Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A middle aged man presented as a recalcitrant case of borderline leprosy with concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis and urolithiasis which continued to progress relentlessly despite adequate multiduring antileprosy and antitubercular treatment. After detailed and relevant workup, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. Rapid clinical improvement occurred with steroid therapy.
J Assoc Physicians India 1990 Sep
PMID:Sarcoidosis masquerading as leprosy, pulmonary tuberculosis and urolithiasis. 226 87

Experiments were designed to determine if Gray strain infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection increases the incidence of urolithiasis type kidney damage when the urine is already high in Ca and relatively alkaline due to a high Ca-low available P diet (i.e., layer ration). In addition, experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Gray strain IBV on pullet renal function of 6 and 14-wk-old pullets at 2, 5, and 10 days postinoculation (PI). Blood gas parameters were measured to determine the mechanism by which layer ration decreases hydrogen ion concentration [( H+]). Urine flow rate, glomerular filtration rate, electrolyte excretion (Na, K, Ca, P), free water clearance, urine osmolality, urine [H+], and renal plasma flow (para-aminohippuric clearance) were measured to assess renal function. Gray strain IBV increased urine [H+] and decreased renal plasma flow in 6-wk-old pullets, and induced a diuresis in 14-wk-old pullets between 5 and 10 days PI. The layer ration increased Ca excretion and induced a metabolic alkalosis, thus decreasing urine [H+] and causing urolith formation. Feeding layer ration followed by Gray strain IBV infection had an additive effect on the incidence of urolithiasis and gross kidney damage. Gray strain IBV infection 8 wk prior to feeding layer ration did not induce urolithiasis. The results suggest that the additive effect of Gray strain IBV on the incidence of urolithiasis is probably due to tubular damage rather than direct changes in renal function parameters.
Poult Sci 1989 Sep
PMID:Order of exposure to high dietary calcium and gray strain infectious bronchitis virus alters renal function and the incidence of urolithiasis. 255 68

This report describes the results of clinical trials of the second generation extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (Sonolith 2000 Type B) in patients with upper urinary tract stones. The studies were carried out on 101 cases at the Departments of Urology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Kanto Teishin Hospital and General Daiyukai Hospital from Nov. 1987 to Jun. 1988. The location of stones were renal calyx and pelvis in 84 cases, ureteropelvic junction in 7 cases and upper ureter in 12 cases (2 of them had multiple stones at different levels). The average number of treatment per a patient was 1.25, and that of shock waves delivered per treatment was 1798. Ultrasound localization has been effective in all cases. The rate of destruction of the stones was 100% in the kidney, 66.7% in the upper ureter, with an overall average of 95.0%. On the X-ray film obtained six weeks after ESWL treatment, the stone free rate was 53.5%, and the effectiveness rate was 89.1%, including the cases of stone free and cases with fragments smaller than 5 mm. No serious adverse effect was observed, although there were mild transient hematuria in all cases and pyrexia (more than 38.0 degrees C) in 7 cases (6.9%). The procedure was performed safely in the majority of patients without anesthesia. In 10 cases, we applied anesthesia (epidural anesthesia in 3 cases, and local anesthesia in 7 cases) for the prevention of pain. It is concluded that ESWL treatment using Sonolith 2000 Type B is as effective as other types of shock wave lithotriptor previously applied to urolithiasis without serious clinical complication.
Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1989 Sep
PMID:[Clinical application of Sonolith 2000 type B on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi]. 259 42

Conventional treatment of enteric hyperoxaluria (EHO) consists of dietary restriction of oxalate and fat and correction of its underlying cause whenever possible. Recent work suggests that allopurinol reduces the incidence of urolithiasis and the urinary excretion of both oxalate and uric acid in patients without intestinal disease. We have assessed the effect of allopurinol, 300 mg daily for 2 weeks, on urine biochemistry in patients with EHO due to small bowel Crohn's disease and/or resections. Compliance with treatment was confirmed by a fall in plasma uric acid in every patient. Allopurinol failed to alter 24 h urinary oxalate excretion or oxalate concentration. There were also no significant changes in the urinary excretion of glycollate (like oxalate, a breakdown product of glyoxylate), citrate, magnesium or calcium, each of which was at the lower end of the normal range before and during treatment with allopurinol. It appears unlikely that allopurinol will prove useful in the prevention of urolithiasis in patients with EHO.
Br J Urol 1989 Sep
PMID:Failure of allopurinol to modify urinary composition in enteric hyperoxaluria. 280 58

The density of calcium phosphate and the pH were determined in 15 postprandial urine specimens with heavy precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate, that is phosphaturia, collected from 5 patients with calcium urolithiasis (stone-formers) and 3 patients with no known urological disease (controls). Phosphaturia, not related to urinary tract infection or administration of alkalinizing agents, was found repeatedly at our outpatient clinic in these patients. The correlative relationship was not confirmed between the density of calcium phosphate and the pH. The concentration of calcium and phosphorus was also determined in 10 urine specimens with phosphaturia. The concentration of phosphorus was correlated significantly with the pH (r = -0.775, p less than 0.01), although the concentration of calcium was not correlated with the pH. The pH of 11 urine specimens with phosphaturia from the controls was 7.51 +/- 0.31 (mean +/- S.D.) and the pH of 18 urine specimens with phosphaturia from the stone-formers was 6.81 +/- 0.34. The pH was significantly lower in the urine specimens from the stone-formers than in those from the controls (p less than 0.01). We have noted that the occurrence of phosphaturia depends not only on the urinary pH but on the concentration of phosphorus. It is interesting that phosphaturia often occurs in urine specimens with a pH below 7 in stone-formers.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1989 Sep
PMID:[The role of urine pH in the occurrence of phosphaturia]. 281 12

