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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Examination of renal function have been carried out in sheep with acute prerenal (n = 6), renal (n = 15) or postrenal failure (n = 3), pyelocystitis (n = 4), and in cases of urolithiasis in rams (n = 16) and billy goats (n = 11) respectively. The calculation of parameters was done on the basis of the estimated weight dependent endogenous creatinine excretion. A control group of 56 healthy non pregnant or early pregnant (< 120th day of pregnancy) ewes have been used. The renal creatinine clearance was reduced and the absolute as well as the fractional renal water excretion was enhanced in all groups of sick animals. An elevated fractional excretion of sodium and phosphate could be seen as well. Functional disturbances could be observed in urolithiasis in like manner as in acute renal failure. There was proteinuria, glucosuria, excessive potassium excretion and often decreased plasma concentration of potassium in both syndromes. A hyperkalemia occurred only in the final state of urolithiasis. No clinical outcome of chronic nephropathies could be seen. Mortality of the described acute nephropathies was about 76%. The results of examination were suitable to control the course and restitution of renal function. They were not helpful for differential diagnosis and prognosis of acute renal failure.
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PMID:[Clinical kidney function studies in sheep. III. Pathologic function changes in nephropathies of sheep and in urolithiasis of rams and billy goats]. 778 44

A conventional approach to urolith elimination involving spasmolytics, water loading, terpene-containing drugs warrants efficacy in 80% of the cases. Diuretic tea promoted the stones evacuation from the ureter in 88.5%. Sinusoidal modulated currents with inductothermia and sound stimulation of the upper urinary tracts resulted in the stones elimination in 88 and 85.7% of the cases, respectively. A new method of urolithiasis treatment is suggested, tried and patented. It implies introduction of upper urinary tract sound stimulation with the frequency 2.4-3.3 kHz at the height of urinative effect of the tea. The resultant elimination of uroliths occurred in 129 of 134 patients treated (96.3%). The treatment is feasible both in inpatient and outpatient settings.
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PMID:[A comparative evaluation of the results of using different means for stone-expelling therapy in urolithiasis]. 778 20

Clinical treatment of urolithiasis with Alexandrite-laser which is a solid pulse laser system developed in Switzerland is reported. Two cases of renal stones, 3 cases of vesical stones, and 35 renal units in 34 cases of ureteral stones were treated. The approach to the aimed stone was, percutaneous to the renal stones, and transurethral to the vesical and ureteral stones. The clinical success rate was 92.5% (37/40), when we defined success as the endoscopically observed fragmentation. The uric acid stone in the bladder was not disintegrated even when the plasma occurred, but the ureteral uric acid stone was easily fragmented. The difference was thought to be attributed to the condition of the surface. The Alexandrite-laser system generates a 750 nm wavelength, and this wavelength is neither absorbed in water nor hemoglobin, so is thought to be harmless to the tissue. Actually, if misirradiation to the ureteral mucosa during lithotripsy was done, neither plasma formation nor perforation occurred. In conclusion, the Alexandrite-laser is thought to be safe and effective equipment for the treatment of urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Clinical treatment of urinary tract stones with Alexandrite laser]. 812 17

In order to better understand the role of diet in etiology of urolithiasis, 84 oxalo-phospho-calcic-lithiasic patients (52 men, 32 women) have been studied by a nutritional week-interview and by urinary and blood testing. Diet data were compared to an ideal standard. Total caloric intake was 2428 +/- 651 calories/d; this intake is high in 7% women and 40% men. 79% out of patients are fat. Protidic intake is 87 +/- 21 g/d higher than 1 g/kg/d in 84.5% of patients. Lipids are high in 38.9 +/- 7%, glucid are low in 45.3 +/- 7%. Calcium intake is 934 +/- 406 mg/d, sodium intake is 12.9 + 3 g/d. Water intake is 2305 +/- 759 ml/d. Different groups of patients are studied: a) 21 patients with mean age of 43 +/- 12 years have recurrent lithiasis (R). This group is compared to 48 patients with 37 +/- 44 years who have a single lithiasis. Half of (R) patients have hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia and hyperoxaluria. Diet study is no different between these two groups. b) Other groups are studied: 21 have hyperophosphaturia (HPU) without hypophosphoremia and they have hypercalciuria, hyperuraturia and high urinary urea; diet shows higher glucicid and potassium intake than group with normal phosphaturia; 23 have hypercalciuria (HCU) and high uraturia and phosphaturia: diet study shows no difference with a group with normal calciuria. 21 have hyperoxaluria (HOU): diet study of a normal oxaluric group shows higher lipid intake, lower glucidic and calcium intake; 22 have hyperuraturia (HAU) and higher urinary urea, sodium and potassium than normouraturia group: in this group potassium intake is higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Results of dietary evaluation during calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate lithiasis]. 814 88

In a previous study we showed that the magnesium-calcium ratio of tap water is negatively correlated with the incidence of calcium-containing urinary stones. In this study we examined the relationship between the incidence of struvite stones, water hardness and the regional geological features on the basis of our previous study and an epidemiological study of urolithiasis performed in Japan. The magnesium-calcium ratio of tap water was found to correlate positively with the incidence of struvite stones. The tap water magnesium-calcium ratio was high in regions of basalt and sedimentary rock and was low in granite and limestone areas. The incidence of struvite stones in the regions of basalt and sedimentary rock was higher than that in the granite and limestone areas. Thus, this study suggested that the incidence of struvite stones is related to the magnesium-calcium ratio of tap water and to the regional geology, as is the case for calcium-containing stones.
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PMID:Relationship between the incidence infection stones and the magnesium-calcium ratio of tap water. 821 15

