Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A proportion of cancers in endocrine target tissues can show the presence of specific receptors for either steroid or polypetide hormones. Manipulation of the controlling hormones does not guarantee regression. A third of cancers in endocrine target organs (breast, uterine endometrium, and prostate) show a 50% reduction in size of lesions after hormonal therapy. If regression resulting from an aggressive form of therapy lasts a short while and the tumor reactivates by the time the unpleasant effects of the therapy wear off, the treatment is not palliative. Endocrine therapy in prostatic cancer is palliative but there is no evidence that is increases survival. 11 different progestational agents in endometrial cancer therapy in the past 25 years resulted in a 30-35% response. Response must be maintained by continual treatment and may last from 12 months to 7-8 years. In breast cancer, tumors with a significant level of estrogen receptor (ER+) have about a 60% chance of regression vs. tumors without estrogen receptors (ER-), 10%. Advanced cancers of the thyroid of the papillary or follicular type regress when the patient is treated by thyroxine, .3 mg daily. Leukemia and lymphoma are frequently treated, with varying degrees of success with corticosteroid therapy, which may also predispose the patient to intercurrent infection. Renal cancer has been often treated by medroxyprogesterone acetate or testosterone propionate, with little success.
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PMID:Endocrine therapy in cancer. 8 86

In some families breast cancer aggregates as the predominant site-specific neoplasia and in others in association with defined malignancies. In the case of familial adenocarcinomatous (Lynch II-syndrome) it occurs together mainly with colorectal and endometrial carcinoma whereas in the case of the Li-Fraumeni/SBLA-syndrome it belongs to a wider spectrum including sarcoma, brain tumors, lung and laryngeal cancer, leukaemia and adrenocortical carcinoma. The occurrence of these malignancies is reported as they were observed in the families of 600 women suffering from breast cancer.
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PMID:[Tumor diseases in families of 600 breast cancer patients with special reference to familial adenocarcinomatosis and the Li-Fraumeni-/SBLA syndrome]. 152 35

The occurrence of new primary tumours among postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer subsequent to adjuvant treatment in Denmark was assessed by linkage to the cancer registry. Following primary surgery, patients in low risk of recurrence (n = 1,828) received no further treatment while patients in high risk randomly received either adjuvant radiotherapy alone (n = 846) or radiotherapy + tamoxifen 30 mg daily for 48 weeks (n = 864). With a median follow-up of 8 years, the incidence of tumours in the contralateral breast was similar among tamoxifen-treated, and non-treated high-risk patients even after adjusting for tumours arising within the first year. The standardized incidence ratio for endometrial cancer was 1.9 (95% confidence interval 0.8-3.9) among tamoxifen treated, the cumulative incidence 1% compared to 0.3% among non-treated patients (p = 0.11). The cumulative risk of non-lymphocytic leukaemia was 0.9% and 0.1% among irradiated and non-irradiated patients respectively (p = 0.4). Prolonged follow-up of tamoxifen-treated patients with regard to new tumours is recommended.
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PMID:Carcinogenic effects of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment and radiotherapy for early breast cancer. 162 43

The determination of steroid hormone receptors obtained an increasing significance in the last years. It has contributed to the explanation of the mechanism of hormone regulation in the organism. The test allows an additional indication, exceeding the histological differentiation, both in breast and endometrial cancer with regard to prognosis of the patient and of success of an adjuvant or curative hormone therapy, especially in progredient cases. The receptor test can be decisive for the strategy of therapy. The test allows a better indication of the expected success of therapy for different types of leukemia and malignant lymphoma, too. But the success of a pure glucocorticoid therapy is often temporarily restricted because of the spontaneous occurrence of steroid resistant receptor mutants.
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PMID:[Clinical-diagnostic significance of steroid hormone receptor determinations]. 164 50