Using an animal model involving rats fed tetraethylorthosilicate, the minimal effective dietary concentration of ammonium chloride for reduction of silica urolithiasis was determined to be approximately 0.10 equivalents/kg diet. Ammonium sulfate appeared to be only slightly less effective. The lower incidences of urolithiasis were associated with urinary pH less than 7. A subprophylactic concentration (0.067 equivalents/kg diet) of ammonium chloride was factored with three levels of supplemental phosphorus (0, 0.15 and 0.30%) from Na2HPO4 to determine whether the antiurolithic effects of dietary phosphate and urinary-acidifying salts are synergistic. Phosphate had no effect on urinary pH. A 50% urolith incidence occurred in controls; the incidence was 25% (P = 0.08) with 0.15 and 10% (P less than 0.01) with 0.30% phosphorus. Urinary pH was 7.5 in controls compared with approximately 7.2 in rats given the subprophylactic level of ammonium chloride, but ammonium chloride alone had no effect on urolithiasis. However, complete protection from urolithiasis was provided by each of the two levels of phosphorus in combination with ammonium chloride. It is concluded that supplemental dietary phosphorus is most effective for protection against silica urolithiasis under conditions contributing toward urinary acidification due to a possible synergism between dietary phosphorus and urinary acidifying salts.
J Nutr 1987 Sep
PMID:A possible synergism of dietary phosphate and urine-acidifying salts in preventing silica urolithiasis in a rat model. 282 Dec 3

Experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of Gray strain infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and high dietary calcium (Ca), alone and in combination, on renal function in pullets. Eight hundred female Single Comb White Leghorn chicks were raised on starter ration. Five hundred chicks were inoculated intravenously with Gray strain IBV at 4 wk of age; the remaining chicks were not exposed to IBV. At 6 wk of age, IBV-inoculated and uninoculated chicks were randomly divided into two diet treatment groups. Half the chicks were fed commercial grower ration (approximately 1.0% Ca, .6% available P) and half were fed commercial layer ration (approximately 3.25% Ca, .5% available P). Birds remained on their respective diets until 18 wk of age. Kidney function studies were conducted on anesthetized birds at 6 wk of age prior to initiation of the diet treatments, at 10 wk of age, and at 18 wk of age. The layer ration increased Ca excretion, decreased inorganic phosphate excretion, and decreased urine hydrogen ion concentration in 10-wk-old pullets in comparison with the grower ration. These diet effects on kidney function were attenuated when the pullets reached 18 wk of age. The layer ration also caused an 11.5% incidence of urolithiasis, and significantly increased kidney asymmetry in 18-wk-old pullets relative to the effects of the grower ration. Gray strain IBV exposure significantly increased kidney asymmetry in 18-wk-old pullets, but had no gross effect on kidney function clearly related to the etiology of urolithiasis. Gray strain IBV did not enhance the incidence of urolithiasis in any of the age groups.
Poult Sci 1988 Sep
PMID:Effect of Gray strain infectious bronchitis virus and high dietary calcium on renal function of Single Comb White Leghorn pullets at 6, 10, and 18 weeks of age. 284 30

One hundred and sixty three children who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN), including 7 cases of short bowel syndrome, were studied to evaluate the role of TPN in the management of infants with extremely short bowel. Three of the seven were died of sepsis related with central venous catheter (CV catheter) during the period of malabsorption when TPN was necessary. Two children of other diseases were died of catheter sepsis, 5 out of 163 in total, making the mortality late of TPN 3%. Incidence of CV catheter related complications was significantly less frequent in Broviac catheter when compared with conventional Silastic catheter (p less than 0.01). Another significant complication of TPN in cases of short bowel syndrome was hepatic dysfunction. Cholestatic liver dysfunction seemed to be cleared when enteral feeding was started even with TPN going on. Oral feeding should be started in the early postoperative period with concomitant TPN covering the fluid loss. A case of copper deficiency with high output jejunostomy and a case of urolithiasis with hyperoxaluria complicated with short bowel were reported.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1988 Sep
PMID:[Long-term TPN for short bowel syndrome]. 314 68

Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate, phosphate and magnesium was analyzed in 93 ambulatory patients with urolithiasis. There was a significant correlationship between urinary sodium excretion and urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate (only in male stone formers), phosphate and magnesium, respectively. Under a salt restricted diet (NaCl 3-5 gm/day) for 3 days, urinary sodium excretion of 16 inpatients with urolithiasis was reduced remarkably together with significant reduction of urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid and oxalate. Urinary excretion of phosphate and magnesium showed no change. From these findings we conclude that restriction of sodium intake is an effective treatment for prevention of stone recurrence.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1988 Sep
PMID:[Clinical studies of the recurrence of urolithiasis (3). Influence of sodium intake on urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate, phosphate and magnesium]. 321 89

Treatment of upper urinary tract stones has changed greatly. The recurrence of calculi after the discharge was studied in the 634 patients with urolithiasis admitted to our department during the 9 years up to the end of 1984. The recurrence rate in the 325 cases followed for more than 3 months after the disappearance of the original stones, was 15.6% after 2 years, 27.6% after 5 year and 51.4% after 8 years. In recurrent stone formers, the rate of recurrence thereafter was greater than that of primary stone formers. The growth of calculi was rapid in the renal stone former concomitant with urinary tract infection together with a past history of renal surgery. In relation to the composition of the stone, uric acid calculi tended to recur more often than calculi composed of other substances. In view of recurrence, pyelolithotomy is preferred to renal parenchymal incision.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1988 Sep
PMID:[Recurrence of upper urinary tract calculi]. 321 91


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