Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with cervical non-Hodgkin lymphoma was treated with chemotherapy. Fourteen months after the diagnosis of the lymphoma, an endometrial adenocarcinoma was detected as a secondary malignant tumor. The patient was treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy. Approximately 7 years after the diagnosis of endometrial cancer, vaginal invasive squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed as the third primary malignancy, and a second-line palliative radiotherapy was applied. Seven months after the last radiotherapy, postradiational sarcoma in the vagina was diagnosed. Congenital and acquired immune system disorders, viral oncogenes, and various human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types were investigated. Total blood count and lymphocyte subset analysis were performed, and CD4+ lymphopenia was detected. Serologic tests were carried out for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus infection. Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen IgG was found positive. Low-risk human papillomavirus panel was detected by Hybrid Capture method in the cervical smear. The HLA investigation revealed HLA-A2, HLA-A3, HLA-B57, HLA-B35, HLA-B4, HLA-B6, HLA-DR3, HLA-DR1, HLA-DR51, HLA-DR52, HLA-DQ6(1), and HLA-DQ7(3). The patient died because of the disease.
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PMID:A case with multiple gynecological malignancies. 1582 28

Mutations in the MMAC/PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) gene are documented in cancers of the breast, prostate, ovary, colon, melanoma, glioblastoma, lymphoma and endometrium. In the present work MMAC/PTEN gene expression in women with endometrial adenocarcinoma (n=70) in RNA samples obtained from cancer tissue were investigated. Control DNA was obtained from 68 normal endometrial tissue. The MMAC/PTEN expression was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The expression of MMAC/PTEN gene in endometrial adenocarcinoma cases was significantly reduced compared to the expression in the normal samples (P < 0.05). Furthermore the significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the expression of MMAC/PTEN in stage III versus lower stages of endometrial cancer. The results support the hypothesis that the MMAC/PTEN gene expression may be associated with the incidence of endometrial cancer.
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PMID:MMAC/PTEN gene expression in endometrial cancer: RT-PCR studies. 1721 40

The use of frozen section in gynecological pathology has not been emphasized in the literature to the same degree as in other surgical fields. This review focuses on the indications, contraindications, and limitations of frozen-section diagnosis specific to the female genital tract. An intraoperative consultation in gynecological pathology is indicated (a) to ensure that the tissue sampled is adequate for diagnosis, (b) to determine the nature of a disease process, (c) to plan for appropriate ancillary studies, (d) to determine tumor spread, and (e) to assess the margins. In the ovary, mucinous tumors in particular may present a challenge and potential for misdiagnosis at the time of frozen section. It is important to determine the nature of the ovarian involvement, as tumor size greater than 10 cm or bilateral involvement strongly suggests a metastatic process. Also, the distinction between ovarian carcinoma and tumors of borderline malignancy may be difficult in a limited sampling. In the germ cell category, an important distinction is that of a dysgerminoma from a large cell lymphoma, due to different treatment regimes. Pregnant and postpartum women present a unique challenge as the effects of high levels of pregnancy-related hormones may result in lesions that closely mimic malignancy. Although intraoperative frozen section should be discouraged as a primary diagnostic procedure for endometrial carcinoma, it can be very helpful to identify those patients who are at risk for extrauterine spread and who may require lymphadenectomy. Analysis of a cone biopsy of the cervix by frozen section may be warranted particularly if the previous biopsy showed equivocal stromal invasion, an uncertain depth of invasion, there are issues related to fertility; however, the process is time consuming and may compromise the permanent sections if the lesion is very small. Frozen-section diagnosis in squamous cell carcinoma and in Paget disease of the vulva is infrequently requested as these entities are multifocal resulting in an inaccurate frozen-section diagnosis. Lastly, intraoperative evaluation of lymph nodes including the role of sentinel lymph nodes is discussed.
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PMID:A practical approach to intraoperative consultation in gynecological pathology. 1858 Mar 13

