Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ability to predict the rate of progression of renal parenchymal disease may help in its clinical management. We undertook characterization of urinary macrophages obtained from patients with various renal diseases paying special attention to the differentiation from non-progressive to progressive renal diseases. A total of 84 patients were divided into one of three categories. A highly progressive group included patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy, primary focal segmental sclerosis and diffuse proliferative lupus nephropathy, moderately progressive group included those with IgA nephropathy and Alport's syndrome and non-progressive group included patients with thin basement membrane nephropathy, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, idiopathic renal hematuria and urolithiasis. Urinary sediments were reacted with four monoclonal antibodies (CD68/macrophages vimentin, cytokeratin, and 25F9/mature macrophages). In normal individuals mature macrophages (25F9+ cells) were absent in urinary sediments. The number of 25F9+ cells in the urine was highest in the highly progressive group, less prominent in the moderately progressive group, and virtually absent in the non-progressive group. The 25F9+ cells reacted with anti-CD68 and antivimentin antibody, whereas the 25F9+ cells did not react with anti-cytokeratin antibody. These findings indicate that the detection of mature macrophages in urine is useful to estimate the prognosis of renal parenchymal diseases and may help to differentiate some glomerular diseases (e.g., thin basement membrane disease vs. Alport's syndrome, and minimal change nephrotic syndrome vs. primary focal segmental sclerosis).
 ...
PMID:Detection of mature macrophages in urinary sediments: clinical significance in predicting progressive renal disease. 957 70

Exfoliated human urinary tract epithelial cells and renal tubular cells from urinary sediments of healthy adults, of urological patients and of internal patients were isolated and cultured. Cells started proliferating within 1 week after seeding a sediment. Proliferating cells formed colonies of different morphologies, designated as type-1 or type-2 cell colonies. Type-1 cell colonies showed irregular contours and spindle-like cells within the colonies. Subcultivation of type-1 cells for up to six passages was possible. Type-2 cell colonies showed smooth-edged contours and subcultivation was not possible. The epithelial character of type-1 cells was demonstrated by positive immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin-7. In contrast to carbonic anhydrase-positive stained Madin Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK), which were used as positive controls for renal tubular cells, type-1 cells were carbonic anhydrase-negative on staining with the cobalt phosphate method. This indicates that type-1 cells were not of renal tubular origin. Type-2 cells were positively stained for carbonic anhydrase, indicating that type-2 cells were renal tubular cells. Type-2 cell colonies could be assigned to two subgroups with different cell forms. Colonies of cobblestone-like cells more often occurred than type-2 cell colonies with spindle-like cells, which are described in this study for the first time. Colonies with cobblestone-like cells formed domes (hemicysts), whereas spindle-like type-2 cell colonies did not. Cultures of urinary sediments from healthy adults, elderly multimorbid patients treated with furosemide, and urological patients with urolithiasis treated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and/or with a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter were compared. In 52% of all cultured sediments from healthy adults, in 30% of those from multimorbid patients, and in 75-80% of those from urological patients cells proliferated to colonies. The ratios of type-1 to type-2 cell colonies were 3.3:1 (healthy adults), 1.4:1 (urological patients with urolithiasis), and 1.8:1 (urological patients with urolithiasis, urine was directly collected from the renal pelvis with a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter). Successful cultures of the urinary sediments from these three groups revealed means of 3 or 4 colonies, 14 colonies, and 21 colonies, respectively. Differences in the number of colonies in relation to sex were observed only for the group of urological patients. It was shown that type-1 cells were urothelial cells, which did not show morphological differences due to their locations of origin within the urinary tract, whereas type-2 cells were probably renal tubular cells. These findings offer new aspects in the culturing of human urothelial or kidney epithelial cells with a method based on noninvasive collecting of specimens and requiring only minimal culture effort. The cultures obtained by this method can be used for in vitro studies in toxicological and clinical research.
 ...
PMID:Cultures of exfoliated epithelial cells from different locations of the human urinary tract and the renal tubular system. 1120 69