Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0476089 (endometrial cancer)
 11,379 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of endometrial adenocarcinoma simulating microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) of the cervix is presented. A postmenopausal 53-year-old woman, with no previous history of taking exogenous hormones, presented with vaginal bleeding. An endometrial biopsy exhibited a tumor composed predominantly of a microglandular proliferation of tightly packed glands with mild to moderate atypia and mitotic figures. The majority of the tumor cells contained intracytoplasmic mucin. There were numerous neutrophils within the microglandular lumens and in the stroma. The tumor was focally positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and vimentin. The MGH-like proliferation, focally, had a transition to a conventional mucinous adenocarcinoma. Hysterectomy specimens showed a residual mucinous endometrial adenocarcinoma with no myometrial invasion, the uterine cervix was unremarkable. Four years following her hysterectomy the patient was well, with no evidence of disease. Pathologists need to be cautious about MGH-like changes in the endometrial biopsy of postmenopausal women and be aware of this type of endometrial cancer as it may be misdiagnosed.
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PMID:Mucinous endometrial adenocarcinoma simulating microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix. 1088 36

A verrucous carcinoma is a subtype of well-differentiated squamous-cell carcinomas, arising in the vagina, vulva, and uterine cervix. But a verrucous carcinoma very rarely arises in the uterine endometrium. The present paper presents a case of a verrucous carcinoma of the endometrium that is described in association with the tumor marker SCC; this paper also includes a review of the relevant literature.
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PMID:A case report: verrucous carcinoma of the endometrium--the difficulty of diagnosis, and a review of the literature. 1093 80

The aim of this study was to define the clinical implications of semi-quantitative telomerase activity in gynecological tumors by comparing the telomerase activity of cancerous lesion and the adjacent non-cancerous lesion. In 118 cases of gynecologic tumors, including 41 uterine cervical tumors, 43 uterine body tumors and 34 ovarian tumors, telomerase activities were determined using TRAPeze telomerase detection kit for the extension reaction of the telomere sequence and the PCR reaction for amplification of the sequence, and using fluorecence-based telomere repeat amplification protocol (F-TRAP) method for the detection. In all gynecologic cancers examined, telomerase activity of the cancerous lesion was significantly higher than that of the non-cancerous lesion. Telomerase activity in the uterine cervix increased in the following order of the normal uterine cervix, cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. Regarding the endometrial cancer, telomerase activity at the primary lesion in patients with lymph node metastases was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph node metastases. When telomerase activity was compared by histologic subtypes of the ovarian cancer, clear cell adenocarcinoma showed significantly lower telomerase activity than the other subtypes, especially endometrioid adenocarcinoma. In all gynecologic cancers examined, there was no clear correlation between the telomerase activity and age at diagnosis or age of menopause. Although all tumors with 100 units or more telomerase activity were cancerous, the sensitivity was 39% in cervical cancer, 41% in endometrial cancer and 21% in ovarian cancer, respectively. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) had already increased telomerase activity and endometrial cancer with lymph node metastases had also greater activity than that without lymph node metastases. Although telomerase activity in ovarian cancer tended to increase as stage advances, it is noteworthy that clear cell adenocarcinoma showed significantly lower telomerase activity than endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Telomerase activity in gynecological tumors. 1094 30

In the present study, we screened for the K-ras exon 2 point mutations in a group of 87 gynecological neoplasms (82 endometrial carcinomas, four carcinomas of the uterine cervix and one uterine carcinosarcoma) using the non-isotopic PCR-SSCP-direct sequencing techniques. Direct sequencing analysis revealed CAA-->CAC (Gln-->His) K-ras codon 61 point mutations in two (2.4%) of the 82 endometrial carcinomas mentioned above. These two cases were endometrial endometrioid carcinomas at an early clinical stage of disease (stage IB and IC due to FIGO). Those endometrial carcinomas that showed K-ras exon 2 point mutations revealed a strong positivity for heterogeneous nuclear retinoblastoma protein staining; none of these, however, have had the K-ras codon 12 point mutation. In addition, there were no K-ras gene point mutations in three endometrial carcinomas lacking the Rb protein immunohistochemically. None of the cervical carcinomas tested had K-ras gene point mutations, whereas one carcinosarcoma harbored K-ras codon 61 point mutation (CAA-->CAC). In conclusion, our data support the view that K-ras exon 2 point mutations are rare events in human endometrial cancer. Rb and K-ras gene abnormalities may occur independently of each other during endometrial carcinogenesis in humans.
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PMID:K-ras exon 2 point mutations in human endometrial cancer. 1117 36

