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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is estimated that 10-15 million women use oral contraceptives in the U.S. The 2 types of pills available are combination products containing both an estrogen and progestin, and single entity products with only progestin. Although more side effects are associated with estrogen, combination pills are the preferred prescription. Most often side effects are mild and disappear after continued use or switching to another type of pill. Some of the side effects are nausea; weight gain; chloasma; cervical extrophia and leukorrhea; hypermenorrhea; spotting and breakthrough bleeding; galactorrhea and pituitary tumors; choreiform movement disorder; endometrial cancer; and, hepatic effects. Fetal exposure to exogenous estrogens and progestins has been reported to result in increased risk for the heart and neural tube defects. Teratogenic effects subsequent to discontinuation of OCs does not appear to be a risk. The beneficial side effects of oral contraceptives are that the incidence of menorrhagia, benign breast neoplasm, dysmenorrhea, iron-deficiency anemia, premenstrual tension, acne, and ovarian cysts are lower in OC users. Thryoid diseases may be reduced by OCs.
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PMID:Side effects of oral contraceptives. 50 75

A 1-page check-off form that can be used to evaluate a woman's risk factors for oral contraceptives, IUD or diaphragm and spermicide, and provide a permanent health record of the evaluation, has been revised to reflect lower-dose pills and new information. Each risk factor is assigned points in columns under each contraceptive method, so that a score of 10 suggests that a contraindication may exist against that method. Some of the changes for orals are lower scores for age 40, unless other risk factors co-exist, especially smoking. Liver disease, hepatitis and gall bladder disease were eliminated, but liver tumors, endometrial cancer and cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy were each given 10 points. Scores were altered slightly for chloasma, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension and diabetes. Scores for the diaphragm were lowered for pelvic relaxation risk but 5 points were introduced for history of urinary tract infection. For IUDs, multiple sexual partners and abnormal bleeding are added as risks.
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PMID:Family-planning risk-scoring system: updated. 201 9