The incidence of new primary cancers was evaluated in 3538 postmenopausal patients who had received surgical treatment for primary breast cancer. Of these patients, 1828 with a low risk of recurrence received no further treatment. High-risk patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group (n = 846) received postoperative radiotherapy, while the second group (n = 864) received radiotherapy plus tamoxifen at a dose of 30 mg given daily for 48 weeks. The median observation time was 7.9 years. In comparison with the number of new cancers in the general population, the number of new cancers in the three groups was elevated mostly due to a high number of cancers of the contralateral breast and of colorectal cancers in the high-risk groups. The cumulative risk of nonlymphatic leukemia was increased among patients who received postoperative radiotherapy (P = .04). Cancer incidence in the high-risk tamoxifen-treated group relative to that in the high-risk group not treated with tamoxifen was not significant (1.3). No protective effect of tamoxifen on the opposite breast was seen (rate ratio for breast cancer = 1.1), but a tendency to an elevated risk of endometrial cancer was observed (rate ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.6-32.4). Continued and careful follow-up of women treated with tamoxifen is necessary to clarify the potential cancer-suppressive or cancer-promoting effects of this drug.
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PMID:Incidence of new primary cancers after adjuvant tamoxifen therapy and radiotherapy for early breast cancer. 207 7

Cancer is a disease predominantly seen in the older age group. The most frequent forms are in males: lung, prostatic, stomach, colonic and bladder cancer. In females: breast, colonic, stomach cancer, lymphoma, leukaemia and rectal cancer. In view of the expected demographic figures a dramatic increase in the incidence of cancer is expected. The malignancies seen in the elderly respond generally poor to chemotherapy. Most cytotoxic drugs are excreted by the kidneys. Especially the renal clearance of anticancer drugs will therefore be compromised in the elderly, this should be considered when giving cytostatics. Mucositis, bone marrow toxicity, pulmonary and neurotoxicity are quite often enhanced in the older patient group. The indications for chemotherapy are limited. Chemotherapy should not be withheld from patients with advanced breast cancer and certain haematological malignancies. Further clinical research focussed on the elderly is warranted. Drugs with a mild spectrum of side effects deserve priority. Hormonal treatment is an important modality in breast, prostatic and endometrial carcinoma. The burden for the patients is limited and the advantages are well documented.
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PMID:[Drug treatment of cancer in elderly patients]. 221 38

HMFG antigen is a tumour associated glycoprotein that has been immunohistochemically shown to be expressed by malignant cells in breast and ovarian and to a lesser degree in gastro-intestinal carcinomas. We have developed a non-isotopic sandwich ELISA for secretory HMFG antigen utilizing a polyclonal catcher and a tracer monoclonal antibody (MAb). 52/52 of healthy medical students (controls) had a serum value under 400 U/ml whereas 15/30 patients (50%) with evident ovarian cancer and 13/37 (35%) with advanced breast cancer had a value exceeding 400 U/ml. From other patients with malignant tumours 2/14 (14%) with endometrial carcinoma, 0/5 with cervical carcinoma, 0/5 with vulvar carcinoma, 1/33 with gastro-intestinal carcinoma, 0/4 with oesophageal carcinoma and 2/45 of patients with leukemia or lymphoma had an elevated serum HMFG value. Four cases of Crohn disease, 3 cases of ulcerative colitis and 2 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease all showed a serum value below 400 U/ml. Progression of ovarian cancer was accompanied by increasing serum HMFG antigen levels. The antigen detected by our assay is different from CA 125 but may be related with the tumour associated antigen CA 15-3.
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PMID:Elevated serum HMFG antigen levels in breast and ovarian cancer patients measured with a sandwich ELISA. 316 44

Second malignancies are one of the known complications of cancer treatment. Several recent studies which have quantified the risk of treatment-induced cancers following gynecologic malignancies are reviewed. After cervical cancer, there is a 9% excess risk of second cancers, of which only 5% could be attributed to radiation therapy. Most of the treatment-related malignancies after cervical or endometrial cancer are solid tumors occurring within the radiation field. Following both cervical and endometrial cancer, there is a small increased risk of leukemia associated with radiation therapy. In contrast, after ovarian cancer, there is significantly increased risk of leukemia related to treatment with alkylating agents, which varies by drug type and total dose. The cumulative risk of leukemia and preleukemia following single agent melphalan is 11.2% +/- 2.6% at ten years; the risk after cyclophosphamide is 5.4% +/- 3.2%. Overall, the risk of second malignancies following treatment of gynecologic cancers is small.
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PMID:Treatment-related cancers after gynecologic malignancy. 330 71

