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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 24-hour urinary excretion of citrate was measured in 83 normal persons and in 132 consecutive patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis, uninfected urine, and normal renal function. The urinary excretion of citrate in normal men was not significantly different from that in normal women (P greater than 0.05). There was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase of urinary citrate excretion with increasing age in normal persons. No increase of urinary citrate excretion with age was demonstrated in stone formers. There was no statistically significant difference between active and inactive stone formers in regard to regression of the citrate/calcium ratio or the citrate/uric acid ratio, and there was no difference in these ratios between men and women considered separately or in subgroups by hypercalciuria or hyperuricuria or by individual age. Hypocitraturia was found in 29.2% of patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. No relationship could be demonstrated between the 24-hour urinary excretion of citrate and severity of stone disease before presentation at our clinic or the frequency of stone growth or new stone formation at follow-up. Twenty-two of 35 patients with hypocitraturia had multiple urinary citrate measurements. In 15 of these 22 patients, at least one normal urinary citrate measurement was obtained. Further prospective study is required to establish the value of urinary citrate determinations in patients consuming an uncontrolled diet in an outpatient setting.
J Lab Clin Med 1985 Dec
PMID:Urinary citrate excretion in normal persons and patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. 406 80

A study was conducted to test the independent and combined effects of high dietary calcium and low available phosphorus on the incidence of urolithiasis in pullets and laying hens. One thousand Single Comb White Leghorn pullets were divided into four diet treatment groups beginning at 50 days of age. A normal calcium (1%), normal available phosphorus (.6%) diet (NCNP) was fed to control pullets. Other pullet groups were fed a high calcium (3.25%), normal available phosphorus (.6%) diet (HCNP), a normal calcium (1%), low available phosphorus (.4%) diet (NCLP), or a high calcium (3.25%), low available phosphorus (.4%) diet (HCLP). At 18 weeks of age, 368 pullets were necropsied. One percent of the HCNP group and 14% of the HCLP group developed urolithiasis. Urolithiasis was not found in pullets raised on the NCNP and NCLP diets. The remaining pullets were transferred to laying cages and were fed a commercial layer ration until they were 51 weeks old. None of the hens raised on the NCNP diet, 12% of the hens raised on the HCNP diet, 2% of the hens raised on the NCLP diet, and 14% of the hens raised on the HCLP diet had urolithiasis. Renal function studies were performed on 18-week-old pullets and 51-week-old hens. Pullets raised on the HCLP diet had significantly higher urine pH, significantly lower fractional inorganic phosphate excretion, and significantly higher fractional calcium excretion when compared with pullets raised on the other diet treatments. The profound effect of the HCLP diet on renal calcium and phosphorus excretion in pullets was not retained in the hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Poult Sci 1985 Dec
PMID:Urolithiasis in pullets and laying hens: role of dietary calcium and phosphorus. 409 65

The entire middle-aged male urban population of a Swedish city, as defined by a census in November 1969, was assessed for any mental hospital hospitalization during a 3-year period (1978-1980), as well as for any general hospital hospitalization during a 10-year period (1970-1979) within the catchment area. Inpatients of the mental hospital population belonging to the cohort and put in the categories 'Psychiatric alcoholic spectrum' and 'Severe depression' were studied for diagnoses of physical illness during any general hospital hospitalization. The psychiatric alcoholic spectrum was associated positively with infections, injuries, alcohol intoxication, pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, arthritis/rheumatic diseases and duodenal peptic ulcer; and negatively with malignant neoplasms, myocardial infarction, gallstone disease and urolithiasis. Severe depression was associated positively with infections, myocardial infarction, asthma and alcohol intoxication. A nosologic taxonomy, aimed at explaining the epidemiological associations recorded, is suggested.
J Affect Disord 1982 Dec
PMID:Physical illness in severe depressives and psychiatric alcoholics in Gothenburg, Sweden. 621 51

A newly designed urolithiasis model for rats, inducing a mild urinary tract infection, exhibiting reduced renal damage without pyelonephritis and causing reliable stone formation, was established. This was accomplished by implanting a zinc disc in the bladder and then performing transvesical inoculation of Proteus mirabilis into the bladder. Five days after challenge with 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) of P. mirabilis in each rat, the number of organisms in the bladder urine reached a level of over 10(5) colony forming units per ml. The infection was mostly restricted to the urinary tract organs. Infectious bladder stones were formed 5 days after infection and developed day by day, weighing 88.3 +/- 18.8 mg. on the 21st day. Blood urea nitrogen values stayed in the normal range in all test animals during this experiment. The main composition of the stones formed was shown to be struvite (MgNH4PO4 X 6H2O).
J Urol 1984 Dec
PMID:A newly designed model for infection-induced bladder stone formation in the rat. 638 7

Two hundred and three patients with urographic appearances suspicious of a space-occupying lesion were examined by sonography. Seventy-nine showed normal results; there were 65 cysts, 20 malignant lesions, 20 pseudo-tumours and 19 with other abnormalities such as hydronephrosis, urolithiasis and inflammatory lesions. Pseudotumours are due to varients of the structure of the kidney, which resemble space-occupying lesions in the excretory urogram. The sonogram shows them as low echo, centrally protruding structures arising from the edge of the parenchyma. Angiographically they are islands of parenchyma with normal vessels. Sonography has proved to be a necessary complement to excretion urography and provides a more certain indication for renal arteriography. Angiography can be limited to changes in the parenchyma, since sonography is able to define cystic processes.
Rofo 1980 Dec
PMID:[The value of sonography in the differential diagnosis of pseudotumours of the kidney (author's transl)]. 645 91

