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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The problem of a relationship between nutrition and cancer has to be approached from two different points of view: 1. Direct effect of carcinogens present in foods or in food additives (direct carcinogenesis), 2. In-vivo synthesis of carcinogens caused by changes in metabolism due to altered dietary habits (indirect carcinogenesis). For the second mechanism, we have to make a distinction between the effects of nutritional deficiency and of nutritional excess. Some examples from animal experiments are presented. In man, possible relationships between nutrition and cancer are postulated mainly for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and recently also for hormone-dependent cancers. Epidemiological evidence points to the major importance of the indirect way of carcinogenesis caused by specific nutritional deficiencies and excesses. Experimental studies in man are difficult to perform. Therefore, most hypotheses are based on statistical associations, and great caution is required in drawing inferences on causal relationships. Cancers of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract epidemiologically behave in a different way, the former showing a marked decrease in most western countries, the latter a slight increase. The etiology of the cancers of the esophagus and stomach has still to be determined in spite of many hypotheses. Migrant studies show a major effect of environmental rather than genetic factors. Substantial differences in dietary habits between countries with high and low incidence of stomach cancer (Japan and United States) point to the importance of nutrition as an etiological factor with a high probability, but no specific dietary components have been identified so far. The same is true for cancer of the large bowel. Recent hypotheses suggest that dietary factors may relate to cancer of the colon by their effect on bile production and on the bacterial makeup of faeces which in turn might be transforming bile acids into active carcinogens. There is, however, disagreement about the specific dietary component responsible for this model of carcinogenesis. BURKITT stresses the importance of the lower consumption of dietary fiber, resulting in retarded bowel function and additional time for bacterial proliferation and degradation by bacteria of bile acids. WYNDER, on the other hand, explains the increased bile acid and neutral sterol excretion and microbial modification of these compounds with the high content of animal fat in the western diet. With hormone-dependent cancers (breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate), a correlation has been shown between body weight and height and breast cancer as well as between overweight and cancer of the endometrium. Which aspect of diet, if any, is responsible for changes in hormone metabolism, resulting in an increased risk of these cancers, is still to be proved. On the basis of current knowledge, it is extremely difficult to draw inferences for preventive action. Certainly, a cancer-preventing diet cannot be established...
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PMID:[Nutrition and cancer (author's transl)]. 101 38

A clinico-genealogic investigation was carried out in 216 patients with endometrial cancer. Familial accumulation of endometrial and other cancer incidence was established. The segregation rates appeared to be lower than those expected from simple Mendelian models (2-11%). A multifactorial nature of endometrial cancer in overall susceptibility to the disease was found to be at 61%. A genetic correlation analysis showed endometrial cancer to share common genes with breast and gastric cancer in females. Tables of recurrent risk of the disease for relatives were prepared to be used in medico-genetic counseling.
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PMID:[Familial-populational studies of endometrial cancer: segregation and genetic dispersion analyses]. 134 57

A series of 47 human carcinoma cell lines and their cultured cells were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) genomes with the use of an HPV detection kit (DNA-RNA hybridization, mixed HPV DNA probe of types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35). Four of 8 cases of mild dysplasia, 3 of 9 cases of severe dysplasia, 3 of 7 cases of carcinoma in situ, 3 of 15 cases of uterine carcinoma and 5 of 6 cases of condyloma acuminatum were shown to contain the HPV DNA genome in primary cultured cells, while HPV was not detected in the third-passage cells except for the three cases of large cell, nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. HPV was also not detected in such normal tissues as uterine cervical squamous epithelium, uterine cervical columnar epithelium and endometrium. The presence of HPV DNA genomes was detected consistently in the passages of three lines (SKG-II, HKMUS and HKTUS; large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix) with the use of the Southern Blot method (DNA-DNA hybridization, mixed HPV probe of types 6, 11, 16 and 18). HPV type 16 DNA was detected in HKTUS, and HPV type 18 DNA was found in SKG-II and HKMUS. The other 44 cell lines, including ovarian carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, sarcoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and rectal cancer, were negative for the HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-33 and HPV-35 genomes under stringent hybridization conditions.
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PMID:Presence of human papillomavirus genome in human tumor cell lines and cultured cells. 166 88

