Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ability to predict the rate of progression of renal parenchymal disease may help in its clinical management. We undertook characterization of urinary macrophages obtained from patients with various renal diseases paying special attention to the differentiation from non-progressive to progressive renal diseases. A total of 84 patients were divided into one of three categories. A highly progressive group included patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy, primary focal segmental sclerosis and diffuse proliferative lupus nephropathy, moderately progressive group included those with IgA nephropathy and Alport's syndrome and non-progressive group included patients with thin basement membrane nephropathy, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, idiopathic renal hematuria and urolithiasis. Urinary sediments were reacted with four monoclonal antibodies (CD68/macrophages vimentin, cytokeratin, and 25F9/mature macrophages). In normal individuals mature macrophages (25F9+ cells) were absent in urinary sediments. The number of 25F9+ cells in the urine was highest in the highly progressive group, less prominent in the moderately progressive group, and virtually absent in the non-progressive group. The 25F9+ cells reacted with anti-CD68 and antivimentin antibody, whereas the 25F9+ cells did not react with anti-cytokeratin antibody. These findings indicate that the detection of mature macrophages in urine is useful to estimate the prognosis of renal parenchymal diseases and may help to differentiate some glomerular diseases (e.g., thin basement membrane disease vs. Alport's syndrome, and minimal change nephrotic syndrome vs. primary focal segmental sclerosis).
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PMID:Detection of mature macrophages in urinary sediments: clinical significance in predicting progressive renal disease. 957 70

BACKGROUND Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XP) is an extremely rare, severe, atypical form of chronic renal parenchymal inflammation accompanied by hydronephrosis and/or urolithiasis. The pathomechanism of XP is not yet fully understood. Microscopically, XP is indicated by the presence of multinucleated giant cells and lipid-laden macrophages, as well as inflammatory infiltration and intensive renal fibrosis. The lipid accumulation in kidney parenchyma may be secondary to the altered flow of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol particles inside the affected cells. Physiologically, the process of LDL-derived cholesterol transport from lysosomes to the sites of its esterification is dependent on vimentin, which is a molecule comprising the cytoskeleton in mesenchymal cells. CASE REPORT A 7-year old girl was hospitalized because of the finding of unexplained kidney lesions on an abdominal ultrasound examination (an enlarged and deformed collecting system of the right kidney with hyperechogenic, solid, staghorn lesions in the calyces). Three months earlier, the patient had experienced recurrent urinary tract infection. Based on the subsequent laboratory and imaging diagnostics, the final diagnosis of XP was established and the girl was qualified for right-sided nephrectomy Microscopic examination revealed numerous foci of granuloma formations with no evident exponents of dysplastic or neoplastic abnormalities. Significant CD68-positive cell infiltrations and scattered foam cells arranging the numerous foci of granuloma inflammation were noticed. Renal parenchyma, adjacent to granuloma lesions, presented a vimentin expression. CONCLUSIONS Vimentin expression in XP may confirm a focal character of chronic granuloma formation and may suggest the complexity of XP pathogenesis involving not only macrophage and fibroblast activation but also local lipid deregulation and fibrosis.
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PMID:Early Progression of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in Children Might Be Dependent on Vimentin Expression. 2897 5