifen in the form of endometrial hyperplasia was 5--6 times in tamoxifen users. Meanwhile, endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia risk increased during a much longer exposure to tamoxifen and in combination with such factors as obesity, diabetes mellitus, uterine myoma and estrogen-type colpocytological response. Hence, breast cancer patients need to undergo dynamic follow-up of the endometrium including ultrasonic examination of the small-pelvis organs and cytological study of ecto- and endocervical smears and endometrial aspirates.
 ...
PMID:[Risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen]. 1278 5

The present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using transvaginal color Doppler and spectral analysis to differentiate between malignant and benign uterine tumors. This method was performed on 308 patients with uterine tumors before gynecological surgery. The final diagnosis was made following pathological examination of the uterus. There were 291 benign and 17 malignant uterine tumors. Tumor arterial blood flow was detected in 134 (58%) patients with myoma (RI = 0.58 +/- 0.12 SD), 23 (42.6%) patients with adenomyosis (RI = 0.67 +/- 0.14), 12 (92.3%) patients with endometrial carcinoma (RI = 0.34 +/- 0.05)) three (100%) patients with uterine sarcoma (RI = 0.31 +/- 0.03) and in one case (100%) of sarcoma botryoides (RI = 0.33). Blood flow was not detected in patients with endometriotic cysts (n = 6). The comparison of RI between patients with uterine myoma and endometrial cancer showed a significantly lower RI in the cases of endometrial carcinoma (t = 13.5; p < 0.01). Our results showed that transvaginal color Doppler has potential in the non-invasive differentiation of benign and malignant uterine tumors.
 ...
PMID:The characterization of uterine tumors by transvaginal color Doppler. 1279 45

Our aims were to assess diagnostic performance of T2-weighted (T2W) and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative assessment of myometrial and cervical invasion by endometrial carcinoma and to identify imaging features that predict nodal metastases. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed MR images of 96 patients with endometrial carcinoma. Tumor size, depth of myometrial and cervical invasion, and nodal enlargement were recorded and then correlated with histology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) for the identification of any myometrial invasion (superficial or deep) were 0.94, 0.50, 0.93, 0.55 on T2W and 0.92, 0.50, 0.92, 0.50 on dynamic T1W, and for deep myometrial invasion were 0.84, 0.78, 0.65, 0.91 on T2W and 0.72, 0.88, 0.72, 0.88 on dynamic T1W. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for any cervical invasion (endocervical or stromal) were 0.65, 0.87, 0.57, 0.90 on T2W and 0.50, 0.90, 0.46, 0.92 on dynamic T1W, and for cervical stromal involvement were 0.69, 0.95, 0.69, 0.95 on T2W and 0.50, 0.96, 0.57, 0.95 on dynamic T1W. Leiomyoma or adenomyosis were seen in 73% of misdiagnosed cases. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of nodal metastases was 66% and 73%, respectively. Fifty percent of patients with cervical invasion on MRI had nodal metastases. In conclusion, MRI has a high sensitivity for detecting myometrial invasion and a high NPV for deep invasion. MRI has a high specificity and NPV for detecting cervical invasion. Dynamic enhancement did not improve diagnostic performance. MRI may allow accurate categorization of cases into low- or high-risk groups ensuring suitable extent of surgery and adjuvant therapy.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of endometrial carcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging. 1729 Dec 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>