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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five hundred and seventeen patients who had a jejunoileal bypass performed at the University of Minnesota Hospitals were studied with regard to the formation of urinary calculi postoperatively. A 9 per cent incidence of stones was found in the 365 patients for whom complete data were available. Men were affected more commonly than women. Of particular note was the correlation between long term oral supplementation of calcium postoperatively and a delay in the onset of symptomatic urolithiasis. A group of 91 recent patients who have been maintained on orally administered calcium are stone-free as long as 12 months after operation, again suggesting that supplementation of calcium may help prevent urolithiasis in patients who have had a bypass procedure.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in patients with a jejunoileal bypass. 68 75

The effects of standard mineral, free, and low calcium -- low oxalate diets on the urinary excretion of phosphate and magnesium were studied in 153 consecutive patients with single or recurrent renal or ureteric stones. The patients were divided in to four groups: 78 men with single stones (MS), 40 men with recurrent stones (MR), 30 women with single stones (WS) and five women with recurrent stones (WR). Men excreted significantly more phosphate and magnesium in the urine than women. The excretion of urinary phosphate and magnesium varied most for MS and least for WS. The high excretion of urinary phosphate on free diet together with infected urine probably accounted for the formation of stone in women with recurrent stones. The role of the dietary prevention of calcium urolithiasis was discussed.
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PMID:Excretion of urinary phosphate and magnesium on three diets in patients with urolithiasis. 724 20

Many vasectomy experts challenge a link between vasectomy and an increased risk of urolithiasis (urinary) stones. According to Richard A. Kronmal, a professor of biostatistics at the University of Seattle, the relationship between vasectomy and renal disease was examined as part of an analysis of vasectomy and coronary artery disease. The researchers, who used data collected for the US Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS), found a higher frequency of urologic disorders reported among vasectomized men. A follow-up questionnaire to obtain information on the type and date of onset of the disorders was issued. Overall, vasectomized men in the CASS study had a relative risk of urolithiasis of 16.7; that risk was at its highest for men between 30-34 years. Men ages 35-39 also were at more than double the normal risk of urolithiasis. Several vasectomy experts were asked by the Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception (AVSC) to review the work. The reviewers responded that a causal relationship between vasectomy and urolithiasis was unlikely. Dr. William M. Moss, an expert on vasectomy, told "Contraceptive Technology Update" that he has observed no evidence in his practice of vasectomy patients later developing urinary problems at a greater-than-average rate.
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PMID:Little evidence supports research linking vasectomy to urolithiasis. 1228 79

Men are known to be at greater risk of urolithiasis and cardiovascular and renal diseases than women. Previous studies suggest that greater urine concentration is associated with acceleration of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), increased urinary albumin excretion, and delayed renal sodium excretion. The present review addresses possible sex-related differences in urine volume and osmolality (U(osm)) that could participate in this male risk predominance. Because of the scarcity of information, we reanalyzed 24-h urine data collected previously by different investigators for other purposes. In nine studies concerning healthy subjects (6 studies) or patients with CKD or diabetes mellitus, U(osm) (or another index of urine concentration based on the urine/plasma creatinine concentration ratio) was 21-39% higher (i.e., about a 150 mosm/kgH2O difference) in men than in women. Urine volume was not statistically different. Thus, the larger osmolar load of men (related to their higher food intake) is excreted in a more concentrated urine with no difference in urine volume. This sex difference was not influenced by the level of sodium excretion and was still present in CKD patients. Sex differences in thirst threshold, AVP level, and other regulatory mediators may all contribute to the higher male U(osm). Because of the previously demonstrated adverse effects of vasopressin and/or high urine concentrating activity, the greater tendency of men to concentrate urine could participate in their greater susceptibility to urolithiasis and hypertension and to the faster progression towards end-stage renal failure.
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PMID:Sex difference in urine concentration across differing ages, sodium intake, and level of kidney disease. 1699 Apr 87

Men and African-Americans are known to be at greater risk of urolithiasis and cardiovascular and renal diseases than women and Caucasians. Previous studies suggest that the antidiuretic effects of vasopressin and/or a greater urine concentration are associated with the rate of progression of these diseases. The present review addresses possible sex and ethnic-related differences in urine volume and osmolality which could participate in this male and black higher predominance. We reanalyzed 24h-urine data collected previously by different investigators for other purposes. In studies concerning healthy subjects (six studies) or patients with chronic kidney disease or Diabetes mellitus (three studies), men excreted a larger osmolar load than women, with a 15 to 30% higher urinary osmolality (or another index of urine concentration based on the urine/plasma creatinine concentration ratio) and a similar 24h urine volume than in women. In two American studies, African-Americans showed a significantly higher urinary concentration than Caucasians and a lower 24h-urine volume. Sex and ethnic differences in thirst threshold, vasopressin level, or other regulatory mediators may contribute to the higher urinary concentration of men and of African Americans. These differences could play a role in the greater susceptibility of these subjects to these pathologies. New prospective studies should take into account the antidiuretic effects of vasopressin as a potential risk factor in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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PMID:[Difference in urine concentration according to gender and ethnicity: possible involvement in the different susceptibility to various renal and cardiovascular diseases]. 1824 33

Stones (calculi) in the urinary tract (urolithiasis) or kidney (nephrolithiasis) occur in 5% of the population. The lifetime risk of passing a stone is 8-10%. Men are twice as likely to develop stones, with the first episode occurring before 30 years of age. Stones are caused by the aggregation of crystalline mineral deposits in the urine. Calcium stones are the most common type of stone. Investigations for stone disease include plain X-ray, X-ray with contrast media, ultrasound imaging, and computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Treatment of stones is dependent on the size and location, e.g. lithotripsy is used to break down stones in the ureter or kidney, whereas litholapaxy is used for stones in the bladder that are too large to be passed urethrally. Alpha-blocker medication (e.g. tamsulosin) can facilitate spontaneous passing of a stone. Nurses have a crucial role in assessment, management and provision of discharge advice for patients. Strategies for preventing stones include increasing the urine output (by giving 2-3 litres of fluid per day) and dietary modification, particularly reduction in animal protein and salt content.
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PMID:Urinary tract stones: types, nursing care and treatment options. 1856 65

This retrospective descriptive study was conducted among patients who presented with variable symptoms of urolithiasis at the Department of Surgery and Urology of Gulf Medical College Hospital and Research Centre (GMCHRC), Ajman, United Arab Emirates (UAE), in order to assess whether the occurrence of urolithiasis differed in relation to season, temperature and humidity. A checklist was used for abstracting the case record and analysis was performed using PASW 17 version. Maximum number of cases was below the age of 40 years, with a male to female ratio of 5.2:1. The present study revealed a higher number of cases during summer compared with the other seasons, but it was not statistically significant. No significant correlation was seen between atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and number of cases with urolithiasis. Our study also revealed that the admission rate for renal colic was higher in the summer season as against the rest of the year, although the difference was not significant. In conclusion, urolithiasis is an important public health issue that predominantly affects people of the productive age groups. Men are affected more commonly than women. No significant seasonal variation in the number of patients with urolithiasis was observed in the study.
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PMID:A retrospective study of the seasonal pattern of urolithiasis. 2316 54