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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By looking into the alimentary habits of the rural population residing in the urolithiasis endemic and non-endemic districts of the Chuvash ASSR the author ascertained definite differences in the content of calcium, silicon, strontium, manganese and cadmium in food rations of representative population groups under comparison. In the authors' opinion an elevated content of calcium, strontium, silicon, manganese and cadmium in food rations in inhabitants of the urolithiasis endemic districts is responsible for the urolithias endemy in the south-western areas of the republic.
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PMID:[Hygienic evaluation of the nutrition of the population in relation to endemic urolithiasis in the Chuvash ASSR]. 15 57

We present a case of urinary silica (silicon dioxide) lithiasis in a patient without a background of medication use justifying the formation of this calculus. We review the literature on this type of lithiasis and comment on some aspects of the metabolism of silica connected with urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Urinary lithiasis composed of silica]. 255 95

Silica "jack-stone" uroliths developed in the urinary bladder and urethra of 83 dogs living in the United States. Naturally occurring silica jack stones have not been encountered prior to 1976. German Shepherd Dogs comprised more than 1/3 of affected animals; the remainder encompassed 26 other breeds. In this series, 81 were males and 2 were females. The mean age of the dogs was 5.8 years, with a range of 1.5 to 12 years. Several observations prompt the hypothesis that development of silica uroliths may be related to diet. Although most silica uroliths had a characteristic jack-stone appearance, not all silica uroliths had a jack-stone configuration and not all jack stones were composed of silica. Some calculi were comprised of a combination of silica and struvite. Silica uroliths were radiodense, compared with adjacent tissue, but were not associated with identifiable crystals in urine. The urine pH of affected dogs varied from acid to alkaline. Silica urolithiasis recurred in 5 dogs following surgery. Urinary tract infections, when they occurred, appeared to be a sequela of silica urolithiasis. Pending further studies, management of silica uroliths should include their removal from the urinary tract and eradication of associated urinary tract infections. Prophylactic measures should include attempts to augment urine volume and change of diet.
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PMID:Canine Silica Urolithiasis. 626 85

Effective treatment and prevention of urolithiasis depends on accurate determination of the chemical nature of the uroliths. A widely used qualitative chemical procedure was compared with quantitative crystallographic analysis of 272 canine uroliths. Agreement between the 2 methods was 78%. Qualitative analysis failed to detect 62% of calcium-containing uroliths and 83% of carbonate apatite uroliths. Qualitative analysis gave false-positive results for urates in 55% of cystine uroliths. Mixed uroliths comprising 6% of the total could not be classified without quantitative analysis. Silicate, cystine, and urate uroliths generally were of pure composition. Crystallographic analysis indicated the following distribution of major types: struvite, 69%; calcium oxalate, 10%; urate, 7%; silicate, 3.5%; cystine, 3.2%; calcium phosphate, 1%; and mixed, 6%. Among dogs with struvite uroliths, 66% had positive results of bacterial culturing from the urinary bladder. Six breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, Welsh Corgi, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese, and Pug) had a significantly higher risk for urolithiasis, compared with other breeds. The German Shepherd Dog had a significantly lowered risk, compared with other breeds. Two breeds had significant relationship to a specific type of urolith: Miniature Schnauzer for oxalate, and Dalmatian for urate (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that quantitative analysis, using crystallography, was superior for the detection of calcium oxalate, carbonate apatite, cystine, urate, and mixed uroliths.
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PMID:Qualitative and quantitative analysis of uroliths in dogs: definitive determination of chemical type. 651 41

We performed circle tube nephrostomy in 17 patients using a newly designed catheter. The catheter which we called 'Chiba Nephrostomy Circle tube' consisted of a silicon tube which has three holes in the middle portion, and a metal connector. The renal function recovered to normal in 12 of the 17 patients (recovery rate 71%), improved in 4 (24%), and remained unchanged in only one patient. Although temporal urinary leakage occurred in 5 patients (29%), there were no serious complications with this newly designed tube. Furthermore, pyelonephritis, renal bleeding and urolithiasis, which occasionally occur by single nephrostomy, did not occur with this method. Thus, we proved the clinical usefulness of the newly designed circle tube.
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PMID:[Circle tube nephrostomy--designing of a circle tube and connector]. 667 2

