Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined GAT, a newly developed tumor marker, in serum samples collected from 1,503 females in six institutions: 387 healthy females, 1,052 patients with gynecological diseases including 311 ovarian cancers, and 64 with nongynecological diseases. Based on the mean value + 2 SD for the healthy females, the cut-off value was set at 16 U/ml. The positive rate of GAT was 2.6% for the healthy females, 7.1% for patients with benign ovarian tumor, 5.6% for those with endometriosis, 47.9% for those with ovarian cancers, 9.3% for those with cervical cancer, and 13.3% for those with endometrial cancer. The false-positive rate of GAT for endometriosis was very low compared with that of the other markers such as CA 125, CA 602, CA 54/61, CA 72-4, STN, SLX examined in this study. The positive predictive value between ovarian cancer and endometriosis was the highest with GAT among the evaluated markers. In the cases in which the CA 125 (CA 602) value is relatively low, discrimination between ovarian cancer and endometriosis is difficult, because these cases include many patients with endometriosis. GAT showed the highest positive predictive value in such cases, so GAT proved to play a complementary role with CA 125 (CA 602). Combination assay with GAT and CA 54/61/CA 72-4/STN or SLX showed higher diagnostic efficiency between ovarian cancer and endometriosis. These results suggest the usefulness of GAT for discrimination between ovarian cancer and endometriosis.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of galactosyltransferase associated with tumor (GAT), a new tumor marker for ovarian cancer--with special reference to the discrimination between ovarian cancer and endometriosis]. 812 92

Galactosyltransferase Associated with Tumor (GAT) was clinically studied in cases of ovarian cancer. When two cut-off levels of GAT were compared, the cut-off level of 16 U/ml (which corresponds to mean + 2SD among healthy females) was found to be more suitable than the cut-off level of 14 U/ml (the level maximizing the diagnostic efficiency between malignant and benign ovarian tumors). When the GAT positive rate was examined for gynecologic tumors, the rate was 5.7% for benign ovarian cyst, 6.6% for endometriosis, 20.5% for cervical cancer, 19.5% for endometrial cancer, and 52.9% for ovarian cancer. The GAT positive rate for different histologic types of ovarian carcinoma was relatively high for each type, e.g., 55.0% for clear cell adenocarcinoma and 66.7% for endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The GAT positive rate increased gradually with the stage of ovarian cancer. In patients with benign diseases, in particular endometriosis, the GAT positive rate was lower than the positive rate with any other simultaneously determined marker (CA602, CA125, CA54/61, CA72-4, STN, and SLX). The GAT level most weakly correlated with the level of any of the other markers assessed. An assay combining GAT with CA602 or CA54/61 resulted in a higher positive rate and a higher diagnostic efficiency, when compared with the assay for GAT alone. The lower positive rate of GAT in endometriosis, when compared with the positive rate of other markers, suggests the usefulness of GAT in distinguishing malignant ovarian tumors from benign ovarian tumors. The use of GAT in a combination assay is expected to overcome the disadvantages of CA602 or CA125.
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PMID:[Preclinical and clinical studies on a tumor marker, galactosyltransferase associated with tumor (GAT), in ovarian cancer (second report)--clinical significance of GAT and comparison with other tumor markers]. 843 67

Since their introduction nearly 30 years ago, oral contraceptives have been widely researched regarding their contraceptive and noncontraceptive effects. With proper usage, oral contraceptives provide highly effective contraception. In addition, oral contraceptives confer significant noncontraceptive health benefits, including prevention of ovarian and endometrial cancer and reduction in the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, benign breast disease, and dysmenorrhea, among others. Today's low-dose oral contraceptives have an improved safety profile when contrasted with their early higher dose counterparts. Yet oral contraceptive use continues to be associated with a variety of minor side effects, which range from menstrual changes such as breakthrough bleeding, spotting, or amenorrhea, to androgenic effects, including weight gain and acne. These androgenic effects are important factors in patient discontinuation of oral contraceptives. Progestins with increased selectivity have the potential to cause fewer androgenic side effects while retaining appropriate progestin suppression of the endometrium and hypophyseal-pituitary-ovarian axis. A combination oral contraceptive (30 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol with 150 micrograms of desogestrel) has been evaluated extensively by European investigators. This literature suggests that a low-dose oral contraceptive formulated with the selective progestin desogestrel offers a favorable profile of reduced androgenic side effects while retaining the cycle control associated with low-dose oral contraceptives currently marketed in the United States.
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PMID:Combined oral contraception with desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol: tolerability profile. 844 56

