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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxalate-urolithiasis and hyperoxalaria have been reported to be a frequent complication in patients with small bowel disease, especially in patients with ileal resection due to Crohn's disease. Hyperabsorption of oxalate seems to be the main patholgenetic factor for "enteric" hyperoxalaria. Intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate was measured in patients with various gastrointestinal diseases after oral or rectal administration of 14C-oxalate. Kinetic data suggest that 14C-oxalate is absorbed in the small, the large bowel and the rectum as well. Oxalate absorption was decreased in patients with a colectomy and in active ulcerative colitis, but increased in patients with ileal resection, chronic liver disease, and steatorrhea due to chronic pancratitis or sprue. There existed a positive correlation between 14C-oxalate absorption and the amount of fecal fat excretion. The data suggest that hyperoxaluria and hyperabsorption of oxalate are not a specific finding in patients with bile acid malabsorption, but may occur too, in steatorrhea without alteration of bile acid metabolism.
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PMID:[Enteric hyperoxaluria. I. Intestinal oxalate absorption in gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. 68 26

Urine oxalate was determined by the enzymatic method, quality criteria were established, and 24h oxalate excretion measured in healthy control subjects and in patients suffering from calcium urolithiasis. The technique is highly reliable and can be practiced in every conventional clinical laboratory. There is no increase in 24h urine oxalate in calcium urolithiasis when related to body weight or lean body mass.
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PMID:[Hallson and Rose enzymatic determination of urinary oxalate (author's transl)]. 68 89

The incidence of urolithiasis in Manipur is very high. From hospital records for a period of 7 years and 3 months, it was observed to be 11.6% of all general surgery cases in the General Hospital, Imphal. This is alarmingly high. The social, eating, drinking, and living habits are different among the three major populations in this state. The prevalence was minimal among Tribals. Compared to them the prevalence was about one and one half times higher among Muslims (also called Pangals) and seven times higher among Hindus. Surprisingly, the incidence of renal calcalus was higher in females. One hundred ninety-six stones were studied by wet chemical analysis. Calcium and oxalate were present in all stones. Phosphate was present in 194 stones and uric acid (including urate) was present in 146 stones.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in Manipur (north eastern region of India). Incidence and chemical composition of stones. 68 68

The effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the formation of renal stones was evaluated by quantitative assessment of the propensity of urine to undergo crystallization of calcium oxalate. In seven patients with calcium urolithiasis (three with absorptive hypercalciuria, one with renal hypercalciuria, and three with normocalciuric nephrolithiasis), the urinary activity product ratio and formation product ratio of calcium oxalate were measured both on and off therapy with hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg orally twice a day). The activity product ratio (state of saturation with respect to calcium oxalate) decreased in the majority of cases, primarily as a result of the fall in urinary calcium. The formation product ratio (limit of metastability) increased in all cases; the cause of the increase was not readily apparent. Both changes reduced the propensity of urine to undergo crystallization of calcium oxalate, and therefore may account for the clinical improvement reported during thiazide therapy in nephrolithiasis.
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PMID:Effect of hydrochlorothiazide therapy on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in urine. 83 53

Since 1973 we have used allopurinol in the prevention and aftercare of recurrent urolithiasis. We give indications for the administration of allopurinol for patients with chronically recurring calcium oxalate lithiasis. Special attention is given to the urinary stone analysis as well as to metabolic disorders as for example hyperuricaemia, hyperuricuria or idiopathic hypercalciuria. In 15 patients with calcium oxalate lithiasis the stone/patient/year ratio could be decreased to 38%. In 19 patients with uric acid/calcium oxalate calculi or alternating stone formations from uric acid and calcium oxalate we succeeded in decreasing this ratio from 1.72 to 0.47 or 27%.
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PMID:Allopurinol in the recurrence prevention of calcium oxalate lithiasis. 83 52

In a retrospective analysis of 438 cases of canine urolithiasis, a total of 561 urolithic episodes were found to have occurred in a 6 1/2-year period. The hospital incidence of urolithiasis during that period, defined as the proportion of dogs hospitalized with urolithiasis to the total number of dogs hospitalized, was 2.8%. The major chemical component of the calculus in 307 dogs was phosphate; in 95 dogs, cystine; in 21 dogs, urate; in 12 dogs, oxalate; and in 3 dogs, carbonate. The Miniature Schnauzer, Dachsund, Dalmatian, Pug, Bulldog, Welsh Corgi, Beagle, and Bassett Hound were breeds that had a significantly higher (P less than 0.05) incidence of calculi than did breeds of other dogs hospitalized. Predisposition for calculi, by sex, was not found. Most dogs with calculi were between 3 and 7 years old. Most calculi were radiopaque and were located in the bladder or in the bladder and urethra. Specimens for bacteriologic culture were obtained by catheterization or by swabbing of tissue at the surgical site. Of 259 specimens obtained, 181 were culture-positive. The most common organisms isolated were Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Streptococcus spp, and Klebsiella spp. Most of the bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, cephalothin, and methanamine mandelate.
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PMID:Canine urolithiasis: retrospective analysis of 438 cases. 83 15

A retrospective analysis of urolithiasis in the dog was done at the Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, and involved a review of case records from Jan 1, 1968, to June 30, 1974. The study involved a total of 438 dogs that had a total of 561 urolithic episodes. Of the 438 dogs, 111 had 155 known recurrences of calculi. The types of recurrent calculi were phosphate (54 dogs), cystine (45 dogs), urate (7 dogs), oxalate (3 dogs), and carbonate (2 dogs). Two-thirds of the recurrent cases involved only 2 episodes. One-half of the population was composed of mixed breeds, Schnauzers, and Poodles. With the exception of 25 females that had phosphate calculi, all of the dogs with recurrences were males. Sixty-six dogs were tested for urinary bacteria and of these dogs, 40 had infected urinary tracts. The infected dogs had both phosphate and cystine calculi. In addition, most dogs with phosphate calculi had Staphylococcus infections, whereas the cultures from the dogs with cystine calculi had a wide range of bacteria.
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PMID:Recurrence of canine urolithiasis. 83 16

Urinary calculi, predominantly of oxalate composition, have been noted in 10 to 14% of a large series of morbidly obese patients after jejunoileal intestinal bypass at this institution. Physical and metabolic changes after bypass surgery, including the presence of hyderoxaluria, hyperuricemia, and fluid and electrolyte disturbances are reviewed in their possible relationship to this increased incidence of urolithiasis.
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PMID:Urolithiasis after intestinal bypass for morbid obesity. 84 79

A patient working as a stove-fitter suffers from calciumoxalate urolithiasis. The exploration of his typical occupation and the special investigation of lithogenic factors in urine and serum points to deterioration of oxalate urolithiasis.
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PMID:[Oxalate urolithiasis--an occupational disease? (author's transl)]. 89 40

Fifty-seven per cent of Urinary Calculi in the Sudan contain Uric Acid, 20 per cent in the pure form and 37 per cent mixed with other constituents mainly calcium oxalate. The peak age presentation of urolithiasis is 30-40 years with more prediliction to males than females. An earlier study documented a high incidence of hyperuricaemia in Sudanese people. It is probable that "voluntary dehydration" and hyperuricaemia acting together may help in the formation of uric acid stones on the surface of which other crystals mainly calcium oxalate may be deposited to form the bigger calculi which are commonly encountered in this country.
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PMID:Uric acid lithiasis in the Sudan. 92 13


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