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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Total bindings sites, ionic calcium, and other crystalloids were measured in 41 normocalciuric patients with idopathic calcium urolithiasis and in 34 normocalciuric healthy subjects. Twenty-six stoneformers were treated with thiazide to determine the effect of the drug. The average total calcium excretion was higher in patients than in controls and patients receiving therapy. The fraction of total calcium ionized was higher in patients than in normal subjects; thiazide therapy did not seem to cause a decrease in this fraction in stoneformers. The 24-hr excretion of ionic calcium was equal in normal subjects and in patients receiving thiazide therapy, but was higher in patients without therapy. Normal subjects have a significantly higher concentration and total excretion of magnesium and citrate. Apparent binding constants for calcium were significantly different for all three groups. The concentration of total binding sites was lower in patients with and without therapy than in normal subjects; this was partly attributed to the higher urinary concentration of citrate in normal subjects. However, citrate accounted for less than 20 per cent of the total bindings sites in urine. There was no significant differential 24-hr excretion of binding sites. Measurement of the specific excreting pattern of binding sites on proteins, peptides, nucleotides, and amino acid may emerge with a characteristic pattern in patients with urolithiasis.
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PMID:Urinary ionic calcium and binding sites in normocalciuric idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. 50 Mar 20

Stone analyses (kidney, upper urinary tract) of the department of Urology, University of Erlangen, from a four-year-period (1974-1977) have been recorded with emphasis to stone composition, sex and age of the pertinent stone forming patients. During this time period there were no substantial changes as regards the per cent frequency of the various stone types. The most frequent type was calcium oxalate (CaOx), followed by uric acid, calcium phosphate (CaP), struvite and cystine. Stone analyses were mostly requested for patients between 46 and 55 years of age. Stone incidence in our clinic is calculated to be 1.22 times higher in males than females, especially beyond 36 years of age. The frequency peaks are: pure (= 100 per cent) CaOx 36-45 years; CaOx with additional mineral phases (mostly CaP) 46-55 years; uric acid 56-65 years; CaP 26-35 years. From those patients who underwent further investigations in searching for metabolic abnormalities serum concentrations, urine mineral clearances in fasting urine samples, and activity products of stone forming mineral phases in sequentially collected specimens from 24 h and 2 h fasting urine had been measured and compared with values from healthy control subjects. In urolithiasis (idiopathic) there is a normal parathyroid hormone blood level, a generally lower serum inorganic phosphate and magnesium concentration. In pure (= 100 per cent) CaOx and uric acid lithiasis serum uric acid and creatinine are higher than in controls, urine pH and calcium clearance in some groups are different too. Clearances of magnesium, uric acid, phosphate, sodium are within normal limits in urolithiasis. When expressing the propensity to form stones in terms of activity products, then only uric acid lithiasis deviates substantially from normal. All other stone types differ only slightly or not at all from each other and controls respectively. It is concluded that 1) in our geographic region the various stone types prevail in different age periods; 2) there are distinct alterations of parameters of mineral metabolism in urolithiasis; 3) measuring urine clearances may lead to assume falsely normal mean urine excretion of stone forming constituents.
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PMID:Composition of renal stones and their frequency in a stone clinic: relationship to parameters of mineral metabolism in serum and urine. 50 79

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a major cause of calcium urolithiasis and is easily recognised when it is classically manifested. However, subtle presentations of primary hyperparathyroidism may cause confusion with other causes of calcium stone disease or cause diagnostic difficulty. Several pitfalls of parathyroid evaluation and treatment are illustrated by four cases of calcium urolithiasis. Cases 1 and 2 represent ineffective or useless parathyroid surgery rendered for renal hypercalciuria and absorptive hypercalciuria, respectively. Cases 3 and 4 had mild or intermittent hypercalcaemia. The correct diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was made in Case 3 by parathyroid venous sampling and bone densitometry. In Case 4, the thiazide provocative test was used to establish the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Pitfalls in parathyroid evaluation in patients with calcium urolithiasis. 50 80