In a review of 1248 cases of ulcerative colitis seen at the Cleveland Clinic that were followed up to 1984 (mean, 14.4 years), 82 patients (6.5%) were subsequently found to have colorectal cancer and 48 (3.8%) had extracolonic malignancy, 6 of them with associated colorectal cancer. Most patients with colorectal cancer were men (2:1), and had extensive (90%) and long-lasting colitis (10 years or more in 93% of cases; mean 18 years). Colitis was inactive before the diagnosis of cancer in 48%. Acute onset of the first attack was rare (7%), and the disease had a remittent course in 92%. The mean age at diagnosis of cancer was 43 years. The cumulative risk of colorectal cancer was significantly higher in patients with extensive colitis than in those with left-sided disease (P less than 0.0001: 11.9% vs. 1.8% at 20 years and 25.3% vs. 3.7% at 30 years). When comparing mean duration of disease, left-sided colitis (22 years) did not differ significantly from extensive disease. The tumor was multifocal in 13.5%, proximal to the splenic flexure in 44%, and poorly differentiated in 34% of the cases. The diagnosis was suspected clinically in 64% of cases. The prognosis of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis appears to be similar to that in the general population. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 54%. This study supports the concept that surveillance colonoscopy should be started after 8 to 10 years of extensive colitis and after 15 years of left-sided colitis. Among those with extracolonic malignancy, the incidence of bile duct carcinoma, leukemia, bone tumors, and endometrial cancer was significantly greater than expected (P less than 0.01), whereas that of lung cancer was significantly lower than expected (P less than 0.01).
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PMID:Colorectal and extracolonic malignancy in ulcerative colitis. 374 75

It has been proposed that the biosynthesis of estrogens by the human endometrium may be of physiological significance during the menstrual cycle. Local estrogen production was also suggested to be important in the development of endometrial cancer; however, the presence or absence of aromatase enzyme activity in normal human endometrium is controversial. To address this issue, we used a sensitive technique capable of detecting mRNA transcripts present in only very low copy number. The polymerase chain reaction linked to reverse transcription (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the presence or absence of aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) transcripts in endometrial tissues (n = 7) and endometrial stromal cells (n = 9) under various culture conditions. RNA was isolated from four proliferative and three secretory tissue samples and from cultured endometrial stromal cells isolated from seven proliferative and two secretory endometria. Five sets of cultures were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), estradiol (E2), and forskolin. Additionally, RNA was isolated from decidualized endometrium obtained from a patient with tubal pregnancy. A single stranded cDNA was synthesized from total RNA using Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase and a P450arom-specific oligonucleotide. The single stranded cDNA was used as a template for PCR and was amplified for 20-35 cycles using P450arom-specific primers. RNA from adipose tissue and placenta was amplified to provide positive controls, whereas myometrial RNA was used as a negative control. In two experiments involving two endometrial tissues and three sets of cells in culture, a rat P450arom cRNA was coamplified in each sample as an internal control to demonstrate that the remote possibility of RT-PCR failures in individual test samples cannot account for our negative results. By Southern or slot blot hybridization of the amplified fragments using human and rat P450arom-specific probes, we found no evidence for the presence of P450arom transcripts in normal endometrium, decidualized endometrium, or endometrial stromal cells in culture. In our hands, assay of aromatase activity using [3H]water release from [3H]androstenedione by endometrial stromal cells in culture treated with MPA and E2, did not reveal any detectable aromatase activity. The same cells responded to MPA plus E2 treatment by a significant increase in PRL secretion into the culture medium. Presently, RT-PCR is the most sensitive method available for the detection of specific mRNA species in low copy numbers. These findings are indicative of the absence of P450arom transcripts in normal human endometrium.
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PMID:Polymerase chain reaction amplification fails to detect aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts in normal human endometrium or decidua. 768 41


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