The clinical and pathological findings of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) have been described in the literature but the etiology is not well established, and treatment options are poorly defined. We reviewed patients with PBL in our institution to characterize the clinicopathologic features in our patient population. In this retrospective analysis from a single academic institution, five patients with PBL were identified and analyzed. Human immunodeficiency virus and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) were identified in 40% (two out of five) and 80% (four out of five) of these patients, respectively. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement was identified in four out of five (80%) patients. Interestingly, three out of five patients had a concurrent or preceding second primary malignancy including small lymphocytic lymphoma, endometrial cancer, and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Most of the patients had advanced disease and a poor performance status at diagnosis. Only two of the patients received systemic chemotherapy with an initial partial response. All five patients died; the median overall survival was 1 month. Our experience in patients with PBL indicates that CNS involvement is more common than reported in the literature. Coexistence of a second primary malignancy may be frequent, and prognosis remains dismal with standard lymphoma therapy. Lastly, the role of HHV-8 in the etiopathogenesis needs further trials.
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PMID:Plasmablastic lymphoma: CNS involvement, coexistence of other malignancies, possible viral etiology, and dismal outcome. 1878 25

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of Behcet's disease (BD) complicated with malignancy in Korea. Of 1,769 patients with BD in our hospital, 32 patients (1.8%, 21 in solid cancer, 11 in hematologic malignancy) developed cancer. In 10 of the 32 subjects (31.3%), malignancy was diagnosed before or concomitantly with BD. Twelve cases (37.5%) occurred within the first 2 years of disease and 9 cases (28.1%) occurred 5 years after the diagnosis of BD. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was the most common disease (n = 7) followed by thyroid cancer (n = 4), breast cancer, cervix cancer, stomach cancer, rectal cancer, hepatoma, aplastic anemia (n = 3, each), renal cell cancer, endometrial cancer, lymphoma (n = 1, each). There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristic between patients with or without malignancy. Intestinal involvement were more frequent in patients with malignancy than those without, but was not statistically significant (p = 0.083). Our results demonstrate that MDS and thyroid cancer are the most common hematologic disease and solid cancer associated with BD, respectively. Further studies will be required to ascertain the pathogenic link between BD and malignancy and the prevalence of malignancy in BD.
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PMID:Behcet's disease associated with malignancy in Korea: a single center experience. 2001 87

The aim of this study was to determine whether the universal overexpression of hiwi is associated with cancer angiogenesis. The difference of mRNA expression in blood vessels derived from DLBCL and RLNH tissues was detected, and hiwi was overexpressed in tumor vessels of lymphoma. The hiwi expression in cell lines and tissues was measured by using RT-PCR and immuno-staining, as well as the Ang-2 and Tie-2 expressions in tissues. Hiwi was significantly expressed in cancer cell lines Hela, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435s, A2780, 111 and 113. Compared with that of chronic cervicitis (CC), hyperplasia of mammary glands (HMG), ovarian benign lesions (OBL) and endometrium benign lesions (EBL), the expression of hiwi, Ang-2 and Tie-2 was increased significantly in uterine cervical cancer (UCC), breast carcinoma (BC), ovarian cancer (OC) and endometrial cancer (EC) (P<0.01). Additionally, the hiwi expression was positively correlated with Ang-2 in UCC, BC and OC, and Tie-2 in OC. These results suggest that hiwi plays an important role in the oncogenesis and is a potential target for cancer angiogenesis.
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PMID:The universal overexpression of a cancer testis antigen hiwi is associated with cancer angiogenesis. 2020 92

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency in patients with endometrial cancer of other malignancies and the influence of referral and ascertainment biases on these associations. Analysis of 1,028 local and referred patients who had a hysterectomy for endometrial cancer was based on residence at the time of diagnosis. Altogether, 208 patients had a history of another malignancy, most frequently breast, colon, and ovary. At the time of surgery for endometrial cancer, the prevalence of lymphoma and breast and ovarian cancers was greater than expected although the higher prevalence of lymphoma was limited to referred patients. During follow-up after hysterectomy, the incidence of lung cancer was lower than expected, whereas the incidence of lymphoma was higher. Breast, colorectal, and bladder cancers were more common than expected although this finding was limited to local patients. We concluded that results of epidemiologic studies from tertiary care centers may be misleading if they do not account for referral and ascertainment biases.
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PMID:Referral and ascertainment bias in patients with synchronous and metachronous endometrial malignancy. 2034 73

