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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum levels of CA 15-3 were measured in 778 samples from 270 patients with benign and malignant gynecological conditions. Malignant tumors were present in 180 patients including 58 cases with cancer of the ovary, 47 of the endometrium, 61 of the cervix, and 14 of the vulva. The 90 cases with benign conditions included 24 patients with ovarian tumors, 28 with fibromyomatosis, 18 with endometriosis, and 20 with endometrial hyperplasia. Of 180 cancer patients, CA 15-3 serum levels were elevated (greater than 30 U/ml) in 74 cases (41%) and the frequency of abnormal marker values increased with clinical stage. Of 90 patients with benign conditions, high CA 15-3 levels were found in 5 cases (6%) with benign ovarian tumors. Elevated levels of the marker were most commonly seen in ovarian cancer patients (71%). In endometrial, cervical, and vulvar cancer abnormal CA 15-3 values occurred in 32, 26, and 14%, respectively. In endometrial cancer the percentage of positive marker levels increased with more infiltrating and/or less differentiated tumors. A positive correlation was found between residual tumor after surgery and CA 15-3 levels. Serial measurements in sera of patients who underwent chemotherapy showed a good correlation with response to treatment. CA 15-3 values were correlated with clinical course of disease in 87% of cases.
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PMID:CA 15-3 as a tumor marker in gynecological malignancies. 316 66

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common genital malignancy in North America. However its pathogenesis, in particular its relationship with hyperplasia is not clear. To understand steroid hormonal interactions in the genesis and growth of human endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, we have assayed progesterone receptors in hyperplasia and neoplastic human endometrium by immunocytochemistry. The presence of progesterone receptors in target tissues is known to be a marker of both estrogen and progesterone action. The receptors were identified in fresh-frozen sections using a mouse monoclonal antiprogesterone receptor antibody (alpha PR6). The progesterone receptor content was high in the epithelium of hyperplasia without cytological atypia and low in the epithelium of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (hyperplasia with cytological atypia). In carcinomas there was a heterogenous distribution of progesterone receptors in the epithelium but low as compared to hyperplastic endometria without cytological atypia. The stroma contained relatively high progesterone receptor levels irrespective of whether the epithelium was hyperplastic or neoplastic.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical study of progesterone receptors in hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. 316 59

The value of the Endo-Pap endometrial cell sampling device in the cytological assessment of the endometrium was compared with fractional curettage. 318 symptomatic women were studied consecutively, among whom were 42 with malignant tumors of the uterus. Satisfactory material for cytological diagnosis of the endometrial state was obtained in 96%, whereas only 91% of the histopathological material was suitable for interpretation. 35 of 36 women with primary cancers of the corpus uteri had atypical endometrial cytology (sensitivity 0.97). Of 42 uterine cancers, including one metastatic ovarian carcinoma, two adenocarcinomas and three squamous carcinomas of the cervix, 40 were detected by endometrial cytology (sensitivity 0.95). All 5 cases of high grade cytological atypia in endometrial polyps or endometrial hyperplasia could be diagnosed by abnormal endometrial cytology and 4 of 5 patients with adenomatous endometrial hyperplasia were diagnosed correctly. Endometrial cytology obtained with the Endo-Pap sampler is a simple and cheap diagnostic method with which to detect endometrial cancer. It is also effective for diagnosis of preinvasive endometrial lesions with highgrade cytological atypia. Clinicians should recognize that out-patient investigation of the endometrial state by endometrial cell sampling with the Endo-Pap is reliable and can usually replace fractional curettage.
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PMID:Cytological diagnosis of endometrial cancer and preinvasive endometrial lesions. A comparison of the Endo-Pap sampler with fractional curettage. 317 56

Development and (or) growth of myoma uteri in pre- and post-menopause is accompanied by hyperestrogenia which is shown by histological investigation of the endometrium and the ovaries. A comparative clinical and morphological study of 853 patients with myoma uteri, 996 patients with glandular, atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma was carried out. Benign tumors of the ovaries were revealed in 9.5% of patients with myoma, 12.7% of patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 19.8% of patients with endometrial cancer. A significant increase of the occurrence of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal patients with myoma, in comparison with patients in the reproductive period was determined, 13.4% and 1.1% respectively, P = 0.01. In postmenopause "growth" of the tumor was more often and significantly simulated by malignant disease of the uterus and adnexa. In postmenopausal patients with myoma and uterine bleeding, endometrial carcinoma was 5.5 times more often revealed in comparison with the analogous group of patients in the reproductive period. The "relative risk" of the development of endometrial cancer, sarcoma uteri and ovarian tumors was calculated. The "relative risk" was shown to increase in the postmenopausal period. In the processes of observation of patients with myoma in postmenopause, cytological investigation of endometrial aspirates, ultrasound and mammographic screening should be carried out.
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PMID:Myoma uterus as a marker of oncogynecological pathology in pre- and post-menopause. 322 7