From 1985 to 1991, 9 patients with endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary were treated and followed at the University of Ancona, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Four patients (44.4%) had Stage I disease, 1 (11.1%) Stage II, 1 (11.1%) Stage III and 3 (33.3%) Stage IV. Six patients (66.6%) had grade 2 of the disease and 3 (33.3%) grade 3. Two of the patients (22.2%) had synchronous endometrial carcinoma while 3 had histologic evidence of endometriosis at the time of presentation. All the patients received treatment of combination of surgery, polychemotherapy, hormone and/or immunotherapy. The overall survival rate after a median follow up of 26.6 months was 66.6%. A high survival (100%) was observed for patients with associated endometriosis.
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PMID:Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary. Retrospective study. 847 33

We investigated the ability of interleukin 6 (IL-6) to modulate human endometrial stromal cell growth in vitro. Stromal cell proliferation in response to treatment with varying concentrations of IL-6 was determined. Endometrial tissue was obtained from 10 normally cycling women during the secretory phase of their menstrual cycle. Treatment with IL-6 resulted in a dose- and cell-density-dependent inhibition of endometrial stromal cell proliferation in vitro. The maximal inhibition was observed with 200 pg/ml of IL-6 and at a concentration of 10(5) cells/well. During in-vitro culture, stromal cells produced low amounts of IL-6 and demonstrated the presence of IL-6 receptor. These data demonstrate that IL-6 acts as a growth-regulatory signal for human endometrial stromal cells. We postulate that IL-6 may contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in normal endometrium and that perturbation of IL-6 mediated responses may play a role in disorders of the endometrium such as endometrial cancer and endometriosis.
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PMID:Inhibition of human endometrial stromal cell proliferation by interleukin 6. 853 Jun 73

The conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens occurs in a number of tissues, such as the ovary and placenta, and is catalyzed by aromatase P450 (P450arom; the product of the CYP19 gene). P450arom expression has also been detected in a number of uterine tumors, such as leiomyomas and endometrial cancer. On the other hand, P450arom expression was undetectable in normal endometrial and myometrial tissues. The present study was conducted to determine the presence or absence of aromatase expression in peritoneal endometriotic implants and in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Endometriotic implants in pelvic peritoneum (n = 17; e.g. posterior culdesac, bladder, and anterior culdesac) and eutopic endometrial curettings (n = 11) of 14 patients with histologically documented pelvic endometriosis were obtained at the time of laparoscopy or laparotomy. Pelvic peritoneal biopsies distal to endometriotic implants as well as normal endometrial tissues (n = 7) from disease-free women were used as negative controls. We used competitive RT-PCR technology employing an internal standard to amplify P450arom transcripts in total ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolated from these tissues. P450arom transcripts were detected in all endometriotic implants and in all eutopic endometrial tissues from patients with endometriosis. P450arom messenger RNA species were not detectable in endometrial tissues from disease-free women or in endometriosis-free peritoneal tissues. The highest levels of transcripts were detected in an endometriotic implant that involved the full thickness of the anterior abdominal wall. The P450arom transcript level within the core of this endometriotic mass was 4-fold higher than that in the surrounding adipose tissue. It has been shown recently that aromatase expression in various human tissues is regulated by the use of tissue-specific promoters via alternative splicing. To analyze promoter usage, we amplified by RT-PCR the most likely promoter-specific untranslated 5'-termini of P450arom transcripts in 2 endometriotic implants. It appears that these endometriotic implants use both the adipose-type promoter I.4 and gonadal-type promoter II for aromatase expression. The use of promoter I.4 for aromatase expression in adipose tissue has been recently observed to be regulated by members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family. Based on these findings, we examined by RT-PCR, IL-6 and IL-11 messenger RNA expression in 5 endometriotic tissues and 1 eutopic endometrial sample from a patient with endometriosis. We detected IL-6 and IL-11 transcripts in all endometriotic tissues and in the eutopic endometrial tissue sample studied. Our findings indicate that both eutopic endometrial tissues and endometriotic implants from patients with endometriosis are biochemically different from normal endometrial tissues of disease-free women. The presence of aromatase expression in eutopic endometrial tissues from patients with endometriosis may be related to the capability of implantation of these tissues on peritoneal surfaces. Furthermore, the possibility of estrogen production in these implants may serve to promote their growth. Increased IL-6 and IL-11 expression in these tissues suggests that P450arom expression in endometriosis may be regulated in part by these cytokines.
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PMID:Aromatase expression in endometriosis. 855 Jul 48

