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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral calcium tolerance and urinary cyclic AMP testing was used in the evaluation of 61 unselected patients with stones. The oral calcium tolerance test was easy to perform and was useful in defining several distinct metabolic abnormalities contributing to calculous formation. Oral calcium tolerance testing is more precise than twenty-four-hour urinary calcium determination and should provide a means of determining proper medical treatment of urolithiasis. Urinary cyclic AMP was disappointing as a measure of parathormone activity.
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PMID:Oral calcium tolerance and urinary cyclic AMP in urolithiasis. 21 23

The safety and effectiveness of sodium cellulose phosphate (SCP) in the treatment of calcium urolithiasis of absorptive hypercalciuria was explored. Eighteen patients with absorptive hypercalciuria with intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, normal or suppressed parathyroid function, and active stone disease received 10 to 15 Gm SCP daily (2.5 to 5 Gm with meals) and 2 to 3 Gm magnesium gluconate daily (1 to 1.5 Gm twice daily orally separately from SCP) for eight to 54 months, while maintained on a moderate calcium and oxalate restriction. During treatment, serum calcium, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, and urinary cyclic AMP remained within the normal range. Serum alkaline phosphatase and bone density (measured by photon absorptiometry) did not change significantly or remained within normal limits. Serum concentrations of magnesium, copper, zinc, and iron and blood hematocrit were not significantly altered by therapy. However, urinary calcium returned toward normal, and incidence of renal stone formation markedly decreased. The results suggest that SCP is a safe and an effective drug for absorptive hypercalciuria.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of sodium cellulose phosphate. 48 64

We found that a few patients with urolithiasis had normal parathyroid hormone levels but high cyclic AMP excretion. The purpose of this paper was to study the endocrinological mechanism. Male rats were given intraperitoneally dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP), a derivative of cyclic AMP, per 100 gm of body weight for 50 days. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Crystal formation or calcification in mainly the dystal tubules and collecting system were found in 3 out of 10 rats, and renal calcium stones in 2 rats. The cyclic AMP of the renal parenchyma, especially the renal medulla, was elevated by more than 100 times after DBcAMP administration. Serum calcium levels, urinary calcium and phosphate excretion, and the adrenaline levels of the renal parenchyma were significantly increased. Serum parathyroid hormone was slightly enhanced, but vitamin D and the noradrenaline levels of the renal parenchyma were not changed. Based on these findings, it is suspected that stone formation in rats injected DBcAMP occurs through the action of DBcAMP on the renal tubules to increase urinary calcium excretion and to make renal stones as a form of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:[Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. I. The production of renal calcinosis by cyclic AMP injection in rat]. 300 37

Ninety-seven male patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis and 17 normal male subjects were studied to evaluate the mechanism of idiopathic hypercalciuria with an oral calcium tolerance test, which has been useful in differentiating hypercalciuria. The changes in parathyroid function, such as parathormone and urinary cyclic AMP, and calcium after calcium load differed between absorptive hypercalciuria and renal hypercalciuria. We have confirmed that the change in serum calcitonin after calcium load was also different in these two hypercalciurias. The increase in serum calcium was sufficient to reduce parathyroid function but serum calcitonin was unchanged after calcium load in the control group, in patients with normocalciuria, and those with renal hypercalciuria. Although serum and urinary calcium were more elevated in absorptive hypercalciuria than in the other three groups, parathyroid function was not significantly reduced after loading in absorptive hypercalciuria. In this group only, the serum calcitonin was significantly elevated after calcium load. It is reasonable to suggest that, in this group, because parathyroid function is usually suppressed by intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, parathyroid function may not be further suppressed by even calcium load. Possibly the significant stimulation of calcitonin may compensate for the lack of suppression of parathyroid function and maintain normal serum calcium levels in absorptive hypercalciuria. These results suggest that the change in serum calcitonin is also useful to differentiate abnormalities of calcium metabolism in patients with hypercalciuria.
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PMID:Oral calcium tolerance test and serum calcitonin in calcium stone formers. 630 68

A group of 121 patients with a history of multiple or complicated calcium urolithiasis were divided into three subgroups: normal, absorptive and renal/resorptive calciuria by means of a calcium-loading test. Patients with renal hypercalciuria had lower bone mineral content (BMC) than the other groups but did not differ in amount of bone or TmPO4/GFR. The 24-hour urine calcium excretion was elevated in patients with renal and absorptive type of hypercalciuria but not in patients with normal calcium-loading test and there was no correlation to BMC. The c-AMP/creatinine seemed to discriminate patients with resorptive calciuria from patients with renal calciuria. It is suggested that only patients with renal hypercalciuria should be treated with calcium-retaining drugs such as thiazides.
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PMID:Calcium-loading test and bone disease in patients with urolithiasis. 665 69

Outpatient renal stone formers belonging to the established urolithiasis subgroups and controls were examined with respect to urinary and serum citrate (Cit) and several associated variables. Only in the normocalciuric majority of calcium and in uric acid stone formers was Cit in 24-hour urine decreased, but was normal in 2-hour fasting morning, and in 3-hour postprandial urine following a Cit-free test meal. Serum Cit was elevated in normocalciuria, renal and resorptive hypercalciuria. This Cit constellation was associated with either normal (absorptive, renal hypercalciuria) or low (normocalciuria, uric acid stone formers) parathyroid gland function as assessed by serum parathyroid hormone and nephrogenous urinary cyclic AMP, except in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In 2-hour morning urine the magnesium/creatinine ratio (normocalciuria) and ammonia excretion (uric acid stone formers) were decreased, while ammonia in 24-hour urine was low in all stone formers. It is suggested that Cit metabolism is altered in renal stone disease in general, and that in normocalciuria, stone inhibitors (Cit; magnesium) may be deficient.
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PMID:Citrate in urine and serum and associated variables in subgroups of urolithiasis. Results from an outpatient stone clinic. 712 65