Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent studies have demonstrated new benefits of pill use, reduced risks associated with the minipill, and the possibility of screening out high risk women. The minipill is as effective as other formulations except in cases of chronic malnutrition or concomitant use of antibiotics or anticonvulsives. Oral contraceptives (OCs) frequently lessen menstrual problems. They prevent functional cysts in the ovaries, and reduce the incidence of benign breast tumors and the relative risk of developing ovarian cancer after 3 years of use. Combined OCs reduce the risk of endometrial cancer although sequentials increase it. OCs offer protection against salpingitis and other pelvic infections, against tubal pregnancies, and against chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Minipills appear to be less frequently associated with bothersome side effects than other OCs. The most significant risk of OCs is of death due to thrombo emboli of venous origin, myocardial ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, and hypertension in women over 35, particularly those who smoke heavily. In 1981 the 2 British studies reported a reduced risk from these causes compared to results published in 1977. Estrogens are clearly responsible for some of the complications, apparently due to a weakening of the fibrinolytic systems, but progestagens or estrogen-progestagen combinations are also implicated. Arterial hypertension and cerebral and cardiac accidents appear to be due to the effect of progestagens on arterial tension, glucose metabolism, and the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Risks of some liver diseases are elevated in pill users, but the question of tumors of the pituitary is not yet resolved. The incidence of uterine cancer appears to be elevated in pill users although the association is obscured by other factors. Some evidence exists of an association between estrogen-progestagen formulations and melanoma. No increase in abortion or fetal malformations except possibly an increase in twin pregnancies is noted after discontinuation of the pill. Pills should not be prescribed for smokers over 35 or any women over 45. Pills are possibly acceptable for women 35-44 in good health with no signs of diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipoproteinemia. They should be followed up more frequently and should recognize the signs of complications.
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PMID:[Oral contraception in 1983 (author's transl)]. 1231 9