Estrogen receptors (ER) were examined in cytosol, nuclear potassium chloride (KCl) extractable fraction, and nuclear KCl unextractable fraction by the dextran-coated charcoal adsorption method in various gastric cancer tissue. The overall ER-positive rate in the cytosol and nuclear fraction was 19.2%. The maximum binding site (Bmax) was 36.0 to 175.0 fmol/mg of protein, and the dissociation constant (Kd) was 0.6 to 1.6 X 10(-9) in cytosol fraction. In the nuclear fraction, Bmax was 7.5 fmol/mg of DNA and Kd was 2.3 X 10(-9). Estrogen receptors were characterized in cytosol protein. In cytosol, the estrogen (E2)-ER complex was sedimented at approximately the 5S and 8S regions by 5% to 20% linear sucrose gradient centrifugation. A steroid specificity study of ER showed the presence of an binder in gastric cancer tissue. In conclusion, these results that gastric cancer tissue has E2 binding sites with the same biochemical characteristics as in breast cancer and endometrial cancer strongly suggest the hormonal dependency of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Characterization of estrogen receptor in human gastric cancer. 207 Mar 29

Cancer is a disease predominantly seen in the older age group. The most frequent forms are in males: lung, prostatic, stomach, colonic and bladder cancer. In females: breast, colonic, stomach cancer, lymphoma, leukaemia and rectal cancer. In view of the expected demographic figures a dramatic increase in the incidence of cancer is expected. The malignancies seen in the elderly respond generally poor to chemotherapy. Most cytotoxic drugs are excreted by the kidneys. Especially the renal clearance of anticancer drugs will therefore be compromised in the elderly, this should be considered when giving cytostatics. Mucositis, bone marrow toxicity, pulmonary and neurotoxicity are quite often enhanced in the older patient group. The indications for chemotherapy are limited. Chemotherapy should not be withheld from patients with advanced breast cancer and certain haematological malignancies. Further clinical research focussed on the elderly is warranted. Drugs with a mild spectrum of side effects deserve priority. Hormonal treatment is an important modality in breast, prostatic and endometrial carcinoma. The burden for the patients is limited and the advantages are well documented.
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PMID:[Drug treatment of cancer in elderly patients]. 221 38

The hereditary colonic cancer syndrome without polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is usually divided into 2 main categories: hereditary site-specific colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome I) and colorectal cancer in association with other forms of cancer (Lynch syndrome II). One problem associated with Lynch II is the uncertainty as to which types of cancer form part of the hereditary tumour spectrum. The present study was performed to obtain more information about the tumour spectrum of HNPCC. In the 24 HNPCC families studied, 104 patients had colorectal cancer (mean age at diagnosis: 46 years) and in 4 of the families this was the only type of cancer to occur. Sixty-five extra-colonic tumours were diagnosed in 20 families. Endometrial carcinoma was found in 16 patients belonging to 12 families. Cancer of the stomach occurred in 10 patients representing 5 families, and mainly in the older generations. Urinary-tract tumours were found in 8 patients from 4 families. Second primary tumours were diagnosed in 13 of the 16 patients with endometrial cancer, in 4 of the 10 patients with stomach cancer and in 7 of the 8 patients with a urinary-tract tumour. Many other types of carcinoma were found as well, but less frequently. In our families, the trait appears to be transmitted by patients with cancer of the stomach, endometrium or urinary tract, because some of their children have developed colorectal cancer. The findings suggest that, in these 24 HNPCC families, carcinomas of the endometrium, stomach and urinary tract belong to the hereditary tumour spectrum. Definite assignment of tumours to this spectrum will become possible only after a sensitive and specific biomarker becomes available. The screening programme should depend on which and how many extra-colonic tumours occur in a family.
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PMID:The tumour spectrum in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: a study of 24 kindreds in the Netherlands. 236 99

Immunoperoxidase staining for human keratin proteins was performed cytologically on samples from 90 patients with malignant tumors, and histologically on samples from 164 patients with malignant tumors. At the cytological level, almost all tumor cells not only in squamous cell carcinoma but also in nonsquamous cell carcinoma were positive for keratin proteins, in contrast with the apparent abscence of keratin proteins in sarcoma. At the histological level, almost all neoplastic cells of squamous cell carcinoma were positive for keratin proteins, the same as at the cytological level. In contrast, among cases of nonsquamous cell carcinoma, the frequency of appearance of keratin proteins varied according to the organ; it tended to be low in tumors with relatively good prognosis, such as carcinomas in the digestive system or thyroid cancer, and to be high in tumor with poor prognosis, such as pulmonary cancer, gallbladder cancer and endometrial cancer. However, there was a marked difference between the frequency of appearance of keratin proteins at the cytological level and that at the histological level, particularly in the cases of gastric cancer.
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PMID:The localization of human keratin proteins at cytological and histological levels in carcinomatous and sarcomatous lesions. 242 10

