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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effect of uric acid on sodium oxalate-induced biochemical and histological changes were studied in rats. Rats injected with sodium oxalate (0.7 mg/100 g body wt, ip) show calcium deposits in the lumen of kidney tubules. Uric acid administration was found to potentiate calcium oxalate calculi formation. Lipid peroxide formation was increased up to 100% in kidney and 28% in liver by sodium, oxalate treatment. Uric acid administration was found to reduce lipid peroxide level up to 12% in liver and 20% in kidney. From this study it is concluded that lipid peroxidation may not be the cause of sodium oxalate-induced urolithiasis and the results are discussed with reference to the epitaxic nature of uric acid on kidney stone formation.
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PMID:Effect of uric acid on sodium oxalate-induced urolithiasis in rats--biochemical and histological evidences. 804

In order to better understand the role of diet in etiology of urolithiasis, 84 oxalo-phospho-calcic-lithiasic patients (52 men, 32 women) have been studied by a nutritional week-interview and by urinary and blood testing. Diet data were compared to an ideal standard. Total caloric intake was 2428 +/- 651 calories/d; this intake is high in 7% women and 40% men. 79% out of patients are fat. Protidic intake is 87 +/- 21 g/d higher than 1 g/kg/d in 84.5% of patients. Lipids are high in 38.9 +/- 7%, glucid are low in 45.3 +/- 7%. Calcium intake is 934 +/- 406 mg/d, sodium intake is 12.9 + 3 g/d. Water intake is 2305 +/- 759 ml/d. Different groups of patients are studied: a) 21 patients with mean age of 43 +/- 12 years have recurrent lithiasis (R). This group is compared to 48 patients with 37 +/- 44 years who have a single lithiasis. Half of (R) patients have hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia and hyperoxaluria. Diet study is no different between these two groups. b) Other groups are studied: 21 have hyperophosphaturia (HPU) without hypophosphoremia and they have hypercalciuria, hyperuraturia and high urinary urea; diet shows higher glucicid and potassium intake than group with normal phosphaturia; 23 have hypercalciuria (HCU) and high uraturia and phosphaturia: diet study shows no difference with a group with normal calciuria. 21 have hyperoxaluria (HOU): diet study of a normal oxaluric group shows higher lipid intake, lower glucidic and calcium intake; 22 have hyperuraturia (HAU) and higher urinary urea, sodium and potassium than normouraturia group: in this group potassium intake is higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Results of dietary evaluation during calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate lithiasis]. 814 88

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of sodium pentosan polysulfate (SPP) in an undiluted urine system and to study its relative affinity to calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in the presence or absence of heparan sulfate (HS). CaOx crystals were induced with an overload of oxalate above the metastable limit in spun and filtered urine (SF) and ultrafiltered urine (UF). Then, the crystals were dissolved with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), electrodialysed and lyophilized. The polyanions, HS or SPP were added to the UF prior to the addition of oxalate. Polyanions in crystal matrices were examined by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Crystal volume and size were suppressed according to the increase of the concentration of SPP when compared with those of the UF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed marked aggregation of the crystals in the UF and no aggregation in the presence of SPP. HS was the only polyanion found in CaOx crystals formed after overload of oxalate in SF. Crystals formed in UF did not contain any polyanions. When SPP was added to UF, SPP appeared in the crystal matrix in accordance with its concentration. Once HS in physiological concentration was added to the UF containing SPP, HS and SPP obtained from crystals were strongly stained with Alcian blue in electrophoretic study, where SPP is stained stronger than HS. These results suggest that SPP strongly binds to CaOx crystals as well as HS and that HS and SPP competitively bind to the crystal, then, as a result, they are incorporated into the crystals. The fact that SPP suppressed the aggregation of CaOx crystals in undiluted urine showed the possibility that SPP might be one of the useful drugs for preventing CaOx urolithiasis.
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PMID:Analysis of glycosaminoglycans induced in newly formed calcium oxalate crystals using an undiluted urine system. 881 90