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of deep myometrial invasion and cervical extension by endometrial carcinoma. We also aimed to compare MRI results to surgical staging of endometrial carcinoma. Forty women with a histologic diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma underwent a preoperative pelvic MRI. In 33 cases intraoperative gross visual inspection (GVI) of the surgical specimen was also evaluated. The results obtained were compared with the histologic diagnosis. Pathologic evaluation of the myometrium determined that superficial invasion was present in 25 patients and deep invasion in 15. The uterine cervix was found to be involved in 12 cases. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI and GVI were 93%/91%, 80%/77%, and 100%/100%, respectively, in detecting deep myometrial invasion and 80%/79%, 33%/36% and 100%/100%, respectively, in determining cervical invasion. When the Kappa statistical measurement was applied, the results from each technique, MRI and GVI, showed an agreement on the evaluation of myometrial and cervical invasion by endometrial carcinoma. In conclusion, MRI, in this series, was demonstrated to be a reliable method for preoperative endometrial carcinoma "imagiological staging". The high accuracy achieved by MRI and GVI suggests that they may be used interchangeably.
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PMID:Preoperative assessment of deep myometrial and cervical invasion in endometrial carcinoma: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and gross visual inspection. 1132 11

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) belongs to a superfamily of structurally related polypeptides involved in various biological processes, including cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. We tried to define the different expression patterns of the TGF-beta receptors by investigating the female reproductive organs during the menstrual cycle and endometrial tumorigenesis, because their role in these processes is still unclear. In this study, we examined the expression of the TGF-beta type I and type II receptors in normal (n=13) and carcinomatous (n=42) endometrial tissue specimens using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunological (Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) methods. Two uncommon female genital tract tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix and uterine carcinosarcoma, were also included. There were no significant differences between normal and cancerous endometrial tissues regarding the TGF-beta receptors mRNA levels. However, we observed a markedly low TGF-beta type I receptor protein level (P<0.028; Mann-Whitney-U test), while the malignant endometrium showed a significantly higher TGF-beta type II receptor protein level (P<0.007; Mann-Whitney-U test) than the normal endometrium. Moreover, significantly elevated TGF-beta receptor type II protein level was noted when depth of myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinomas was considered (P<0.05; Mann-Whitney-U test). In contrast to uterine carcinosarcoma, in which no detectable mRNA for TGF-beta type II receptor was found, we noted expression of both TGF-beta receptors in rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. However, neither rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix nor uterine carcinosarcoma displayed TGFbetaRI and TGFbetaRII protein expression. This observation corroborates the complexity of the deregulation of TGF-beta receptor expression in human endometrial cancer.
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PMID:Expression of TGF-beta type I and II receptors in normal and cancerous human endometrium. 1221 93

Injectable hormonal contraception with 2 longacting steroidal preparations--norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)--provides an effective means of fertility regulation and has become an important method of family planning. DMPA and NET-EN have several advantages which make them particularly appropriate for some women and acceptable in family planning programs. A single injection can provide highly effective contraception for 2 or more months, delivery is simple, independent of coitus, and ensures periodic contact with medical or other trained health personnel. Currently, DMPA is registered as a therapeutic agent in nearly all countries and as a contraceptive agent in over 80 developed and developing countries. NET-EN is registered as a contraceptive in 40 countries. Administered by intramuscular injection in an aqueous microcrystalline suspension, DMPA exerts its contraceptive effect primarily by suppression of ovulation, but its effects on the endometrium, the uterine tubes, and the production of cervical mucus may also play a role in reducing fertility. DMPA as a contraceptive agent is generally given at a dosage of 150 mg every 90 days. NET-EN when administered as an intramuscular injection of an oil preparation at a dose of 200 mg inhibits ovulation. It should be administered at 8 weekly intervals for the 1st 6 months of use, then at intervals of 8 or 12 weeks. Longterm animal studies with DMPA have been completed mainly on beagle bitches and rhesus monkeys, and similar studies with NET-EN are nearing completion. None of the findings in beagles is considered applicable to human populations because the beagle responds differently than humans to steroidal hormones. None of the deaths among rhesus monkeys was attributable to effects of the drug. Endometrial carcinoma was found in 2 of the replacement monkeys but the number of animals was too small for statistically significant studies, and it is not possible to conclude whether DMPA or NET-EN caused these cancers or instead failed to prevent them. Despite more than 18 years of use and an estimated 13 million women who have ever used DMPA or NET-EN, no case has been recorded of an endometrial malignancy in women so exposed. There is no evidence at this stage of a causal association, either anecdotal or scientific. No evidence of an increased risk of malignant and premalignant disease of the uterine cervix has been found in DMPA users. There is sufficient evidence from investigations in several countries that DMPA and NET-EN may increase both milk production and the duration of lactation. The only clinical metabolic effect attributed to DMPA is weight gain. NET-EN and DMPA are associated with disruption of the menstrual cycle and irregular bleeding.
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PMID:Statement on injectable contraception. 1233 11