Disease-oriented phase II trials of doxifluridine were performed in advanced colorectal, breast, renal, endometrial, stomach, and ovarian carcinomas. The dose schedule recommended by the phase I trial (12.5 g/m2 by continuous iv infusion over 6 hours once a week for 3 weeks followed by a 1-week rest) was chosen first: the initial dose was later decreased to 10 g/m2 due to the fact that several neurotoxic effects were reported. A total of 207 patients were entered: 137 patients who received at least two courses of treatment were evaluable for response. Therapeutic activity was demonstrated in breast cancer [two complete responses (CR) and 13 partial responses (PR) among 42 patients], colon cancer (seven PRs among 35 patients), and rectal cancer (six PRs among 23 patients). Some therapeutic activity was detected in ovarian cancer (one CR among nine patients), endometrial cancer (one PR among five patients), and stomach cancer (one PR among five patients). No significant activity was noticed in renal cancer (one PR among 18 patients). Nonhematological toxicity was evaluated according to World Health Organization criteria. Nausea and vomiting were recorded in 50% of the patients (Grade 3-4 in 5%), diarrhea was recorded in 20% (Grade 3-4 in 5%), and cutaneous and allergic reactions were recorded in 10% (Grade 3-4 in 2%). Myelotoxicity during the first treatment course was mild; median wbc and platelet count nadirs (x 10(9) cells/L) were 4.1 (range, 0.1-11) and 194 (range, 20-482), respectively. Nevertheless, some cases of acute leukopenia and thrombopenia were reported. Consciousness alterations and neurologic symptoms were the major side effects (72 of 173 evaluable patients), since treatment had to be interrupted in 34 patients and four lethal neurotoxic effects occurred. At the same total dose of doxifluridine, the risk of neurotoxicity significantly increases with age and with the weekly dose and to the contrary it decreases with increasing bilirubin level. Although activity was demonstrated, this treatment cannot be recommended because of major neurotoxicity. Further pharmacological studies seem warranted to define the optimal dosage schedule and to obtain a better therapeutic index.
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PMID:Phase II clinical evaluation of doxifluridine. 294 45

4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin hydrochloride (THP-ADM) is a new anthracycline derivative. The antitumor activity of THP-ADM was tested on 51 human tumor samples representing ten different tumor types in in vitro colony assay method. Tested tumors were: 26 cases of ovarian cancer, 8 cases of breast cancer, 6 cases of colorectal cancer, 3 cases of endometrial cancer, 2 cases each with gastric cancer and sarcoma, and another 4 cases. An in vitro colony assay was done in soft agar as described by Hamburger & Salmon. The criteria for in vitro sensitivity was defined as a 70 percent or greater reduction in the number of colonies after a 1-h exposure to drugs. The selected concentrations of THP-ADM for assay were 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 micrograms/ml. The sensitivity rates for THP-ADM in each dose were: 0.05 micrograms/ml (7/19, 37%), 0.5 micrograms/ml (10/51, 20%), and 1.0 micrograms/ml (12/19, 63%). In vitro sensitivity of adriamycin (0.04 micrograms/ml) was simultaneously tested in 49 cancer patients. Five out of 25 ovarian cancer patients (20%) showed responses to adriamycin and an overall response rate was 12% (6/49). These data indicate that THP-ADM has an antitumor activity against various cancers and it is comparable to that of adriamycin.
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PMID:Activity of 4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin hydrochloride (THP-ADM) in a human tumor cloning system. 668 22

Colony forming ability of solid tumor cells was studied in a tumor colony assay (human tumor stem cell assay). In 50 cases of solid tumors, cloning efficiencies of 5 X 10(5) cells plated were as follows: breast cancer 12/12 (100%), colon cancer 10/11 (91%), ovarian cancer 9/9 (100%), sarcomas 7/9 (78%), gastric cancer 3/6 (50%), endometrial cancer 2/2 and pancreatic cancer 1/1. An overall cloning efficiency was 88% (44/50) and this rate is higher than those reported in literatures. Ovarian cancer showed the highest plating efficiency of 0.07% (number of colonies/number of cells plated X 100%) in various solid tumors tested. Subsequently, plating efficiencies of colon and breast cancer were 0.03 and 0.01%, respectively. In the cases of sarcomas and gastric cancer, low plating efficiencies were seen (0.008%, 0.003%). The overall rate succeeded colony growth of solid tumors was somewhat higher in enzymatically treated tumor cells, that is, cloning efficiencies in mechanical and enzymatic methods were 85 and 90%, respectively. The enzymatic disaggregation is an advantageous method in gastric cancer and sarcomas. Various solid tumors can be formed colonies in soft agar and chemosensitivity test using in vitro colony assay is expected in solid tumors.
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PMID:[Colony formation of solid tumors in in vitro colony assay (human tumor stem cell assay)]. 676 97


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