Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0451641 (urolithiasis)
 3,973 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective multicenter study was designed to determine the frequency and prognostic importance of hypercalciuria in children with hematuria. Urinary calcium excretion was examined in 215 patients with unexplained isolated hematuria (no proteinuria, urolithiasis, infection or systemic disorder). Hypercalciuria (urinary calcium excretion greater than 4 mg/kg/day) was identified in 76 patients (35%). Compared to patients with normal urinary calcium excretion, children with hematuria and hypercalciuria were characterized by male preponderance, white race, family history of urolithiasis, gross hematuria and calcium oxalate crystals. Renal biopsies were performed in 10 patients with urinary calcium excretion 0.4 to 2.5 mg/kg/day; three had IgA glomerulonephritis, three had glomerular basement membrane thinning, one had proliferative glomerulonephritis and three were normal. Renal biopsies in three patients with hypercalciuria showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, hereditary nephritis or no abnormalities. Oral calcium loading tests showed renal hypercalciuria in 26 patients, absorptive hypercalciuria in 15 patients and were not diagnostic in 35 patients. Serum parathyroid hormone, bicarbonate and phosphorus and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations were similar in the three groups of hypercalciuric patients. Urinary calcium excretion after one week of dietary calcium restriction was higher (5.8 mg/kg/day) in renal hypercalciuria than in other hypercalciuric patients (3.4 mg/kg/day), P less than 0.01. One to four years follow-up was available for 184 patients. Eight of 60 hypercalciuric patients developed urolithiasis or renal colic compared to 2 of 124 patients with normal urinary calcium excretion (P less than 0.001). Hypercalciuria is commonly associated with isolated hematuria and represents a risk factor for future urolithiasis in children with hematuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Idiopathic hypercalciuria: association with isolated hematuria and risk for urolithiasis in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. 240 91

The carcinogenic potential of muraglitazar, a dual human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma agonist, was evaluated in 2-year studies in mice (1, 5, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and rats (1, 5, 30, and 50 mg/kg). Benign gallbladder adenomas occurred at low incidences in male mice at 20 and 40 mg/kg (area under the curve [AUC] exposures > or = 62 times human exposure at 5 mg/day) and were considered drug related due to an increased incidence of gallbladder mucosal hyperplasia at these doses. There was a dose-related increased incidence of transitional cell papilloma and carcinoma of the urinary bladder in male rats at 5, 30, and 50 mg/kg (AUC exposures > or = 8 times human exposure at 5 mg/day). At 30 and 50 mg/kg, the urinary bladder tumors were accompanied by evidence of increased urine solids. Subsequent investigative studies established that the urinary bladder carcinogenic effect was mediated by urolithiasis rather than a direct pharmacologic effect on urothelium. Incidences of subcutaneous liposarcoma in male rats and subcutaneous lipoma in female rats were increased at 50 mg/kg (AUC exposures > or = 48 times human exposure at 5 mg/day) and attributed, in part, to persistent pharmacologic stimulation of preadipocytes. Toxicologically relevant nonneoplastic changes in target tissues included thinning of cortical bone in mice and hyperplastic and metaplastic adipocyte changes in mice and rats. Considering that muraglitazar is nongenotoxic, the observed tumorigenic effects in mice and rats have no established clinical relevance since they occurred at either clinically nonrelevant exposures (gallbladder and adipose tumors) or by a species-specific mechanism (urinary bladder tumors).
 ...
PMID:Rodent carcinogenicity profile of the antidiabetic dual PPAR alpha and gamma agonist muraglitazar. 1742 6

Primary renal squamous cell carcinoma is a very rare malignancy of the upper urinary tract. Most patients have history of chronic urolithiasis, analgesics abuse, radiotherapy or infection. Co-existence of SCC with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is exceedingly rare with only few reports in the literature. We report a case of a 60-year-old male presented with right flank pain and mild tenderness of abdomen. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed gross hydronephrosis with parenchymal thinning and irregular thick enhancing wall of pelvicalyceal system with multiple calculi in right kidney. Right renal vein appeared distended, filled with hypo dense material. Right nephrectomy was performed and sent for pathological examination. Histological evaluation revealed keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with infiltration of renal vein and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
...
PMID:Rare Co-existence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Infiltration of Renal Vein and Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. 2681 4

Ureterocalicostomy is a salvage technique commonly used for failed pyeloplasties; it has also been reported as a primary procedure in ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). This video describes the technique of laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy for primary UPJO in a child with a malrotated kidney and parenchymal thinning. A 13-year-old girl with symptomatic UPJO was found to have a malrotated kidney with a high posterior insertion of the ureter. A laparoscopic dependent ureterocalicostomy over a double-J stent was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, with excellent clinical and radiological outcomes. Literature review revealed only two reports of this laparoscopic procedure as a primary surgery in children (one with intrarenal pelvis associated to urolithiasis and the other with a malrotated kidney). Laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy is a safe and feasible option in selected cases with parenchymal thinning due to atypical UPJ anatomy or failed pyeloplasty.
 ...
PMID:Laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy in children: The technique and feasibility. 3003 41

The paper provides a retrospective study of long-term results of ureterocalicostomy (UC) performed in one specialized center. The study included 37 patients who underwent UC as a primary (43.2%) or secondary (56.8%) operation for intrarenal hydronephrosis or urolithiasis. All surgical interventions were classified into two groups according to the type of kidney resection: Type I - if the kidney parenchyma was more than 10 mm, the entire lower pole of the kidney was removed (72.9%); Type II - if the parenchyma was less than 10 mm, a part of the lower pole (1.5-2.0 cm) was removed in the zone of maximal parenchymal thinning (24.3%). All resections, depending on the angle of their plane, were also divided into transverse (48.6%) and oblique (51.4%). Early postoperative complications were observed in 14 (37.8%) patients. All complications were not severe and were classified as Grade I-II according to the Clavien-Dindo system. The univariate analysis showed that the predictors of UC complications are the long duration of the operation, warm renal ischemia for more than 20 minutes, the secondary nature of the operation, as well as the presence of acute pyelonephritis and urinary extravasation before the operation. The rate of good long-term results was 81.1% (n=30), satisfactory - 13.5% (n=5), poor - 5.4% (n=2). The reliable prognostic value in terms of negative surgery results had: the thickness of the renal parenchyma below 10 mm, as well as the use of Type II resection of the renal parenchyma. Conclusion. A high level of good UC results was demonstrated. The most important predictor was the renal parenchyma thickness less than 10 mm.
 ...
PMID:URETEROCALICOSTOMY FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER URINARY TRACT. 3284 Nov 77