We report a rare case of primary lymphoma of fallopian tube in a 68-year-old woman who underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrial carcinoma. The specimen showed a well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma with superficial myometrial invasion. The left fallopian tube revealed a 1 cm nodule that histologically showed diffuse lymphoid follicles consisting of small cleaved lymphocytes and occasional larger cells. The cells were immunopositive for CD20, BCL-2, and BCL-6 but negative for CD3 and CD43. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed a monoclonal B-cell population. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization revealed at (14, 18) translocation. The patient had absent lymphadenopathy and negative CT scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis. The findings were consistent with a primary low grade follicular lymphoma of fallopian tube. She did not receive chemotherapy and remained disease free for 13 months after surgery. Our case suggests that primary lymphoma of fallopian tube may be associated with a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Primary follicular lymphoma of the fallopian tube found incidentally in a patient treated for endometrial carcinoma: a case report. 2058 6

This article reviews the role of imaging in malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus. Endometrial cancer is the most common uterine malignancy, and diagnosis is made by histology. Staging of these tumors remain surgical-pathologic on the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system. However, imaging is important in treatment planning, with magnetic resonance imaging providing the best staging for the primary tumor; more advanced disease may be evaluated with computed tomography or positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Uterine sarcomas are uncommon and heterogeneous group of malignancies. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics have introduced a new staging system for uterine sarcoma that is also surgical-pathologic. Imaging is used in evaluating these tumors and in defining the extent of disease. Other malignant tumors involving the uterus and discussed here include lymphoma and metastases.
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PMID:Imaging of uterine malignancies. 2097 57

GATA3 is a zinc-finger transcription factor, which is expressed in various normal and neoplastic tissues. Amongst tumors, it labels urothelial carcinoma, collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney, breast carcinoma, lymphoma and, uncommonly, endometrial carcinoma. Few studies have investigated its positivity in various neoplasms that may mimic urothelial neoplasms. In this study, we evaluated GATA3 expression in urinary bladder paragangliomas, which may closely mimic urothelial carcinomas. We retrieved 12 cases of paragangliomas from the urinary bladder and 20 cases of paragangliomas from non-urologic sites using the Hopkins Pathology Data Base system. GATA3 was positive in 10 of the 12 (83%) urinary bladder paragangliomas studied on routine slide sections. Most (6/12) of the staining was diffusely strong (3+) staining, whereas the rest (4/12) that were positive showed mixed intensities (strong 3+ to moderate 2+). The 20 paragangliomas from other sites were constructed into tissue microarrays, wherein three cores from each tumor were taken. Fifteen out of 20 (75%) paragangliomas outside of the bladder were positive for GATA3 staining. Moderate (2+) or strong (3+) staining was seen in 13/20 (65%) of extravesical paragangliomas, ranging from 5 to 100% of the cell labeling (mean 59%, median 60%). In the remaining 7/20 (35%) cases, only weak (2/7) or negative (5/7) immunoreactivity for GATA3 was seen. An additional 15 cases of metastatic paraganglioma from various primary sites were retrieved with 12 of 15 (80%) metastatic paragangliomas staining positively for GATA3. Overall, for paragangliomas, regardless of site, 78.7% were positive for GATA3. Recognition of this finding will aid pathologists in preventing a misdiagnosis of a urothelial tumor based on GATA3 expression, which is critical given the differences in treatment, follow-up and prognosis between bladder paragangliomas and urothelial carcinoma.
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PMID:GATA3 expression in paragangliomas: a pitfall potentially leading to misdiagnosis of urothelial carcinoma. 2359 57


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