A new operating hysteroscopic fiberscope consisting of soft and rigid parts (4.8mm outer diameter) was developed with the support of Fuji Photo Optical Company. The working part of the scope can be divided into three sections: A flexible soft front section, a rotary rigid middle section and a flexible self retained semirigid rear section. With these functional parts the intrauterine target can be approached directly to perform the following operations. 1. Directed intrauterine biopsy. Thirty-five patients diagnosed as having endometrial polyp (13), submucous myoma (8), endometrial hyperplasia (4), endocervical polyp (3), endometrial carcinoma (2) and others (5) underwent direct biopsy with hysteroscopic control. No cervical dilatation or anesthesia was necessary. 2. Transcervical recanalization. In six cases of proximal tubal occlusion, a ureteral catheter or a percutaneous coronary balloon angiocatheter was introduced into the tubal ostium of the obstructed side to resolve the occlusion successfully with concomitant laparoscopy. 3. Hysteroscopic chorionic villus sampling. Chorionic villus sampling was performed with a ureteral catheter under direct hysteroscopic control and ultrasound guidance in eighteen pregnant women at from seven to fourteen gestational weeks. In fifteen cases, the samplings were performed satisfactory. 4. Removal of a lost IUD. Three cases of lost IUD underwent hysteroscopic removal without difficulty. Our results have proved that this scope is a very useful tool for intrauterine operations.
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PMID:[The development of a new operating hysteroscopic fiberscope and its clinical application]. 323 86

Estrogen replacement therapy is effective for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and should be offered to all women at high risk for osteoporosis. Such therapy is particularly beneficial for prevention of spinal compression fractures; in addition, it alleviates menopausal symptoms (hot flushes, genitourinary symptoms, and changes in mood). In each patient, these benefits must be weighted against the potential risks of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, breast tenderness, hypertension, vascular headaches, and the inconvenience of menstrual bleeding if the uterus is intact. The risk of endometrial cancer associated with estrogen replacement therapy can be considerably reduced by the addition of a progestin, and other side effects can be diminished or eliminated by use of the new transdermal estrogen preparations. Thus, estrogen replacement therapy should be considered in all women who have experienced natural or surgically induced menopause, and it is advisable in women who have osteoporosis or an increased risk for this disorder and no contra-indications to its use. Estrogen replacement therapy should be instituted as soon after menopause as possible and seems to be well tolerated until at least 75 years of age.
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PMID:Estrogen replacement therapy: current recommendations. 328 71

The menopausal years are characterized by a deficiency of progesterone and relative hyperestrogenism. This hormonal imbalance creates an environment favorable for the development of endometrial hyperplasia. The pathologic progression of hyperplasia to endometrial carcinoma can be arrested with progestogen therapy. A simple diagnostic approach for peri- and postmenopausal bleeding disorders is presented, along with a rational treatment regimen. Some of the risks and benefits of hormonal replacement therapy are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of perimenopausal and postmenopausal bleeding. 330 18

A retrospective study was conducted to assess and confirm the significance of normal-appearing endometrial cells detected in cervical cytologic smears in the second half of the menstrual cycle or in the postmenopausal period. Of 440 women with normal endometrial cells identified on routine Papanicolaou smears, 179 underwent further endometrial evaluation. Endometrial disease was identified in 64 (35.7%) of those patients having endometrial sampling and/or hysterectomy within 12 months of the cytologic evaluations. These lesions included 21 cases (11.7%) of endometrial polyps, 23 cases (12.9%) of endometrial hyperplasia, and 20 cases (11.2%) of adenocarcinoma. The frequency of endometrial cancer was positively associated with age (P less than .01). Five of 20 women with endometrial cancer were asymptomatic.
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PMID:Significance of normal endometrial cells detected by cervical cytology. 333 59

The Curity-Isaacs Endometrial Cell (CIEC) sampler was used for endometrial tissue and cell sampling in 230 patients before dilatation and curettage to determine the efficacy of its use as an outpatient endometrial sampler. Its use was found to be safe and without complication. It could be easily inserted into the uterine cavity in 92.0% of patients and did not cause undue discomfort in 88.9% of them. Using histopathological diagnostic techniques, there was 100% accuracy in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. However, it was found that diagnostic accuracy of endometrial hyperplasia was only 33.3%. It is suggested that the CIEC sampler could be used as a first-line diagnostic procedure to exclude endometrial carcinoma in patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding.
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PMID:Diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma by histopathological examination of the endometrial aspirate by the Curity-Isaacs sampler. 343 62

Human endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma were observed by light microscope. Endometrial carcinoma was histologically divided into Grade I (53 cases), Grade II (10 cases), and Grade III (7 cases). According to the results of electron microscopical analysis, cancer cells in GIII were smaller and showed a higher N/C rate and less mitochondria in the cytoplasma than those of GI and GII. Rough endoplasmic reticula were well developed in GI and GII compared with GIII. Immunohistochemically, ER localized in 54% cases of endometrial carcinoma, and decreased in positive rates of undifferentiated carcinoma. The metaplastic area in carcinoma showed the localization of ER and CEA. A close correlation between ER and CEA was demonstrated in endometrial carcinoma. Ultrastructurally, rough endoplasmic reticula were well developed in the cytoplasma of cancer cells in the strong positive cases of ER and CEA. It has been proved that histological detection of ER and CEA in endometrial carcinoma is very important in deciding the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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PMID:[Electron microscopical and immunohistochemical study of human endometrial carcinoma with special reference to localization of estrogen receptors and carcinoembryonic antigen]. 353 17


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