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in United States or Europe, but in Korea, its incidence is comparatively low than that of cervical cancer of uterine cervix. Recently the prolonged life expectancy, postmenopausal use of hormone replacement therapy, and the availability of easily applied diagnostic techniques have led to increasing incidence of endometrial cancer. Although during the past several decades, the histopathology, spread patterns, and prognostic factors of endometrial cancers have been better defined, the clinicopathologic and biologic prognostic parameters should be further evaluated for the better treatment results in endometrial cancer.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic and biological parameters predicting the prognosis in endometrial cancer. 1249 61

Adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix show a wide range of morphological features, and can be confused with endometrial adenocarcinoma in biopsy or curetting specimens. The objective of this study was to use tissue microarray technology to evaluate the immunoprofile of a large set of uterine adenocarcinomas with an extended panel of antibodies, comparing the profile of primary cervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas. A tissue microarray was constructed using paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissues from 141 hysterectomy specimens. Duplicate 0.6-mm cores were obtained from 57 cervical adenocarcinomas (16 in situ and 41 invasive) and 84 endometrial adenocarcinomas. Tissue array sections were immunostained with 21 commercially available antibodies [B72.3, CD 99, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), c-kit, pancytokeratin, CK 5/6, CK 7, CK8/18, CK19, CK 20, CK 22, EMA, estrogen receptor (ER), KP-1, melan-A, p53, PLAP, S-100, synaptophysin, TTF-1, and vimentin] utilizing the avidin-biotin (ABC) technique. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the tumors was done based on the immunostaining results. Only ER ( P<0.001), CEA ( P=0.04), vimentin ( P<0.001), and CK 8/18 ( P=0.002) showed a significantly different frequency of positivity in endometrial relative to cervical adenocarcinomas. ER, vimentin, and CK 8/18 were more likely to be expressed in endometrial adenocarcinomas, while cervical adenocarcinomas more frequently expressed CEA. We were able to identify immunoprofiles that were highly specific for endocervical adenocarcinoma (ER(-), vimentin(-), CK 8/18(-), CEA(+)) or endometrial adenocarcinoma (ER(+), vimentin(+), CK 8/18(+), CEA(-)), but most tumors showed an intermediate, non-specific immunophenotype. Hierarchical clustering analysis was useful in the interpretation of these intermediate immunophenotypes. Papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was less likely to express vimentin ( P=0.002) than endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium.
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PMID:Immunoprofile of cervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas using a tissue microarray. 1264 18

Cyclin E amplification and overexpression have recently been described in several tumour types. However, many tumour entities have never been examined for cyclin E alterations. Numerous and time-consuming experiments were previously required to determine the significance of potential oncogenes across different tumour types. To overcome this problem, tissue microarrays (TMAs) consisting of 3670 primary tumours from 128 different tumour types, 709 metastases, and 354 normal tissues were generated. Cyclin E alterations were then analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cyclin E gene amplification was observed in 15 different tumour types and subtypes, ie rhabdomyosarcoma, urinary bladder cancer (three subtypes), ovarian cancer (two subtypes), malignant fibrous histiocytoma, adenocarcinoma of the small intestine, medullary breast cancer, gall bladder adenocarcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, colonic adenocarcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. Cyclin E protein accumulation was found in 48 different tumour types. The use of TMA technology has enabled us to expand considerably our knowledge of cyclin E alterations in human tumours. The occurrence of amplification and overexpression in many different tumour types suggests that cyclin E plays an important role in tumour biology.
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PMID:Cyclin E overexpression and amplification in human tumours. 1284 34


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