1. Susceptibility to calcium-induced urolithiasis was assessed in pullets of two commercial SCWL strains (A and B) reared together from 5 to 18 weeks of age on diets containing 10 g/kg calcium (normal calcium: NC) or 35 g/kg calcium (high calcium: HC). 2. Kidney damage was not observed in pullets reared on NC diets. For pullets fed on HC diets, strain A developed significantly greater kidney asymmetry, a higher incidence of gross kidney damage and a higher incidence of uroliths than strain B. 3. Supplementing the HC diet with 6 g/kg DL-methionine significantly reduced the incidence of calcium-induced gross kidney damage and urolith formation in both strains. Ammonium sulphate (5.3 g/kg) was significantly more effective than DL-methionine in reducing calcium-induced kidney damage. 4. Neither DL-methionine nor ammonium sulphate caused a measurable metabolic acidosis. Neither supplement consistently affected water consumption or manure moisture.
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PMID:Susceptibility of two commercial single comb White Leghorn strains to calcium-induced urolithiasis: efficacy of dietary supplementation with DL-methionine and ammonium sulphate. 835 42

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase(APRT) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder and the homozygotes develop 2,8-dihydroxyadenine(DHA) urolithiasis and, in severe cases, renal failure. The prevalence is higher among the Japanese than other ethnic groups. So far 120 cases have been reported among the Japanese. The disease is classified into 2 types; type I and II are associated with complete and partial deficiencies, respectively. While all non-Japanese cases were of type I, about 78% of the Japanese patients were of type II. Each of the type II patients has at least one APRT*J allele with a ATG(Met) to ACG(Thr) base substitution at codon 136. All APRT*J alleles were derived from a single ancestor. All type I patients and some type II patients possess APRT*QO alleles with various point mutations or large gene abnormality. Type II patients tend to develop first symptoms later than the type I patients. The diagnoses of homozygotes and heterozygotes can be done by the cell culture methods. Both enzyme assay and molecular diagnostic methods are useful but not as reliable as the cell culture methods Excessive water intake, restriction of foods with high adenine contents and administration of allopurinol are useful treatments.
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PMID:[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase(APRT) deficiency]. 897 13

Bisphosphonates bind renal calculi and inhibit calcium oxalate crystal growth in vitro. We evaluated their ability to inhibit calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a lithogenic rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (four groups, eight rats each) were fed 1.0% ethylene glycol in their drinking water for 6 weeks. All rats had implantation of a 50- to 60-mg zinc pellet in their urinary bladder at the beginning of the 6-week period. The control group received no treatment. The other three groups received six weekly intraperitoneal injections of one of three bisphosphonates: pamidronate (APD), clodronate (CLO), or methylene diphosphonate (MDP). At the end of 6 weeks, the zinc pellet was retrieved and weighed; the kidneys were sectioned and stained to evaluate inflammation, tubular dilation, and crystal deposition; and blood and urine samples were analyzed for calcium and creatinine. There were no detectable biochemical differences between the control and the treatment groups. Zinc pellets removed from control animals had a significantly greater increase in weight secondary to crystal deposition than those from the treatment groups (mean 28.4% for control v 18.9%, 15.3%, and 18.6%, respectively, for animals given APD, CLO, and MDP). The control animals also had significantly higher scores for inflammation, tubular dilation, and crystal deposition than animals treated with MDP and CLO. Older and newer-generation bisphosphonates have an inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate urolithiasis that is demonstrable at relatively infrequent dosing intervals in vivo. More frequent dosing or higher doses may allow greater inhibition of stone formation.
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PMID:Inhibition of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a rat model of lithogenesis using bisphosphonates. 904 90

Bile acids are considered as a risk factor for colorectal carcinogenesis. They were analysed in samples of faecal water and plasma of fasting heparine blood from 23 urolithiasis patients. Linear regression showed that the highest percentage of variance (52%) was explained by the model: plasma deoxycholic acid (micromol/l) = -3.11 + 0.96(+/-0.25*) 10log deoxycholic acid in faecal water (micromol/l) + 0.35(+/-0.15*) pH of faecal water -0.41(+/-0.19#) defacation frequency (number of stools/day); *P < 0.05, #P = 0.055. In future studies, analysing blood levels of unconjugated deoxycholic acid may substitute faecal measurements.
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PMID:Plasma deoxycholic acid is related to deoxycholic acid in faecal water. 910 12

Hypercalciuria is a rare biological symptom with multiple possible etiologies in children. Normal calcium excretion rate in children is defined as lower than 4 mg/kg per day, significantly higher values being observed in infants. When using urinary calcium: creatinine ratio, normal values are below 0.22 mg/mg in children, and below 0.6 to 0.8 mg/mg in infants. In our experience half patients with hypercalciuria have idiopathic hypercalciuria. Idiopathic hypercalciuria can be hereditary with a dominant autosomal mode of inheritance. Its pathophysiology is unclear, increased calcium intestinal absorption and impaired renal tubular calcium reabsorption being the two main underlying anomalies. Patients with hypercalciuria should be informed about the risk of urolithiasis and its possible prevention by a high water intake. In those patients with nephrocalcinosis or recurrent episodes of lithiasis, hydrochlorothiazide can be effective in reducing hypercalciuria. However, adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide on serum lipids have been recently reported and make this treatment questionable in the long term.
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PMID:[Hypercalciuria: etiologies and treatment]. 918 9


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