The epidemiology of urolithiasis differs according to geographical area and historical period: changing socio-economic conditions have generated changes in the incidence and type of lithiasis in terms of both the site and the physical-chemical composition of the calculi. Reno-ureteral calculosis typical of adult age and featuring mainly calcium oxalate and phosphate is currently more frequent in economically developed countries, where the prevalence rate hovers between 4% and 20% and the annual incidence of hospitalization for calculosis ranges from 0.03 to 0.1%. On the contrary "primitive" vesical calculosis is fairly widespread in Asia, with calculi composed of ammonium urate and calcium oxalate. Vesical calculosis, due to malnutrition in the very early years of life, is currently frequent in huge areas of Turkey, Iran, India, China, Indochina and Indonesia, although the incidence is decreasing in proportion as social conditions gradually improve. At the beginning of the 20th century primitive vesical calculosis was relatively frequent in Europe also, but in the course of the last 100 years, there has been a gradual decrease in its incidence, while the reno-ureteral calculosis has become more common. This trend definited as "stone wave" has been explained in terms of changing social conditions and the consequent changes in eating habits. In Europe, Northern America, Australia, Japan, and, more recently, Saudi Arabia affluence has spread to all social classes, and with it the tendency to eat "rich" food in large quantities. Calcium oxalate and/or phosphate stones account for almost 70% of all renal stones observed in economically developed countries. The prevalence of this type of stones varies considerably on account of environmental factors, especially dietary intake and lifestyle, while radiolucent and infection stones seem to be less influenced by environmental conditions. In the seventies the pathogenetic role for calcium oxalate stones of a diet rich in proteins, refined carbohydrate and sodium has become evident, while the effect of alimentary calcium and oxalate is still debated. However, the concurrence of a genetic predisposition seem to be crucial for calcium stone formation. In fact the importance of family history for idiopathic calcium stone disease is clearly demonstrated, although little is known about the metabolic alterations underlying this predisposition and their genetic transmission mechanisms.
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PMID:Epidemiology of urolithiasis. 893 16

The calcium (Ca)-restricted diet of urolithiasis patients with absorptive hypercalciuria type II may decrease Ca excretion but increase biochemical markers of risk for osteopenia. We randomly allocated 25 patients from six hospitals into an experimental group (Ca restriction to 500 mg/day, oxalate-rich products discouraged and normalization of animal protein and sodium) and a control group (no restrictions) for one month. The urinary Ca excretion did not decrease significantly, but the oxalate excretion decreased, although not significantly. The hydroxyproline:creatinine ratio in fasting urine seemed to increase and the calcium:creatinine ratio to decrease. The deoxypyridinoline:creatinine ratio in fasting urine did not change. We conclude that our Ca-restricted diet, which is lower in Ca, animal protein and table salt due to the omission of dairy products, may be of benefit for absorptive hypercalciuria type II patients without enhancing the risk for osteopenia. However, a long-term clinical trial is required.
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PMID:The effects of the calcium-restricted diet of urolithiasis patients with absorptive hypercalciuria type II on risk factors for kidney stones and osteopenia. 953 99

Total colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC) and familiar adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) is mainly performed as an ileoanal Pouch procedure (IAP). Alternatives are ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) and conventional proctocolectomy with Brooke ileostomy (CPS). The different surgical techniques may influence the excretion of water and electrolytes in stool and urine and may lead to a higher risk for urolithiasis. We investigated patients (12 IAP, 12 IRA and 8 CPS) several years after surgery and compared them to twelve normal controls. Total fecal and urinary output was collected at two consecutive days. Volume and electrolytes were determined in stool and urine. The risk for urinary stone formation was calculated by nomograms. Fecal volume and sodium (Na+) excretion was increased in all therapy groups compared to controls. IAP and IRA had significant less stool volume and Na+ excretion compared to CPS. Augmented fecal Na+ excretion was compensated by reduction of renal output after colectomy compared to controls. There were no significant differences in the daily urine volume between any groups. There was no urolithiasis in any groups. The nomograms showed a risk for all groups and controls to develop urinary stones.
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PMID:[Effect of proctocolectomy on fluid balance--comparison of conventional ileostomy, ileorectal anastomosis and ileoanal pouch operation]. 957 3