Two 8-wk experiments were conducted with Sprague-Dawley weanling rats to determine whether interactions occurring between Zn and Si, or a nutritional deficiency of either Cu or Zn, affect silica urolith formation. In Exp. 1, concentrations of 0, 540, and 2,700 mg of Si/kg of diet from tetraethylorthosilicate were used with dietary Zn concentrations of 4, 12, and 500 mg/kg of diet in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. In Exp. 2, copper at 1 or 5 mg/kg of diet and Zn at 4, 12, and 500 mg/kg of diet were used in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. All diets in Exp. 2 contained 2,700 mg of Si/kg. Silica uroliths occurred in all treatments providing, 2,700 mg of Si/kg of diet. There was a trend (P = .17) toward a reduction of silica urolith incidence with increasing concentrations of dietary Zn in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, a deficiency of Zn, and a Cu deficiency exacerbated by 500 mg of Zn/kg of diet, increased (P < .05) silica urolith formation. An antagonism between Si and Zn, as demonstrated previously in the rat, may not be of a sufficient magnitude to be applicable to the prevention of silica urolithiasis. The data further demonstrate that Zn deficiency and, to a lesser extent, Cu deficiency contributed to silica urolith formation in rats fed diets having a high content of absorbable Si. However, 540 mg of Si/kg of diet may potentiate the metabolic activity of Zn, as indicated by a 23% Si-mediated weight gain response in Zn-deficient rats.
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PMID:Silicon-zinc interactions and potential roles for dietary zinc and copper in minimizing silica urolithiasis in rats. 838 18

Two cases of silica stones, without previous oral intake of magnesium trisilicate, are reported. A 64-year-old Japanese woman had bilateral renal stones. Infrared spectrophotoscopy revealed that one of the fragments consisted of silicate and the others consisted of calcium oxalate. A 75-year-old woman had right renal stones. The composition of 1 stone was a mixture of silicate and unspecified matrices. Silicate urolithiasis may not necessarily be related to oral intake of silicate-containing antacids.
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PMID:Silica urolithiasis without magnesium trisilicate intake. 979 82

Two cases of urinary retention in male dromedaries due to silica uroliths are presented. The animals were urethrostomized and one dromedary was euthanized 7 months later due to urethrostomy obstruction. The estimated daily intake of silica was 84.44 g. Silica, calcium, phosphorus and pH in urine were determined in healthy animals from the same farms, and the following values were obtained: 174.78 +/- 3.46 mg/l (silica), 41.48 +/- 4.82 mg/l (calcium), 20.4 +/- 3.6 mg/l (phosphorus) and pH 8.2, respectively. Possible causes of urolithiasis were the early castration of the animals and the fact that salt was not added to the diet. To our knowledge, this is the first description of silica urolithiasis in the dromedary camel.
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PMID:Urinary retention in two male dromedaries due to silica uroliths. 1060 61

We report a new case of silica urolithiasis in a 71-year-old patient with background of medicament ingesta (antacid) which could justify the formation of these calculi with so uncommon composition. Medicament calculi amounts about 1% from total urinary calculi. Among them, silica ones (silicon dioxide or Si O2) have been relate din their etiology to chronical ingest of antacid drugs, specially those with magnesium trisilicate. Silica formation in urine is facilitated and conditioned by an acid pH of it. Diagnosis and therapeutical approach does not change in relation to other lithiasis with similar dimension or location. After its composition report, and ruling out the possibility for patient's malingering, urine alkalinization was applied, with an excellent follow-up afterwards. The antacid was substituted by other drug. We analyze the most important aspects about this case. We also make reference to the main related bibliography.
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PMID:[Silica urolithiasis: report of a new case]. 1082 55

Silicate urinary calculi are rare in humans, with an incidence of 0.2% of all urinary calculi. Most cases were related to excess ingestion of silicate, typically by taking magnesium trisilicate as an antacid for peptic ulcers over a long period of time; however, there also existed unrelated cases, whose mechanism of development remains unclear. On the other hand, zonisamide, a newer antiepileptic drug, is one of the important causing agents of iatrogenic urinary stones in patients with epilepsy. The supposed mechanism is that zonisamide induces urine alkalinization and then promotes crystallization of urine components such as calcium phosphate by inhibition of carbonate dehydratase in renal tubular epithelial cells. Here, we report a case of silicate urolithiasis during long-term treatment with zonisamide without magnesium trisilicate intake and discuss the etiology of the disease by examining the silicate concentration in his urine.
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PMID:Silicate Urolithiasis during Long-Term Treatment with Zonisamide. 2393 37


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