There is an increasing public and scientific concern that certain chlorinated compounds, recognized as environmental pollutants, may cause estrogen-related neoplastic disease in humans. The main hypothesis has been that certain organochlorines, through their estrogenic actions, might cause breast cancer. From experimental studies, both in vitro and in vivo, there is evidence that certain organochlorine compounds may cause estrogenic effects, whereas others may cause antiestrogenic effects. In limited studies, some of these compounds in high doses have also been shown to increase and reduce the frequency of estrogen-related tumors in animals. The epidemiological findings regarding the association between organochlorines and breast cancer are inconclusive. However, the largest and best designed study has been interpreted as negative with respect to DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in relation to breast cancer. Associations between organochlorine exposure and endometrial cancer or endometriosis have even more limited empirical basis. The hypothesis that human exposure to environmental levels or organochlorines would favor an estrogenic overactivity leading to an increase in estrogen-dependent formation of mammary or endometrial tumors is not supported by the existing in vitro, animal and epidemiological evidence. It can, however, not be conclusively rejected on the basis of available data.
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PMID:Organochlorine compounds in relation to breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and endometriosis: an assessment of the biological and epidemiological evidence. 861 Nov 87

Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease, and is the leading cause of avoidable disease in most industrialized countries. Less well-known are possible beneficial effects, which are briefly considered in this survey. Preliminary data suggest that there may be inverse associations of smoking with uterine fibroids and endometriosis, and protective effects on hypertensive disorders and vomiting of pregnancy are likely. Smoking has consistently been found to be inversely related to the risk of endometrial cancer, but cancers of the breast and colon seem unrelated to smoking. Inverse associations with venous thrombosis and fatality after myocardial infarction are probably not causal, but indications of benefits with regard to recurrent aphthous ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and control of body weight may well reflect a genuine benefit. Evidence is growing that cigarette smoking and nicotine may prevent or ameliorate Parkinson's disease, and could do so in Alzheimer's dementia. A variety of mechanisms for potentially beneficial effects of smoking have been proposed, but three predominate: the 'anti-estrogenic effect' of smoking; alterations in prostaglandin production; and stimulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system. Even established inverse associations cannot be used as a rationale for cigarette smoking. These data can be used, however, to clarify mechanisms of disease, and point to productive treatment or preventive options with more narrowly-acting interventions.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of nicotine and cigarette smoking: the real, the possible and the spurious. 874 97

The authors have presented one hundred cases of internal endometriosis of the uterus--adenomyosis recognized by means of the histopathological examination. The coexistence of pathological changes in the reproductive organs of the patients with internal endometriosis has been evaluated. In the tested material in 58% of cases adenomyosis coexisted with the uterine myomas and in 31% of cases with the polycystic ovaries. In the 19 cases the internal endometriosis was concomitant with the malignant pathological changes, which in 8 cases were diagnosed as the endometrial carcinoma. In the histopathological evaluation of the endometrium of the women with internal endometriosis the most frequently found changes were the proliferative ones (29%). In 20 cases the endometrial hyperplasia was recognized, in 3 of them there occurred the adenomatosis type.
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PMID:[Internal endometriosis from personal material]. 883 37

From October 1992 to February 1996, 1506 gynecologic surgeries were performed in our hospital. Of these, 270 (17.9%) were done by laparoscopy: 204 (75.5%) operative and 66 (24.5%) diagnostic. The procedures were 59 (28.9%) hysterectomies, 15 (25.4%) of them radical hysterectomies, 6 laparoscopic-assisted stagings for endometrial cancer, and 38 laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomies. Fifty-eight (28.4%) surgeries were performed for adnexal masses and 16 (7.8%) for ectopic pregnancies. We also did 7 (3.4%) Burch procedures, 5 (2.4%) ligamentopexies, and 65 other surgeries including coagulation of endometriosis, adhesiolysis, uterosacral nerve ablations, and tubal ligations. The six complications (2.22%) were two patients with fever, one infection in the vaginal cuff, one vaginal hematoma, one ureteral injury during radical hysterectomy, and one bladder injury during a Burch procedure. We believe operative laparoscopy should be part of the training of every gynecologist.
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PMID:Laparoscopic Surgery in the University Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico 907 21


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