To investigate the risk for the development of urolithiasis in 30 children with urolithiasis, 36 children with isolated hematuria, and 15 healthy control children, 24-h urinary excretion of calcium, sodium, oxalate, citrate, sulfate, phosphate, magnesium, urate, chloride, ammonium, and glycosaminoglycans was determined and urine saturation for calcium oxalate was calculated with the computer program EQUIL 2. Compared with controls, children with urolithiasis had significantly increased calcium excretion, oxalate excretion, and urine saturation, whereas children with isolated hematuria had significantly increased calcium excretion only. The best estimation of the relative risk of urolithiasis can be made after urine saturation, using logistic regression. The percentage of patients correctly classified after urine saturation is 85.41% in comparison with 80.95% and 73.81% when the estimation was done by calcium excretion and oxalate excretion, respectively. Using the breakpoint value of 4.29 for urine saturation, it was possible to separate children with increased risk of urolithiasis development from the group of children with isolated hematuria.
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PMID:Determination of urine saturation with computer program EQUIL 2 as a method for estimation of the risk of urolithiasis. 969 74

We report a case of urolithiasis caused by surgical treatment for Crohn's disease. A 28-year-old woman was referred to our department for further examination of renal stones from the medical department in September, 1995. She suffered from Crohn's disease and had a history of jejuno-ileal resection because of perforation of the ileum in 1988. Radiographs revealed multiple bilateral renal stones, and the urine oxalate concentration was elevated. She was treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and the administration of sodium bicarbonate and citrate, but these treatments did not prevent recurrence and enlargement of stones. Renal function was gradually worsened and we performed transurethral lithotomy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. The stones were mainly composed of oxalate calcium monohydrate. A renal biopsy was performed at the operation, showing deposition of crystals in almost all renal tubules. Diet therapy (low oxalate and low fat) and the administration of sodium bicarbonate and citrate were performed strictly and recurrence was not recognized 10 months after complete removal of the stones.
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PMID:[Urolithiasis associated with Crohn's disease: a case report]. 985 Aug 37

A 26-year-old female visited our hospital complaining left flank pain and macroscopic hematuria. She had been suffering ulcerative colitis and administered salazosulphapyridine and predonisolone from 17-year-old. Intravenous urography showed radiolucent multiple stones in the left renal pelvis. Three sessions of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy were performed after ureteral stenting. Although disintegration and discharge of the stones were satisfactory, bladder stone induced by ureteral stent was complicated. The extracted bladder stone showed a yellowish brown color and the surface was granular shape. Composition of the stone was acetyl sulphapyridine which was a metabolite of salazosulphapyridine. After maintenance of the urinary pH ranges between 6.5 and 7.5 by medication of sodium bicarbonate, the patient remains free of stone for 3 years. Drug induced urolithiasis originated from salazosulphapyridine is extremely rare. Satisfactory oral fluid intake and urinary alkalization are important for prevention of sulpha drugs calculi of urinary tract.
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PMID:[A case of drug induced urolithiasis composed of acetyl sulphapyridine associated with ulcerative colitis]. 1034 5

Calcium, in the form of regular food supplementation, can improve bone metabolism, but it can also increase the risk for renal calcium stones, and may aggravate pre-existing calcium urolithiasis. To study the first of these two aspects, ten healthy volunteers were given a conventional test meal (breakfast; calcium content 28 mg) with or without two dosages of calcium (as calcium-sodium citrate, CSC 1, 680 mg; CSC 2 1,360 mg), taken after an overnight 12 h fast. To study the latter aspect, patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis (ICU) received a balanced test meal of fixed composition, containing 1,000 mg calcium either as CSC (Meal + CSC3; n = 6) or as calcium gluconate (Mcal; n = 8). In normals, CSC induced a dose-dependent increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, and a decrease in oxalate absorption; in serum, CSC increased calcitonin and suppressed parathyroid hormone, but left unchanged the markers of bone turnover, serum osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase. In urine, CSC decreased bone resorption markers (collagen crosslinks) and phosphaturia increased citrate, created signs of metabolic alkalosis, and inhibited several parameters of CaOx crystallization. In ICU, the CSC3 load failed to promote the crystallization of CaOx and calcium phosphate. It was concluded that CSC supplementation of a meal: (1) is well tolerated by healthy subjects and ICU patients, renders calcium highly available to bone, and prevents post-prandial oxaluria from rising; and, (2) is followed by the inhibition of crystallization of renal stone forming calcium-containing substances. Long-term studies aimed at evaluating the usefulness of CSC in preserving healthy bone, and in the metaphylaxis of renal stones would appear justified.
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PMID:Acute effects of calcium sodium citrate supplementation of a test meal on mineral homeostasis, oxalate, and calcium oxalate crystallization in the urine of healthy humans--preliminary results in patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. 1042 48


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