Crystallographic analysis of 261 upper urinary tract calculi from patients in Brooklyn is presented. Calcium oxalate, uric acid, and struvite stones predominate. We could not confirm the hypothesis that uric acid forms a nidus in calcium oxalate urolithiasis in spite of a percentage of uric acid calculi more than twice the national average.
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PMID:Pattern of urolithiasis in Brooklyn, New York. 50 99

Urolithiasis is seen in our region throughout the year as a periodic appearing disease with peaks not only in summer, but also--somewhat lower--in January, April and October. This appearance is especially caused by the calcium oxalate stones. Uric acid calculi show a rise between May and October. The magnesium ammonium phosphate stones appear almost completely irregular.
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PMID:[Typical annual course of urolithiasis in relation to the chemical structure of the concrements (author's transl)]. 54 53

Infrared spectroscopy of urinary calculi can be used for the quantitative determination of the major constituents in mixed stones; the method is simple and consists in area-measurements of specific absorption peaks of the spectrum of each compound. In the area-measurement method the average error is +/- 2,5% in calcium-oxalate-apatite and +/- 2% in ammonium magnesium phosphate-carboapatite mixtures; within these limits the calculus matrix do not affect significantly the value of areas. An investigation of 64 mixed renal stones shows that in 57% of the samples, apatite is present in the nucleus; uric acid and calcium-oxalate are the most frequent superficial compounds, while the external layer of ammonium magnesium phosphate and the mixture uric acid-calcium phosphate are rare events. In calcium-oxalate-apatite and ammonium magnesium phosphate-carboapatite calculi the quantitative composition of the nucleus and the external layer differ significantly. The proposed method of analysis of internal and external structures in renal calculi can be useful for the study of etiology, for the prevention and the treatment of urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Infrared spectroscopy in the quantitative determination of urinary calculi constituents (author's transl)]. 59 5

Fifty male patients with urolithiasis (UL), associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), were studied in comparison to a group of 18 male normocalcemic patients with inactive calcium stone disease of unknown etiology. In the group of IH-UL, in addition to hypercaliuria, statistically significant hyperphosphaturia with decreased tubular reabsorption of phosphate and hyperuricemia were observed; there was a tendency to hypophosphatemia although non-significant. In 36% of the IH-UL patients the first episode of renal colic appeared at age 40 to 50. Thirty-eight per cent of the IH-UL patients had recurrent stone formation. Twenty per cent of the IH-UL patients had a family history of urolithiasis. Forty-six per cent of all stones contained oxalate in addition to calcium, and 25% of the stones contained oxalate and phosphate.
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PMID:Urolithiasis associated with hypercalciuria. 60 17

The adsorption of heparin on sodium acid urate powder suspended in aqueous solution was found to be dependent upon the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+. It was concluded that heparin adsoprtion on sodium acid urate powder can occur in urine. Speculations are made about the relevance of these observations to calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
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PMID:Adsorption of heparin on sodium acid urate. 63 5

The urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, oxalate, creatinine, phosphate and urate was investigated in patients with urolithiasis and in normal subjects. The excretion of oxalate and urate per mole creatinine and the quotients calcium/magnesium, calcium X oxalate/magnesium and calcium X oxalate/(magnesium X creatinine) were significantly higher in stone formers than in normal subjects. The mean creatinine-correlated urinary excretion of calcium was higher and of magnesium lower in patients with urolithiasis, but the differences were statistically not significant. The urine investigation was supplemented with analysis of calcium, magnesium, creatinine, urate, bicarbonate and chloride in serum and a qualitative analysis of stone composition. A simple schedule for a biochemical grouping of patients with urolithiasis is presented and on the basis of the analytical findings it was possible to classify 67% of patients with so-called 'idiopathic stone disease' according to these principles.
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PMID:A biochemical basis for grouping of patients with urolithiasis. 66 34

The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was estimated in two groups of schoolboys--village Arabs and urban Jewish (Ashkenazic) schoolboys, aged 10 to 11 years. Both the mean calcium/creatinine ratio and the frequency of hypercalciuria were higher among the Arab boys, and may be related to the higher incidence of chilidhood urolithiasis in Arab children in Israel.
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PMID:Urinary calcium excretion in schoolboys. Ethnic group differences. 66 19


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