The effects of varying dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium on the incidence and severity of intranephronic calculosis were studied. Renal calculi were induced by feeding female rats the AIN-76TM semipurified diet for 4 weeks. During this time period, dietary levels of 350, 450 or 550 mg calcium per 100 g diet did not influence the occurrence of urolithiasis. Increasing dietary magnesium levels from 50 to 350 mg was beneficial in preventing the occurrence of calculi if the diet contained 400 mg or less phosphorus. The protective effects of dietary magnesium were counteracted when dietary phosphorus levels were increased from 400 mg to 550 or 700 mg. If the dietary content of phosphorus and magnesium permitted the formation of renal calculi, the severity of the condition was also influenced by the dietary level of calcium. Some animal groups fed semipurified diets did not have microscopic or radiographic evidence of renal calculi but were found to have significantly elevated renal calcium values. It was suggested that these animals might be in a precalculus-forming state.
J Nutr 1984 Dec
PMID:Effects of dietary calcium, phosphorus and magnesium on intranephronic calculosis in rats. 650 76

Statistical observations of 19,678 outpatients and 2,601 inpatients at our department from 1975 to 1982 revealed the following results. The new cases in the outpatient clinic were in decreasing order nonspecific infections (50.8%), urogenital tumors (11.9%), urolithiasis (9.3%) and urogenital anomalies (8.0%). The inpatients according to the organ were in decreasing order kidney (29.6%), prostate (25.5%), bladder (13.4%) and ureter (11.9%). Operations were performed 2,414 times. Frequent operations were in decreasing order phimosectomy (360 times, 14.9%), TUR-Bt (284 times, 11.8%), transurethral cryosurgery of the prostate (215 times, 8.9%), vasectomy (190 times, 7.9%) and orchiopexy (152 times, 6.3%). More young persons comprised the outpatients of our hospital than at other facilities.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1984 Dec
PMID:[Statistics on outpatients and inpatients at the urological department of Kosei Hospital 1975-1982]. 653 14

The "stone clinic effect" refers to the effect of encouraging a high intake of fluid and avoiding dietary excesses on stone formation and growth in patients with urolithiasis. To determine the extent of this effect we reviewed the clinical courses of 108 patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis and indeterminant metabolic activity. There was no evidence of stone growth or new stone formation (metabolic inactivity) after a mean followup of 62.6 months in 63 of the 108 patients (58.3 per cent), including 12 of 17 (70.6 per cent) with hypercalciuria and 7 of 15 (46.7 per cent) with hyperuricosuria. Comparison of initial and followup 24-hour urine volumes demonstrated a significant increase in patients who were metabolically inactive at followup (p less than 0.0005), while no increase was detected in patients who were metabolically active at followup. We recommend that specific drug therapy should not be given to patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis until the stone clinic effect has been evaluated.
J Urol 1983 Dec
PMID:The stone clinic effect in patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. 664 90

Of 264 patients with urolithiasis those with pure uric acid or urate stones were compared to those with other types of calculi for differences in epidemiologic factors and uric acid, calcium and phosphate metabolism. Patients with uric acid stones were predominantly older men. These patients had comparatively lower incomes and spent less money on food but consumed more alcohol. The urinary pH was lower than in the other groups. The absence of abnormally elevated serum uric acid levels and elevated 24-hour urinary uric acid excretion suggests this variety of uric acid lithiasis to be idiopathic in nature. This finding is supported by the results of standardized oral purine loading, which showed no post-loading differences in serum levels and revealed urinary concentrations in 12 patients with pure uric acid stones and 10 normal subjects. However, there is evidence to suggest that this condition may be a precursor of primary gout. Hereditary mechanisms are absent and the relapse rate is the same as in patients with other stones. Therefore, our results suggest the existence of an idiopathic variety of uric acid lithiasis that, at least in central Europe, occurs more frequently than previously assumed. The condition is not inherited, alcohol consumption is a major etiologic factor and there is no evidence of a causative role of abnormalities in purine metabolism.
J Urol 1982 Dec
PMID:Idiopathic uric acid lithiasis: epidemiologic and metabolic aspects. 715 74

Clinical and epidemiological studies were performed on 1,184 cases of urolithiasis treated in the Department of Urology, Poh Ai Hospital. The incidence of urolithiasis was 147/100,000 population in 1991. The highest incidence was found in patients in their 50s. The male to female ratio was 2.9:1. There were 895 cases with single stones, and 289 cases with multiple stones. The ratio of upper to lower urinary tract stones was 13.6:1. Among the hospitalized patients, 673 cases (56.8%) underwent surgical treatment and 511 cases (43.2%) received conservative treatment with spontaneous stone passage. Among 1071 cases of upper urinary tract calculi, 567 cases (52.9%) underwent surgical treatment: 236 cases (41.6%) were treated by endoscopic surgery, 176 cases (31.0%) were treated by open-surgery and 131 cases (23.1%) by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Among 79 cases of lower urinary tract calculi, 75 cases (94.9%) were treated surgically: 68 cases (90.7%) by transurethral endoscopic surgery and 7 cases (9.3%) by cystolithotomy. According to analysis of 365 stones, the most frequent type was calcium-containing stones (92.3%). Pyuria was noted in 250 out of 1,086 (23.0%) cases. Bacteriuria was noted in 202 out of 914 (22.1%) cases. Concerning organisms isolated from the urine, Staphylococcus epidermidis was found most frequently (55/202). Stone patients increased in number during the summer season (July and August). Systematic questionnaires completed by the patients with urolithiasis, lead us to the following conclusions: 1) 50.7% (216/438) of patients gave a past history of urolithiasis, and 2) family histories showed that males whose siblings had urolithiasis were at the highest risk of uolithiasis, followed by those whose fathers had a history of urolithiasis.
J Formos Med Assoc 1994 Dec
PMID:[Clinical and epidemiological studies on urolithiasis in Ilan]. 760 72


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