Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Self-defense Force Hospitals we often treat pilots with renal stones who will be exposed to high gravity (G) load after the treatment. Because the regulation prohibits the flight of a pilot with urolithiasis, the stone must be removed completely by noninvasive procedure. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, therefore, is one of the treatment of choice in such patients. The effect of G load on the kidney, in particular, on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (R-A-A) system and the safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a pilot who is exposed to high G load have not been adequately investigated. In this study, I examined the effect of G load in canine kidney model. The effect of G load on R-A-A system: Twenty-two adult mongrel dogs of a mean weight of 10.9 kg. maintained on a normal Na+ intake were studied. To dogs in the sitting position, high G load was given. The exposure to G load consisted of maximum load of 8 G for 45 seconds with the onset ratio of 0.1 G/sec. for group 1, and 5 courses of maximum G load of 8 G for 10 seconds with the onset ratio of 2.5 G/sec., followed by 1.5 G for 60 seconds for group 2. Plasma renin activity was unchanged in group 1, but it increased in group 2. Plasma aldosterone increased from 68.6 +/- 17.9 to 252.0 +/- 56.4 pg/ml (p less than 0.005) in group 1. and from 191.8 +/- 40.6 to 479.2 +/- 76.0 pg/ml (p less than 0.005) in group 2 after G load. Angiotensin II decreased from 129.0 +/- 19.4 to 84.7 +/- 19.1 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) after G load in group 2. These data suggest that the increase in plasma aldosterone after G load in independent of the renin-angiotensin system. It is considered that the alteration of R-A-A system was caused by the change of blood flow distribution due to the effect of G load. The tolerance to G load on the kidney following subcutaneous nephrostomy: Unilateral subcutaneous nephrostomies were carried out under pentobarbital anesthesia in 15 adult female mongrel dogs. Each experimental dog was exposed to high G load 2 or 4 weeks after removal of the nephrostomy tube. Excretory urography, renal angiography and renal function tests were performed before and after G load. Excretory urograms demonstrated no remarkable changes at all after G load in all dogs. Renal angiograms revealed small renal infarction along the nephrostomy tract in almost all dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effects of gravity load on the canine kidney]. 176 62

The changes in calcemia and calciuria levels following low calcium diet have been studied in 35 patients with active urolithiasis and in 20 healthy subjects. Blood serum concentrations of thyroxine, cortisol and aldosterone in basal conditions as well as cortisol and aldosterone following stimulation with synacten were determined in addition. The levels of calcemia and calciuria (2.56 +/- 0.015 mmol/l and 4.70 +/- 0.41 mmol/10 mmoles of creatinine, respectively) were found to be significantly higher in patients with active urolithiasis than in healthy subjects. In addition, in patients with urolithiasis the basal blood serum concentrations of thyroxine and aldosterone were significantly higher than in healthy subjects, while the reactivity of cortisol and aldosterone secretion to synacten stimulation was normal. The results obtained suggest the participation of the described hormonal aberrations in the pathogenesis of active urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Changes in aldosterone and cortisol secretion and serum thyroxine levels in patients with active urolithiasis]. 264 Feb 2

Urolithiasis diagnosis by uroliths presence reflects insufficient knowledge of the disease pathogenesis. 42 patients with oxalocalcium nephrolithiasis and 20 healthy patients were examined for differences in the urine and plasma composition. The authors studied factors involved in regulation of mineral metabolism and urinary elimination of crystal-forming substances. The patients with urinary stones compared to the control are characterized by low total crystal-inhibiting activity, hyperosmia, hypodipsia, decreased surface free energy, high quantities of ionized calcium, low ionized magnesium in the urine, oligo- and uricosuria. Shifts in hormonal regulation in nephrolithiasis result from slight elevation of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a relative rise in the levels of aldosterone and parathyroid hormone, low blood calcitonin, all the changes being statistically significant.
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PMID:[The physicochemical and biochemical signs of nephrolithiasis]. 816 Mar 12

A comparative analysis of biochemical parameters of blood serum and daily urine in patients with urolithiasis developed after spinal cord injury (study group--35 patients) and patients without development of the disease (comparison group--20 patients) was performed. It was found that patients after spinal cord injury have developed productive azotemia, which led to the disruption of renal excretory function (accumulation of urea and creatinine in blood, and lowering their clearance). Against this background, there is violation of excretion of uric acid, magnesium, decreased sensitivity of the renal tubules to aldosterone (in patients with nephrolithiasis K/Na ratio in urine was lower). As a result, patients have decreased reabsorption of sodium and water retention, increased urine osmolality; against the background of electrolyte imbalance in urine, this leads to the formation of stones. In patients with spinal cord injuries, main trigger mechanism of formation of urinary stones was excessive posttraumatic azotemia. The high concentration of the products of protein-nitrogen catabolism in the serum of patients in the acute and early periods of spinal cord injury may be unfavorable criterion determining the significant risk of developing of kidney stones.
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PMID:[Potential biochemical factors for the development of urolithiasis in patients with spinal cord injuries]. 2477 68