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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We found that a few patients with urolithiasis had normal parathyroid hormone levels but high cyclic AMP excretion. The purpose of this paper was to study the endocrinological mechanism. Male rats were given intraperitoneally dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP), a derivative of cyclic AMP, per 100 gm of body weight for 50 days. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Crystal formation or calcification in mainly the dystal tubules and collecting system were found in 3 out of 10 rats, and renal calcium stones in 2 rats. The cyclic AMP of the renal parenchyma, especially the renal medulla, was elevated by more than 100 times after DBcAMP administration. Serum calcium levels, urinary calcium and phosphate excretion, and the adrenaline levels of the renal parenchyma were significantly increased. Serum parathyroid hormone was slightly enhanced, but vitamin D and the noradrenaline levels of the renal parenchyma were not changed. Based on these findings, it is suspected that stone formation in rats injected DBcAMP occurs through the action of DBcAMP on the renal tubules to increase urinary calcium excretion and to make renal stones as a form of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:[Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. I. The production of renal calcinosis by cyclic AMP injection in rat]. 300 37

We evaluated serum gastrin, acid-base status, variables of mineral metabolism in fasting blood, as well as pH, relative supersaturation of stone forming constituents, and crystalluria in the associated fasting urine, of control subjects (n = 12), and in age- and weight-matched male normocalciuric (n = 12) and hypercalciuric (n = 12) patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis (RCU). In RCU, mineral metabolism and acid-base data are unchanged, whereas mean serum gastrin is only insignificantly higher as compared to controls. Subclassification of all participants into categories with either high-normal or low-normal gastrin reveals that in RCU with low-normal gastrin there is a higher-than-normal urinary pH and significantly elevated supersaturation of urine with hydroxyapatite. Crystalluria and stone analysis support the assumption that the physico-chemical environment accompanied by low gastrin levels predisposes to urinary precipitation of calcium phosphate with subsequent formation of a stone nidus. pH in fasting urine and integrated fasting serum gastrin correlate significantly, suggesting that low fasting serum gastrin in RCU patients may be considered a risk factor for calcium phosphate stone formation.
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PMID:Fasting gastrinemia and elevated supersaturation with hydroxyapatite of fasting urine--observations in renal calcium stone patients and controls. 303 74

We report a case of 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine (2, 8-DHA) urolithiasis. A 39-year-old female was referred to our hospital with the complaint of right flank pain. An X-ray examination showed right hydronephrosis. On May 1986, right percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was performed. Infrared spectroanalysis revealed 2, 8-DHA and calcium phosphate mixed calculus. The adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes was partially deficient. Since the operation, 300 mg/day of allopurinol has been administered, and there have been no signs of recurrence.
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PMID:[A case of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones with a partial deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase]. 304 75

Abnormalities in renal tubular function have been reported in adult patients with idiopathic renal hypercalciuria. To determine if such abnormalities are present early in the natural history of renal hypercalciuria, we evaluated renal tubular function in ten children with idiopathic renal hypercalciuria, aged 5-17 years. Seven of the children presented with urolithiasis and three with hematuria. Urinary calcium excretion ranged from 4 to 9 mg/kg per day, (5.2 +/- 0.5, mean +/- SEM) with a mean fasting urinary calcium to creatinine ration of 0.31 +/- 0.03. Studies described in this report were performed after 1 week of ingesting a diet containing 1,000 mg calcium, 3,000 mg sodium, and 100 mg purine. Clearance of creatinine ranged from 84 to 159 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Tm phosphate (mg/100 ml GFR) was normal in each child (mean 4.66 +/- 0.06 mg/100 ml GFR). Fractional excretion of uric acid, sodium and beta-2-microglobulin were also normal in each child. Serum bicarbonate concentrations ranged from 21.5 to 27 mEq/l with a mean of 24.4 +/- 0.5 mEq/l and all patients lowered urinary pH to less than 5.5. Hypotonic diuresis demonstrated normal free water clearance with a mean of 12.8 ml/min per 100 ml Cin. Distal sodium delivery and fractional distal sodium reabsorption were normal with a mean of 13.6 +/- 1.2% and 92.7 +/- 0.5%, respectively. Water deprivation studies demonstrated a range of maximum urinary osmolality from 711 to 1,020 mosmol/kg H2O with a mean of 864 +/- 34 mosmol/kg H2O. Seven healthy children, ingesting an identical study diet, concentrated their urine to a mean of 1,059 +/- 31 mosmol/kg h2O.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal function in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria. 315 15

In 76 patients with urolithiasis the behaviour of the level of 25-OH-D and prolactin, respectively, and the metabolism of calcium and phosphate were investigated after an intravenous calcium load. In these patients a significant lower 25-OH-D level and a significant lower increase of the serum phosphate level after calcium load was observed in comparison with healthy adults. However, in contrast to healthy probands, the prolactin level was suppressed significantly. A participation of these endocrine changes in the pathogenesis of pathogenesis of urolithiasis could be suggested.
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PMID:[Behavior of prolactin secretion and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level in patients with active kidney calculi]. 317 18

Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate, phosphate and magnesium was analyzed in 93 ambulatory patients with urolithiasis. There was a significant correlationship between urinary sodium excretion and urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate (only in male stone formers), phosphate and magnesium, respectively. Under a salt restricted diet (NaCl 3-5 gm/day) for 3 days, urinary sodium excretion of 16 inpatients with urolithiasis was reduced remarkably together with significant reduction of urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid and oxalate. Urinary excretion of phosphate and magnesium showed no change. From these findings we conclude that restriction of sodium intake is an effective treatment for prevention of stone recurrence.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of the recurrence of urolithiasis (3). Influence of sodium intake on urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, oxalate, phosphate and magnesium]. 321 89

A simple method, based on optic microscopy and a counting chamber, has been devised for the study of heterogeneous nucleation in calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Calcium phosphate, uric acid, silica and macromolecular mucoprotein are proposed as possible nucleants. The importance of heterogeneous nucleation as a fundamental step in the formation of calcium oxalate calculi is demonstrated.
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PMID:Simple method for the study of heterogeneous nucleation in calcium oxalate urolithiasis. 340 55

Of 628 patients with bacteriologically or histologically proven urogenital tuberculosis (UGT) treated from 1960 to 1985. 126 patients (20.1%) had additional urinary tract infection and 66 patients (10.5%) developed urolithiasis. In these 66 patients a simultaneous urinary tract infection occurred in 29 cases (43.9%). Twenty-eight calculi were analyzed by a combined crystal-optical and x-ray-diffraction method. A high incidence of struvite/carbonate apatite calculi (11/28) as well as of calcium phosphate calculi (6/28) was found. The texture of 15 calculi was investigated on thin sections by polarization microscopy and a high concentration of organic material was found in both calcium oxalate and struvite/carbonate apatite calculi probably due to the specific and nonspecific infection with deposition of cell and protein degradation products.
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PMID:Urolithiasis associated with urogenital tuberculosis. Clinical and mineralogical aspects. 341 6

Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of the stone forming constituents, calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate and magnesium were assayed either under the restricted diet (190 stone formers and 52 non-stone formers) or under the ambulatory free diet (93 stone formers and 14 non-stone formers). Under the ambulatory free diet, urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid and magnesium in the male stone formers, and urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in the female stone formers was significantly higher than that under the restricted diet. Under the restricted diet, no difference in urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid or phosphate was noted between the stone formers and non-stone formers. However, urinary magnesium excretion of the stone formers under the restricted diet was significantly lower than that of the non-stone formers. Under the free diet, no difference in urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate or magnesium was observed between the stone formers and non-stone formers. Also, there was no significant difference in urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate or magnesium between the unilateral urolithiasis patients without previous stone history and that of the bilateral or recurrent stone formers. We conclude that urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate and magnesium have no major role in the stone producing mechanism. However, reduction of urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid and phosphate and augmentation of urinary excretion of magnesium are mandatory in preventing stone recurrence until a better understanding of the cause of urolithiasis is obtained.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on the recurrence of urolithiasis: (1). Influence of diet on urinary excretion of the stone forming constituents]. 343 87

According to the dynamics of the urinary calcium excretion mechanism, we have classified the patients with urolithiasis into 4 groups, namely group I (normocalciuria; urinary calcium excretion of 270 mg/day or less for male patients and 210 mg/day or less for female patients), group II (absorptive hypercalciuria; hypercalciuric with urinary calcium excretion of 200 mg/day or less under the low calcium diet), group III (renal hypercalciuria; hypercalciuric with urinary calcium excretion exceeds 200 mg/day even under a low calcium diet), and group IV (hyperparathyroidism; hypercalciuric patients as in group III with high serum calcium). Of the 97 stone formers, 77 were classified into group I, 9 into group II, 8 into group III and 3 into group IV. Both under the restricted diet and under the ambulatory free diet, urinary calcium excretion of groups II, III and IV was significantly higher than that of the group I patients. It was noteworthy, however, that some of the patients in group I excreted much calcium without restriction of their diet. Although no difference in excretion of oxalate, magnesium and phosphate was observed between the 4 groups, the patients in groups II, and III excreted more uric acid into their urine than group I patients. As for stone recurrence rate, no difference was noted between group I and group II, III or IV. Based on these findings, we conclude that hypercalciuria has no significant role in the stone forming mechanism. However, lowering of urinary calcium and other stone forming constituents is mandatory in preventing stone recurrence until the mechanism of stone formation is elucidated more precisely.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on recurrence of urolithiasis. (2) Hypercalciuria and recurrence of urolithiasis]. 344 58


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