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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase I multicenter evaluation of a novel antiestrogen, toremifene, was undertaken in postmenopausal women with various advanced difficult-to-treat malignancies. One hundred and seven women were treated at one of six dosage levels (10, 20, 40, 60, 200, or 400 mg/d orally) for at least 8 weeks. Weekly evaluations for toxicity were conducted. The most common side effects were nausea (31%), vomiting (12%), and hot flashes (29%). Five patients were removed from the study for possible adverse reactions: three patients experienced hypercalcemia; one experienced tremulousness, fatigue, and inability to think clearly; and one had vaginal bleeding. Twelve patients died while on study, 11 with disease progression and one with a pulmonary embolus. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels increased and there was a modest decline in serum antithrombin III levels. Four of 48 assessable patients had partial responses: three with breast cancer and one with endometrial cancer. Toremifene was generally well tolerated at the doses tested.
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PMID:Phase I study of toremifene in patients with advanced cancer. 183 8

Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia associated with adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium is described. This is the first reported case of a gynecologic cancer in which the paraneoplastic syndrome has been conclusively shown by immunohistochemical analysis to be due to ectopic parathormone.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia associated with adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium. 198 23

Toremifene is a triphenylethylene derivative structurally and pharmacologically similar to tamoxifen. This Phase I trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, anti-estrogenic, and estrogenic effects of toremifene at six dose levels (10, 20, 40, 60, 200, and 400 mg/day). The most common side-effects associated with therapy included gastrointestinal (nausea/vomiting 43%), anti-estrogenic (hot flashes 29%), and CNS (dizziness/vertigo 12%). Three patients with bone metastases from breast cancer developed hypercalcemia. At doses greater than or equal to 40 mg/day a decline in LH and FSH occurred which was not statistically significant. At all doses tested SHBG rose during therapy. A dose dependent estrogenic blockade was seen on the vaginal epithelium following challenge with transdermal estradiol. Steady-state concentrations of toremifene were reached within 4 weeks, and at doses greater than or equal to 60 mg/day ranged from 879-3445 ng/ml. The half-life was found to be 5 days, and at three weeks following discontinuation of treatment concentrations greater than 24 ng/ml were detected. The N-desmethyl and 4-hydroxy metabolites achieved steady state levels within 4 weeks and had half-lives of 6 and 5 days respectively. Partial responses were seen in 4 patients, 3 with breast cancer treated at 200 mg/day and 1 with endometrial cancer treated at 400 mg/day.
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PMID:Phase I study of the tolerance and pharmacokinetics of toremifene in patients with cancer. 214 80

A retrospective analysis of the clinico-pathologic aspects of 22 cases of clear cell ovarian carcinoma with a literature survey is the subject of this report. The rarity of these neoplasms below the age of 40 is reaffirmed. Tumor-related hypercalcemia was observed in two patients and postoperative thromboembolic complications were encountered in three others. Electron microscopic examination revealed abundant cytoplasmic glycogen content in two cases. Ten patients in this group and 26% in reported series had coexistent endometriosis. Association with endometrial carcinoma was observed in two patients and was reported in 14% of the cases. No patient of ours with Stage III or IV disease survived 5 years or longer and only 8% have reportedly survived in collective series. There was suggestive evidence of radiation tumor response in two patients with Stage IIC disease who had received 5,000 rads pelvic radiotherapy. Objective partial responses were also observed with adriamycin-, cytoxan-, and cis-platinum-containing combinations. A management plan is outlined.
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PMID:Clear cell ovarian adenocarcinoma. 650 4

Fasting calcium excretion, renal phosphorus threshold, plasma 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, immunoreactive PTH, nephrogenous cyclic AMP excretion, and tumor burden were assessed in nine patients with gynecologic neoplasms and hypercalcemia. Gynecologic neoplasms were responsible for hypercalcemia in seven of 34 (20.5%) consecutive patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. The tumor burden in each patient was large. Three of four endometrial carcinomas contained squamous elements. All patients displayed biochemical evidence of nonparathyroid humorally mediated hypercalcemia (bone resorption). Treatment of hypercalcemia did not appear to diminish production of the humoral calcemic factor but eradication of tumor eliminated biochemical evidence of the humoral syndrome. It can be concluded that (1) gynecologic neoplasms are a frequent cause of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, (2) humoral mechanisms appeared to be responsible for the hypercalcemia in 100% of the patients in this series, (3) squamous features occur with unexpected frequency in hypercalcemic endometrial carcinoma, (4) the presence of hypercalcemia connotes a large tumor burden, and (5) treatment directed at the neoplasm (but not treatment directed at hypercalcemia) may eliminate evidence of ectopic calcemic hormone production.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia associated with gynecologic malignancies: biochemical characterization. 707 51

Hypercalcemia associated with endometrial carcinoma is rare. We report a patient with serous papillary endometrial carcinoma with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of hypercalcemia due to PTHrP in this type of tumor.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia associated with uterine papillary serous carcinoma. 767 5

The diagnosis of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-secreting metastatic uterine endometrioid cancer was made in a 32-year-old Japanese woman with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The primary endometrial cancer had been removed, and the tumor was diagnosed as Grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma with shallow myometrial invasion. Salvage chemotherapy (paclitaxel and calboplatin) was started from 5 months after surgery when recurrent tumors were detected in the peritoneum and liver. Despite the salvage chemotherapy, the tumor progressed and hypercalcemia became evident with elevated PTHrP whereas no bone metastasis was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hypercalcemia due to PTHrP secretion in uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone-related protein-secreting uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma. 1641 86

A 65-year-old Caucasian woman with a known history of clear cell endometrial cancer presented with hypercalcemia. Further evaluation demonstrated that the patient had primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma, as well as an increased parathyroid hormone-related peptide secondary to her malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a female patient with concurrent primary hyperparathyroidism and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. This case illustrates the importance of considering a broad differential when evaluating patients with hypercalcemia. It also emphasizes the importance of recognizing the biochemical interplay between parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide.
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PMID:Concurrent primary hyperparathyroidism and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in a patient with clear cell endometrial cancer. 1900 52

Hypercalcemia secondary to neoplastic disease is a frequent entity caused in the majority of cases by ectopic secretions of PTHrP. Despite this there are certain tumours, such as uterine carcinomas, in which this type of paraneoplastic manifestation has been described very little. We present a case of humoral hypercalcemia in a mixed endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Humoral hypercalcemia in mixed endometrial carcinoma]. 2092 48

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is frequently observed in patients with solid tumors. However, few instances have been described involving patients with gynecological malignancies. We report a case of endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus in a patient who initially presented with hypercalcemia. The elevated calcium levels were found to be the result of an increased serum concentration of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). PTHrP is commonly secreted by malignant cells and suppresses PTH. This case demonstrates that endometrial cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with symptomatic or asymptomatic hypercalcemia.
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PMID:A case of groans, moans and stones with malignant undertones: Endometrioid carcinoma-associated hypercalcemia. 2274 Sep 7


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