Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five hundred and seventeen patients who had a jejunoileal bypass performed at the University of Minnesota Hospitals were studied with regard to the formation of urinary calculi postoperatively. A 9 per cent incidence of stones was found in the 365 patients for whom complete data were available. Men were affected more commonly than women. Of particular note was the correlation between long term oral supplementation of calcium postoperatively and a delay in the onset of symptomatic urolithiasis. A group of 91 recent patients who have been maintained on orally administered calcium are stone-free as long as 12 months after operation, again suggesting that supplementation of calcium may help prevent urolithiasis in patients who have had a bypass procedure.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in patients with a jejunoileal bypass. 68 75

Urine oxalate was determined by the enzymatic method, quality criteria were established, and 24h oxalate excretion measured in healthy control subjects and in patients suffering from calcium urolithiasis. The technique is highly reliable and can be practiced in every conventional clinical laboratory. There is no increase in 24h urine oxalate in calcium urolithiasis when related to body weight or lean body mass.
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PMID:[Hallson and Rose enzymatic determination of urinary oxalate (author's transl)]. 68 89

The incidence of urolithiasis in Manipur is very high. From hospital records for a period of 7 years and 3 months, it was observed to be 11.6% of all general surgery cases in the General Hospital, Imphal. This is alarmingly high. The social, eating, drinking, and living habits are different among the three major populations in this state. The prevalence was minimal among Tribals. Compared to them the prevalence was about one and one half times higher among Muslims (also called Pangals) and seven times higher among Hindus. Surprisingly, the incidence of renal calcalus was higher in females. One hundred ninety-six stones were studied by wet chemical analysis. Calcium and oxalate were present in all stones. Phosphate was present in 194 stones and uric acid (including urate) was present in 146 stones.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in Manipur (north eastern region of India). Incidence and chemical composition of stones. 68 68

The effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the formation of renal stones was evaluated by quantitative assessment of the propensity of urine to undergo crystallization of calcium oxalate. In seven patients with calcium urolithiasis (three with absorptive hypercalciuria, one with renal hypercalciuria, and three with normocalciuric nephrolithiasis), the urinary activity product ratio and formation product ratio of calcium oxalate were measured both on and off therapy with hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg orally twice a day). The activity product ratio (state of saturation with respect to calcium oxalate) decreased in the majority of cases, primarily as a result of the fall in urinary calcium. The formation product ratio (limit of metastability) increased in all cases; the cause of the increase was not readily apparent. Both changes reduced the propensity of urine to undergo crystallization of calcium oxalate, and therefore may account for the clinical improvement reported during thiazide therapy in nephrolithiasis.
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PMID:Effect of hydrochlorothiazide therapy on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in urine. 83 53

Since 1973 we have used allopurinol in the prevention and aftercare of recurrent urolithiasis. We give indications for the administration of allopurinol for patients with chronically recurring calcium oxalate lithiasis. Special attention is given to the urinary stone analysis as well as to metabolic disorders as for example hyperuricaemia, hyperuricuria or idiopathic hypercalciuria. In 15 patients with calcium oxalate lithiasis the stone/patient/year ratio could be decreased to 38%. In 19 patients with uric acid/calcium oxalate calculi or alternating stone formations from uric acid and calcium oxalate we succeeded in decreasing this ratio from 1.72 to 0.47 or 27%.
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PMID:Allopurinol in the recurrence prevention of calcium oxalate lithiasis. 83 52

Fifty-seven per cent of Urinary Calculi in the Sudan contain Uric Acid, 20 per cent in the pure form and 37 per cent mixed with other constituents mainly calcium oxalate. The peak age presentation of urolithiasis is 30-40 years with more prediliction to males than females. An earlier study documented a high incidence of hyperuricaemia in Sudanese people. It is probable that "voluntary dehydration" and hyperuricaemia acting together may help in the formation of uric acid stones on the surface of which other crystals mainly calcium oxalate may be deposited to form the bigger calculi which are commonly encountered in this country.
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PMID:Uric acid lithiasis in the Sudan. 92 13

The composition of 1,000 kidney stones in our area of Israel was analyzed. The predominant stones were a combination of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, and uric acid. We used chemical analysis to determine the relative incidence of urinary calculi in 500 patients of various ages and ethnic groups. The incidence of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate calculi (44 per cent) in Jews born in Israel was lower than in other ethnic groups (54 to 64 per cent). The incidence of uric acid stones in Jews born in Israel, Lebanon, Iran, Iraq and Syria, and the Ashkenazim (16 to 29 per cent) was 2 to 3 times higher than in other groups. In more than 60 per cent of the patients urolithiasis developed after they were 20 years old. The age at onset was significantly younger in Jews born in Israel (25.7 per cent) and North Africa (13.8 per cent), and in Arabs (18 per cent).
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PMID:Studies on urolithiasis in Israel. 94 Jan 90

The bone mineral density (g/cm3) of the distal cancellous radius was determined in a consecutive series of 21 women and 54 men with urolithiasis with the Americium-241 gamma ray attenuation method. Bone mineral density was statistically significantly lower in both sexes compared with coeval healthy subjects. Further study is needed to examine the relationship between the bone mineral density and disturbances in calcium metabolism in patients with renal stone disease.
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PMID:Bone mineral density in patients with urolithiasis. A preliminary report. 94 25

After World War II the incidence of urolithiasis increased consistently among the general population in this country. Nearly 25% of all examined renal calculi contain uric acid, sodium acid urate or ammonium acid urate as constituents. There are two peaks in lifespan of occurring urate stones: in the adolescence and in the age between 40 and 60 years. The following conditions are due to the formation of uric acid-containing stones: 1. Gout and primary hyperuricemia; 2. secondary hyperuricemia; 3. idiopathic cases with normal renal excretion of uric acid and normouricemia, but with a higher degree of acidity of the urine than normal considering the total renal excretion of acid products; 4. iatrogenic hyperuricemia during insufficient uricosuric therapy. Up to more than 30% of all the patients with recurrent formation of oxalate stones show a clear association with hyperuricemia, hyperuricosuria and increased renal excretion of calcium. In the presence of sodium urate a considerable promotion of precipitation of crystals consisting of calcium oxalate from a meta-stable solution may occur (so-called epitaxy). Frequently the existence of uric acid stones is without any symptoms. Modern views with regard to prophylactic procedures, diet, general and specific medical management including surgical intervention are presented.
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PMID:[Urate nephrolithiasis. Cause of consequence?]. 95 52

Elevated circulating levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH), hypercalciuria and renal calculi were found in 3 patients with distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Treatment with alkali resulted in a fall of PTH toward normal and a reduction in urinary calcium, but the frequency of urolithiasis was unchanged. In one patient in whom prolonged follow-up was possible, a subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed. This was followed by virtual cessation of stone formation despite persistence of the acidification defect. This study suggests that RTA may be associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism and that the consequent elevation in PTH may play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of renal calculi.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of renal calculi in distal renal tubular acidosis. Possible role of parathyroid hormone. 99 9


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