Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In three groups (n = 12 each) of male controls (22--43 years), patients with recurring calcium urolithiasis (21--36 years) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT; 17--71 years) proven by surgery renal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (RcAMP), fractional tubular phosphate reabsorption and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured during endogenous creatinine clearance. RcAMP (muMol/g creatinine) was: controls 1.48 +/- SEM 0.27; stone formers 2.037 +/- 0.343 (not significantly different); HPT 6.234 +/- 0.454 (p less than 0.001). There is no overlap between HPT and controls. Phosphate reabsorption is least in HPT (0.84 +/- 0.015), higher in controls (0.924 +/- 0.004) and stone formers (0.941 +/- 0.007). All differences are statistically significant. Under the conditions selected (moderate hydration of individuals) Serum PHT (pg-equiv/ml) is lowest in stome formers (less than 100--339), higher in controls (less than 100--933) and HPT (400--1150). there is no overlap in PHT between the former and the latter group but a marked one between controls and HPT. For clinical purposes the resulting diagnostic uncertainty in a given patient can be overcome by additional determinations of RcAMP and ionised serum calcium: when referring to serum PTH HPT patients fall outside, RCU patients within 2 standard deviations of either parameter in control subjects. This procedure presently appears superior to those proposed in the past (urinary cAMP etc.) but requires confirmation in larger patient populations. Moreover, since HPT prevails in middle and upper age decades, their RcAMP values and those of RCU patients should be related to a range seen in closely age- and sex-matched controls.
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PMID:[Evaluation of renal cyclic adenosine monophosphate, serum parathyroid hormone and phosphate reabsorption in recurrent calcium urolithiasis, healthy controls and hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. 21 Mar 11

We studied 40 patients with calcium urolithiasis and idiopathic hypercalciuria in an attempt to identify patients with an absorptive or renal type of hypercalciuria. An oral calcium tolerance test was performed in all patients, resulting in a rise in serum calcium in all cases (2.35 +/- 0.09 mmol/l vs 2.49 +/- 0.09 mmol/l; P less than 0.001). This was also true for serum phosphate (0.96 +/- 0.17 mmol/l vs 1.09 +/- 0.18 mmol/l; P less than 0.001), TmPO4/GFR (0.95 +/- 0.19 mmol/l vs 1.20 +/- 0.25 mmol/l; P less than 0.001) and fasting calcium excretion (3.14 +/- 1.16 mmol/100 l GF vs 6.17 +/- 2.02 mmol/100 l GF; P less than 0.001). All patients showed a drop in nephrogenous cAMP excretion (1.33 +/- 0.95 nmol/dl GF vs 0.74 +/- 0.72 nmol/dl GF; P less than 0.001). iPTH levels declined significantly (2.70 +/- 1.50 pmol/l vs 2.11 +/- 1.19 pmol/l; P less than 0.001). However, discordant individual changes in suppression of nephrogenous cAMP excretion, and rises in fasting calcium excretion prohibited a distinction between the absorptive or renal type of hypercalciuria. It is concluded that an oral calcium tolerance test is not helpful in the choice of management of patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.
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PMID:The usefulness of an oral calcium tolerance test in the choice of management of patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. 216 24

Fifty-two patients with idiopathic calcareous urolithiasis (ICU) were studied with an oral calcium loading test. Twenty-one subjects were normo-calciuric with no other detectable abnormalities (NDA). Of 31 patients with hypercalciuria, 16 had elevated fasting urinary calcium excretion (UCaE) (HFC), and 15 had normal UCaE (NFC). The fasting UCaE was significantly higher and the theoretical renal threshold for phosphate (TmPO4) was significantly lower in ICU patients as compared to 19 control individuals. The mean post oral calcium loading (Post Ca) UCaE rose significantly in hypercalciuric patients compared with control subjects; however, only 18/31 (58 per cent) had values above the normal range. There was no correlation between the fasting UCaE and either the immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) or nephrogenous cAMP (ncAMP) in ICU patients. The fasting ncAMP was normal in all subjects with ICU and 7 of 52 subjects had elevated fasting iPTH values. When ranked according to the fasting UCaE value, ICU patients formed a continuum in which the NDA and HFC groups represented the extremes. It is concluded that the responses to oral Ca loading serve no useful role in the identification of an individual ICU patient either in terms of the pathogenetic subgroup or in the differentiation from normal controls.
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PMID:Urinary cAMP and calcium excretion in the fasting state and their response to oral calcium loading in patients with calcium urolithiasis. 630 Apr 72

The secretion of the oxalate anion by intestinal epithelia is a functionally significant component of oxalate homeostasis and hence a relevant factor in the etiology and management of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. To test the hypothesis that human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (hCFTR) can directly mediate the efflux of the oxalate anion, we compared cAMP-stimulated 36Cl-, 14C-oxalate, and 35SO(4)2- efflux from Xenopus oocytes expressing hCFTR with water-injected control oocytes. hCFTR-expressing oocytes exhibited a large, reversible cAMP-dependent increase in whole cell conductance measured using a two-electrode voltage clamp and a 13-fold increase in rate of cAMP-stimulated 36Cl- efflux. In contrast, the rate constants of oxalate and sulfate efflux were low and unaffected by cAMP in either control or hCFTR-expressing oocytes. We conclude that the human CFTR gene product does not directly mediate oxalate efflux in secretory epithelia and hence is not directly involved in oxalate homeostasis in humans.
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PMID:Enteric oxalate secretion is not directly mediated by the human CFTR chloride channel. 1856 5