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Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet, Purina Laboratory Chow, and an oxalate calculi-producing diet (CPD). The CPD was the basal diet containing 3 per cent glycolic acid. Sodium pyruvate, DL-alanine, alpha-keto glutaric acid, thiamine pyrophosphate, and L-glutamic acid were added to the CPD to determine their effectiveness in preventing calculi formation. The effectiveness of methyl glyoxal was determined by adding it to the drinking water. Rats fed CPD for 4 weeks developed calculi in the ureters, bladder, renal tubules, and/or renal pelvis and papilla. Rats in groups fed alanine and/or pyruvate had no calculi in their renal tubules or ureters; additionally, these rats had a significant reduction in incidence and amount of deposits in the renal pelvis and bladder. Rats in groups fed alpha-keto glutaric acid, thiamine pyrophosphate, L-glutamic acid, and methyl glyoxal developed equally or more severe oxalate urolithiasis than those on CPD alone. Results of this study show that either pyruvate or alanine at appropriate levels may be beneficial in preventing oxalate urolith formation.
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PMID:Prevention of oxalate urolithiasis by some compounds. 64

Sodium pentosan polysulphate (SPP) is reported to influence lipid metabolism, and since a relationship between lipids and stone disorder has been recognised, it was thought worthwhile to study the role of SPP in relation to serum lipids and lipoproteins in experimental calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly increased in the glycollate treated group while free fatty acids showed only a mild increase. SPP treatment decreased the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both controls and stone formers. In contrast, phospholipid and free fatty acid levels were increased in the two groups. In the calculogenic rats, the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio showed no change, whereas with SPP administration there was a decrease in the treated groups. The observations are suggestive, that SPP treatment may prove beneficial in decreasing the blood lipid levels.
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PMID:Changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in calcium oxalate stone forming rats treated with sodium pentosan polysulphate. 128 Jan 38

The most important measure in the prophylaxis of idiopathic calcium urolithiasis is dietary advice. Patients should be kept to a high-fluid intake, increasing their diuresis by at least 0.51. The mineral content of drinking water seems to be of minor importance, but the liquid should be low in carbohydrates and oxalate. The intake of animal proteins should be reduced to no more than five meals with meat, fish or poultry per week. Excesses of oxalate-rich food must be avoided. The daily intake of calcium in dairy products should be in the range of 800-1200 mg. Sodium and refined carbohydrates should be moderately restricted. Medical treatment is indicated only in cases of recurrence under the appropriate diet. Selective treatment according to urinary chemical composition is favoured; alkali citrate, thiazides, allopurinol, and pyridoxine are of major interest.
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PMID:Prophylaxis in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. 229 Dec 48

The pathophysiologic consequences of renal function impairment and chronic renal failure among others result from the loss of excretory and regulatory functions of the kidneys. The role of the exchange of cellular hydrogen ions of tubular fluid in the reabsorption of bicarbonate and in the urinary excretion of titratable acid and ammonia (acid-base regulation) is outlined. The effects of decreased glomerular filtration rate on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis are discussed. De novo urolithiasis in these patients is uncommon. However, it is well recognized that they may form matrix stones with calcium oxalate inclusions. Of greater significance is the prophylaxis in those patients, in whom urolithiasis has been the cause of chronic renal failure. In these patients it is of importance to modify the drug dosage or to abandon the prophylaxis when it interferes with the metabolic changes of renal function impairment. Some agents require no modification, others minor or major modifications. Some are even contraindicated. Hazards of stone prophylaxis in chronic renal failure: Acidification - cave metabolic acidosis! Cave RTA! Antibiotic agents - special rules to prevent accumulation. Thiazides - contraindicated! Hypokalemia; hyperuricemia; cave HPT! Triamterene - contraindicated! Acetazolamide (cystinuria) - contraindicated. Spironolactone - contraindicated. Sodium-cellulose-phosphate - Hyperoxaluria, hypomagnesiuria , hyperphosphatemia, cave HPT. Orthophosphate - cave urinary infection, cave poor renal function, cave obstruction. Allopurinol - dose reduction advisable. Brenzbromaron - contraindicated.
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PMID:[Prevention of calculus recurrence in impaired kidney function]. 653 25

Regulation of fluid and dietary intake habits is essential in comprehensive preventive management of urolithiasis. However, despite large body of epidemiological database, there is dearth of good quality prospective interventional studies in this regard. Often there is conflict in pathophysiological basis and actual clinical outcome. We describe conflicts, controversies and lacunae in current literature in fluid and dietary modifications in prevention of urolithiasis. Adequate fluid intake is the most important conservative strategy in urolithiasis-prevention; its positive effects are seen even at low volumes. Of the citrus, orange provides the most favorable pH changes in the urine, equivalent to therapeutic alkaline citrates. Despite being richest source of citrate, lemon does not increase pH significant due to its acidic nature. Fructose, animal proteins and fats are implicated in contributing to obesity, which is an established risk factor for urolithiasis. Fructose and proteins also contribute to lithogenecity of urine directly. Sodium restriction is commonly advised since natriuresis is associated with calciuresis. Calcium restriction is not advisable for urolithiasis prevention. Adequate calcium intake is beneficial if taken with food since it reduces absorption of dietary oxalate. Increasing dietary fiber does not protect against urolithiasis. Evidence for pyridoxine and magnesium is not robust. There is no prospective interventional study evaluating effect of many dietary elements, including citrus juices, carbohydrate, fat, dietary fiber, sodium, etc. Due to lack of good-quality prospective interventional trials it is essential to test the findings of pathophysiological understanding and epidemiological evidence. Role of probiotics and phytoceuticals needs special attention for future research.
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PMID:Preventive fluid and dietary therapy for urolithiasis: An appraisal of strength, controversies and lacunae of current literature. 2202 52